1. Injongo yoyilo lwePCB kufuneka icace. Kwimigca yemiqondiso ebalulekileyo, ubude be-wiring kunye nokucubungula i-loops yomhlaba kufuneka kube ngqongqo kakhulu. Ngesantya esisezantsi kunye nemigca yesignali engabalulekanga, inokubekwa kwindawo yokuqala ephantsi kancinane. . Amacandelo abalulekileyo aquka: ulwahlulo lonikezelo lwamandla; iimfuno zobude bemigca yewotshi yememori, imigca yokulawula kunye nemigca yedatha; i-wiring yemigca ehlukeneyo yesantya esiphezulu, njl. Kwiprojekthi A, imemori yememori isetyenziselwa ukuqonda imemori ye-DDR kunye nobukhulu be-1G. I-wiring yale nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-topology yemigca yokulawula kunye nemigca yeedilesi, kunye nolawulo lokwahlukana kobude bemigca yedatha kunye nemigca yewotshi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Kwinkqubo, ngokwephepha ledatha ye-chip kunye ne-frequency yangempela yokusebenza, imigaqo ethile yocingo inokufumaneka. Ngokomzekelo, ubude bemigca yedatha kwiqela elifanayo akufanele buhluke ngaphezu kweemitha ezininzi, kwaye ubude bobude phakathi kweshaneli nganye akufanele budlule ukuba zingaphi ii-mil. mil njalo njalo. Xa ezi mfuno zimiselwe, abaqulunqi bePCB banokufuneka ngokucacileyo ukuba baphumeze. Ukuba zonke iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zomzila kuyilo zicacile, zinokuguqulwa zibe yimiqobo yendlela yonke, kwaye isofthiwe yesixhobo somzila ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-CAD ingasetyenziselwa ukuqonda uyilo lwe-PCB. Ikwayindlela yophuhliso kuyilo lwePCB olunesantya esiphezulu.

2. Ukuhlola kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo Xa ulungiselela ukulungisa ingxaki yebhodi, qiniseka ukuba wenze uhlolo olubonakalayo olunyamekileyo kuqala, khangela ukuba kukho iisekethe ezimfutshane ezibonakalayo kunye neentsilelo ze-pin ngexesha lenkqubo ye-soldering, kwaye ukhangele ukuba kukho iimodeli zecandelo ezibekwe Iimpazamo, ukubekwa okungalunganga. yephini yokuqala, indibano elahlekileyo, njl., kwaye ke usebenzise i-multimeter ukulinganisa ukuxhathisa konikezelo lwamandla ngamnye emhlabeni ukujonga ukuba kukho isiphaluka esifutshane. Lo mkhwa mhle unokuthintela umonakalo ebhodini emva kokukhanyisa ngokukhawuleza. Kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kufuneka ube nengqondo enoxolo. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuhlangabezana neengxaki. Into ekufuneka uyenzile kukwenza uthelekiso olungakumbi kunye nohlalutyo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uphelise izizathu ezinokwenzeka. Umele ukholelwe ngokuqinileyo ukuba “yonke into inokusonjululwa” kwaye “iingxaki mazisonjululwe.” Kukho isizathu sayo”, ukuze ukulungisa ingxaki kuya kuphumelela ekugqibeleni. .

3. Amanye amagama asisishwankathelo Ngoku ngokwembono yobugcisa, yonke idizayini inokuthi yenziwe ekugqibeleni, kodwa impumelelo yeprojekthi ayixhomekanga kuphela ekuphunyezweni kobugcisa, kodwa nakwixesha lokugqiba, umgangatho wemveliso, iqela Ngoko ke, ukusebenza ngokubambisana kakuhle, unxibelelwano lweprojekthi oluselubala nolucacileyo, uphando olucokisekileyo kunye namalungiselelo ophuhliso, kunye nezinto ezininzi kunye namalungiselelo abasebenzi anokuqinisekisa impumelelo yeprojekthi. Injineli elungileyo yehardware ngokwenene ngumphathi weprojekthi. Kufuneka anxibelelane nehlabathi langaphandle ukuze afumane iimfuno zoyilo lwakhe, aze ashwankathele kwaye azihlalutye kwiinkqubo ezithile zehardware. Kukwafuneka ukuba uqhagamshelane nabathengisi abaninzi be-chip kunye nesisombululo ukukhetha isisombululo esifanelekileyo. Xa umzobo weskim ugqityiwe, kufuneka aququzelele oogxa bakhe ukuze basebenzisane nophononongo kunye nokuhlolwa, kwaye asebenze neenjineli zeCAD ukugqiba uyilo lwePCB. . Ngexesha elifanayo, lungiselela uluhlu lwe-BOM, qalisa ukuthenga nokulungiselela izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye uqhagamshelane nomenzi wokucubungula ukugqiba ukubekwa kwebhodi. Kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kufuneka aququzelele iinjineli zesoftware ukusombulula iingxaki eziphambili kunye, asebenzisane neenjineli zovavanyo ukusombulula iingxaki ezifunyenwe kuvavanyo, kwaye ulinde de imveliso iqaliswe kwindawo. Ukuba kukho ingxaki, kufuneka ixhaswe kwangethuba. Ke ngoko, ukuze ube ngumyili wezixhobo zentsimbi, kufuneka usebenzise izakhono zonxibelelwano ezilungileyo, ukwazi ukuziqhelanisa noxinzelelo, ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa nokwenza izigqibo xa ujongene nemicimbi emininzi ngaxeshanye, kunye nesimo sengqondo esihle nesinoxolo. Kukwakho nenkathalo kunye nobunzulu, kuba ukungakhathali okuncinci kuyilo lwehardware kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, xa ibhodi yenzelwe kwaye amaxwebhu okuvelisa agqitywe ngaphambili, i-misoperation yabangela ukuba umbane wamandla kunye nomgangatho womhlaba udibaniswe. Ngelo xesha, emva kokuba ibhodi ye-PCB yenziwe, ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kumgca wemveliso ngaphandle kokuhlolwa. Kwakuphela ngexesha lovavanyo ukuba ingxaki yesiphaluka esifutshane yafunyanwa, kodwa amacandelo asele athengiswe ebhodini, okukhokelela kumakhulu amawaka elahleko. Ke ngoko, uhlolo olunyamekileyo nolunzulu, uvavanyo olunoxanduva, kunye nokufunda okungapheliyo kunye nokuqokelela kunokwenza umyili wehardware enze inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo, kwaye emva koko enze impumelelo ethile kwishishini.

1. Injongo yoyilo lwePCB kufuneka icace. Kwimigca yemiqondiso ebalulekileyo, ubude be-wiring kunye nokucubungula i-loops yomhlaba kufuneka kube ngqongqo kakhulu. Ngesantya esisezantsi kunye nemigca yesignali engabalulekanga, inokubekwa kwindawo yokuqala ephantsi kancinane. . Amacandelo abalulekileyo aquka: ulwahlulo lonikezelo lwamandla; iimfuno zobude bemigca yewotshi yememori, imigca yokulawula kunye nemigca yedatha; i-wiring yemigca ehlukeneyo yesantya esiphezulu, njl. Kwiprojekthi A, imemori yememori isetyenziselwa ukuqonda imemori ye-DDR kunye nobukhulu be-1G. I-wiring yale nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-topology yemigca yokulawula kunye nemigca yeedilesi, kunye nolawulo lokwahlukana kobude bemigca yedatha kunye nemigca yewotshi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Kwinkqubo, ngokwephepha ledatha ye-chip kunye ne-frequency yangempela yokusebenza, imigaqo ethile yocingo inokufumaneka. Ngokomzekelo, ubude bemigca yedatha kwiqela elifanayo akufanele buhluke ngaphezu kweemitha ezininzi, kwaye ubude bobude phakathi kweshaneli nganye akufanele budlule ukuba zingaphi ii-mil. mil njalo njalo. Xa ezi mfuno zimiselwe, abaqulunqi bePCB banokufuneka ngokucacileyo ukuba baphumeze. Ukuba zonke iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zomzila kuyilo zicacile, zinokuguqulwa zibe yimiqobo yendlela yonke, kwaye isofthiwe yesixhobo somzila ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-CAD ingasetyenziselwa ukuqonda uyilo lwe-PCB. Ikwayindlela yophuhliso kuyilo lwePCB olunesantya esiphezulu.

2. Ukuhlola kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo Xa ulungiselela ukulungisa ingxaki yebhodi, qiniseka ukuba wenze uhlolo olubonakalayo olunyamekileyo kuqala, khangela ukuba kukho iisekethe ezimfutshane ezibonakalayo kunye neentsilelo ze-pin ngexesha lenkqubo ye-soldering, kwaye ukhangele ukuba kukho iimodeli zecandelo ezibekwe Iimpazamo, ukubekwa okungalunganga. yephini yokuqala, indibano elahlekileyo, njl., kwaye ke usebenzise i-multimeter ukulinganisa ukuxhathisa konikezelo lwamandla ngamnye emhlabeni ukujonga ukuba kukho isiphaluka esifutshane. Lo mkhwa mhle unokuthintela umonakalo ebhodini emva kokukhanyisa ngokukhawuleza. Kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kufuneka ube nengqondo enoxolo. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuhlangabezana neengxaki. Into ekufuneka uyenzile kukwenza uthelekiso olungakumbi kunye nohlalutyo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uphelise izizathu ezinokwenzeka. Umele ukholelwe ngokuqinileyo ukuba “yonke into inokusonjululwa” kwaye “iingxaki mazisonjululwe.” Kukho isizathu sayo”, ukuze ukulungisa ingxaki kuya kuphumelela ekugqibeleni. .

3. Amanye amagama asisishwankathelo Ngoku ngokwembono yobugcisa, yonke idizayini inokuthi yenziwe ekugqibeleni, kodwa impumelelo yeprojekthi ayixhomekanga kuphela ekuphunyezweni kobugcisa, kodwa nakwixesha lokugqiba, umgangatho wemveliso, iqela Ngoko ke, ukusebenza ngokubambisana kakuhle, unxibelelwano lweprojekthi oluselubala nolucacileyo, uphando olucokisekileyo kunye namalungiselelo ophuhliso, kunye nezinto ezininzi kunye namalungiselelo abasebenzi anokuqinisekisa impumelelo yeprojekthi. Injineli elungileyo yehardware ngokwenene ngumphathi weprojekthi. Kufuneka anxibelelane nehlabathi langaphandle ukuze afumane iimfuno zoyilo lwakhe, aze ashwankathele kwaye azihlalutye kwiinkqubo ezithile zehardware. Kukwafuneka ukuba uqhagamshelane nabathengisi abaninzi be-chip kunye nesisombululo ukukhetha isisombululo esifanelekileyo. Xa umzobo weskim ugqityiwe, kufuneka aququzelele oogxa bakhe ukuze basebenzisane nophononongo kunye nokuhlolwa, kwaye asebenze neenjineli zeCAD ukugqiba uyilo lwePCB. . Ngexesha elifanayo, lungiselela uluhlu lwe-BOM, qalisa ukuthenga nokulungiselela izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye uqhagamshelane nomenzi wokucubungula ukugqiba ukubekwa kwebhodi. Kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo, kufuneka aququzelele iinjineli zesoftware ukusombulula iingxaki eziphambili kunye, asebenzisane neenjineli zovavanyo ukusombulula iingxaki ezifunyenwe kuvavanyo, kwaye ulinde de imveliso iqaliswe kwindawo. Ukuba kukho ingxaki, kufuneka ixhaswe kwangethuba. Ke ngoko, ukuze ube ngumyili wezixhobo zentsimbi, kufuneka usebenzise izakhono zonxibelelwano ezilungileyo, ukwazi ukuziqhelanisa noxinzelelo, ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa nokwenza izigqibo xa ujongene nemicimbi emininzi ngaxeshanye, kunye nesimo sengqondo esihle nesinoxolo. Kukwakho nenkathalo kunye nobunzulu, kuba ukungakhathali okuncinci kuyilo lwehardware kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, xa ibhodi yenzelwe kwaye amaxwebhu okuvelisa agqitywe ngaphambili, i-misoperation yabangela ukuba umbane wamandla kunye nomgangatho womhlaba udibaniswe. Ngelo xesha, emva kokuba ibhodi ye-PCB yenziwe, ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kumgca wemveliso ngaphandle kokuhlolwa. Kwakuphela ngexesha lovavanyo ukuba ingxaki yesiphaluka esifutshane yafunyanwa, kodwa amacandelo asele athengiswe ebhodini, okukhokelela kumakhulu amawaka elahleko. Ke ngoko, uhlolo olunyamekileyo nolunzulu, uvavanyo olunoxanduva, kunye nokufunda okungapheliyo kunye nokuqokelela kunokwenza umyili wehardware enze inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo, kwaye emva koko enze impumelelo ethile kwishishini.