Njengoko iimfuno zobungakanani bePCB zisiba ncinci kwaye zincinci, iimfuno zoxinaniso lwesixhobo ziba phezulu nangaphezulu, kwaye uyilo lwePCB luba nzima ngakumbi. Indlela yokufezekisa izinga eliphezulu lokucwangcisa i-PCB kunye nokunciphisa ixesha loyilo, ngoko siza kuthetha ngezakhono zokuyila ukucwangciswa kwe-PCB, i-layout kunye ne-wiring.
Ngaphambi kokuqala i-wiring, uyilo kufuneka luhlalutywe ngokucophelela kwaye isofthiwe yesixhobo kufuneka ibekwe ngokucophelela, eya kwenza ukuba uyilo luhambelane neemfuno.
1. Qinisekisa inani leeleya zePCB
Ubungakanani bebhodi yesekethe kunye nenani lee-wire layers kufuneka zinqunywe ekuqaleni koyilo. Inani lee-wiring layers kunye ne-Stack-up method iya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-wiring kunye ne-impedance yemigca eprintiweyo.
Ubungakanani bebhodi bunceda ukugqiba indlela yokubeka kunye nobubanzi bomgca oshicilelweyo ukufezekisa umphumo woyilo ofunekayo. Okwangoku, ulwahlulo lweendleko phakathi kweebhodi ze-multi-layer zincinci kakhulu, kwaye kungcono ukusebenzisa iileyile zesekethe ngakumbi kwaye usasaze ngokulinganayo ubhedu xa uyila.
2. Yila imithetho kunye nezithintelo
Ukugqiba ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-wiring, izixhobo zocingo kufuneka zisebenze phantsi kwemithetho echanekileyo kunye nezithintelo. Ukuhlela yonke imigca yesignali kunye neemfuno ezikhethekileyo, iklasi nganye yesignali kufuneka ibe neyona nto iphambili. Okukhona iphezulu iphambili, kokukhona imithetho ingqongqo.
Imithetho ibandakanya ububanzi bemigca eprintiweyo, inani eliphezulu le-vias, i-parallelism, impembelelo yokubambisana phakathi kwemigca yomqondiso, kunye nezithintelo zomaleko. Le mithetho inempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo socingo. Ukuqwalasela ngokucokisekileyo iimfuno zoyilo linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwi-wiring eyimpumelelo.
3. Uyilo lwamacandelo
Kwinkqubo yendibano egqwesileyo, uyilo lwemithetho yokwenziwa kwezinto (DFM) iya kunqanda uyilo lwecandelo. Ukuba isebe lendibano livumela amacandelo ukuba ahambe, isiphaluka sinokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza i-wiring ngokuzenzekelayo lula.
Imigaqo echaziweyo kunye nemiqobo iya kuchaphazela uyilo loyilo. Isixhobo se-wiring esizenzekelayo siqwalasela kuphela isignali enye ngexesha. Ngokumisela izithintelo zocingo kunye nokubeka umgca womgca wesignali, isixhobo socingo sinokugqiba i-wiring njengoko umyili wayecinga.
Umzekelo, kuyilo lwentambo yamandla:
①Kubume bePCB, umbane wokuqhawula umbane wesekethe kufuneka uyilwe kufutshane neesekethe ezifanelekileyo, endaweni yokubekwa kwindawo yonikezelo lwamandla, kungenjalo iya kuchaphazela isiphumo sokudlula, kwaye umsinga wokutyhutyha uya kumpompoza kumgca wamandla kunye nomgca osezantsi, kubangela ukuphazamiseka. ;
②Kulwalathiso lonikezelo lwamandla ngaphakathi kwesekethe, amandla kufuneka anikezelwe ukusuka kwinqanaba lokugqibela ukuya kwinqanaba langaphambili, kwaye i-capacitor yokucoca amandla yale nxalenye kufuneka ilungiselelwe kufutshane nenqanaba lokugqibela;
③Kweminye imijelo engundoqo yangoku, efana nokuqhawula okanye umlinganiselo wangoku ngexesha lolungiso kunye novavanyo, izikhewu zangoku kufuneka zicwangciswe kwiingcingo ezishicilelweyo ngexesha loyilo.
Ukongeza, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umbane olawulwayo kufuneka ucwangciswe kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo eyahlukileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngexesha loyilo. Xa unikezelo lwamandla kunye nesekethe yabelana ngebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, kwi-layout, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ulungelelwaniso oluxubileyo lonikezelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo kunye namacandelo esekethe okanye ukwenza umbane kunye nesekethe yabelane ngocingo lomhlaba. Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lwe-wiring alulula nje ukuvelisa ukuphazamiseka, kodwa alukwazi ukuqhawula umthwalo ngexesha lokugcinwa, kuphela inxalenye yeengcingo eziprintiweyo zinokunqunyulwa ngelo xesha, ngaloo ndlela zonakalisa ibhodi eprintiweyo.
4. Uyilo lwabalandeli
Kwinqanaba lokuyila i-fan-out, ipini nganye yesixhobo sokunyuka komphezulu kufuneka sibe nesinye ubuncinane, ukwenzela ukuba xa udibaniso olungakumbi lufuneka, ibhodi yesekethe inokwenza uqhagamshelo lwangaphakathi, uvavanyo lwe-intanethi, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwesekethe.
Ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo somzila ngokuzenzekelayo, eyona inkulu ngesayizi kunye nomgca oshicilelweyo kufuneka isetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ikhefu limiselwe kwi-50mil. Kuyimfuneko ukwamkela udidi lwe-via olukhulisa inani leendlela zocingo. Emva kokuqwalaselwa ngenyameko kunye nokuqikelelwa, uyilo lovavanyo lwe-intanethi yesekethe lunokwenziwa kwinqanaba lokuqala loyilo kwaye luqondwe kwinqanaba lokugqibela lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Qinisekisa uhlobo lwe-fan-out ngokwendlela yocingo kunye novavanyo lwesekethe ye-intanethi. Amandla kunye nomhlaba nazo ziya kuchaphazela i-wiring kunye noyilo lokuphuma kwefeni.
5. Ukufakwa kweengcingo ngesandla kunye nokulungiswa kweempawu eziphambili
Ukufakwa kweentambo ngesandla yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. Ukusebenzisa i-wiring ye-manual kunceda izixhobo zocingo ezizenzekelayo ukugqiba umsebenzi wocingo. Ngokwenza umzila ngesandla kunye nokulungisa inethiwekhi ekhethiweyo (umnatha), indlela enokuthi isetyenziswe kumzila ozenzekelayo inokwenziwa.
Iimpawu eziphambili zifakwe kuqala, mhlawumbi ngesandla okanye zidibaniswe nezixhobo zocingo ezizenzekelayo. Emva kokuba i-wiring igqityiwe, ubunjineli obufanelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi bezobugcisa baya kujonga i-wiring yesignali. Emva kokuba ukuhlolwa kudluliselwe, iingcingo ziya kulungiswa, kwaye ke iimpawu eziseleyo ziya kufakwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngenxa yobukho be-impedance kwintambo yomhlaba, iya kuzisa ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kwe-impedance kwisekethe.
Ngoko ke, musa ukudibanisa ngokungenamkhethe naziphi na iisimboli zokumisa ngexesha le-wiring, enokuvelisa ukudibanisa okuyingozi kunye nokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesekethe. Kwii-frequencies eziphezulu, i-inductance yocingo iya kuba yimiyalelo emininzi yobukhulu kunokumelana nocingo ngokwalo. Ngeli xesha, nokuba umbane omncinci we-high-frequency wangoku uhamba ngocingo, ukuhla kwe-voltage ephezulu kuya kwenzeka.
Ngoko ke, kwiisekethe eziphezulu ze-frequency, i-layout ye-PCB kufuneka icwangciswe ngokucokisekileyo kangangoko kwaye iingcingo eziprintiweyo mazibe mfutshane kangangoko. Kukho i-inductance kunye ne-capacitance phakathi kweengcingo eziprintiweyo. Xa i-frequency yokusebenza inkulu, iya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amalungu, okubizwa ngokuba yi-parasitic coupling interference.
Iindlela zokunciphisa ezinokuthi zithathwe:
① Zama ukwenza mfutshane iingcingo zomqondiso phakathi kwawo onke amanqanaba;
②Lungisa onke amanqanaba eesekethe ngolandelelwano lwemiqondiso ukuphepha ukuwela kwinqanaba ngalinye lemigca yomqondiso;
③Iingcingo zeepaneli ezimbini ezimeleneyo kufuneka zibe perpendicular okanye zinqumle, zingahambelani;
④ Xa iingcingo zomqondiso kufuneka zibekwe ngokunxuseneyo ebhodini, ezi ngcingo kufuneka zohlulwe ngomgama othile kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okanye zahlulwe ngeengcingo zomhlaba kunye neengcingo zamandla ukuphumeza injongo yokukhusela.
6. Iingcingo ezizenzekelayo
Kwi-wiring yeempawu eziphambili, kufuneka ucinge ngokulawula ezinye iiparameters zombane ngexesha locingo, njengokunciphisa i-inductance esasazwayo, njl njl. Emva kokuqonda ukuba zeziphi iiparitha zokufakelwa kwesixhobo socingo oluzenzekelayo kunye nempembelelo yeeparitha zokufaka kwi-wiring, umgangatho we-wiring. i-wiring ezenzekelayo inokufumaneka kwinqanaba elithile Isiqinisekiso. Imithetho jikelele kufuneka isetyenziswe xa imiqondiso yomzila ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ngokumisela iimeko zothintelo kunye nokuthintela iindawo zocingo ukukhawulela iileyile ezisetyenziswa ngumqondiso onikiweyo kunye nenani le-vias esetyenzisiweyo, isixhobo socingo sinokuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo iingcingo ngokweengcamango zoyilo lwenjineli. Emva kokumisela izithintelo kunye nokusebenzisa imigaqo eyenziwe, umzila ozenzekelayo uya kufezekisa iziphumo ezifana neziphumo ezilindelekileyo. Emva kokuba inxalenye yoyilo igqityiwe, iya kulungiswa ukuze ithintele ukuba ingachatshazelwa yinkqubo elandelayo yomzila.
Inani le-wiring lixhomekeke kubunzima besekethe kunye nenani lemithetho jikelele echazwe. Izixhobo zocingo ezizenzekelayo zanamhlanje zinamandla kakhulu kwaye zinokugqiba i-100% yocingo. Nangona kunjalo, xa isixhobo se-wiring esizenzekelayo singagqibanga yonke i-wiring yesignali, kuyimfuneko ukuhambisa ngesandla iimpawu eziseleyo.
7. Ukulungiswa kweengcingo
Kweminye imiqondiso enemiqobo embalwa, ubude bocingo bude kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, unokuqala ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi i-wiring efanelekileyo kwaye yeyiphi i-wiring engafanelekanga, kwaye emva koko uhlele ngesandla ukuze unciphise ubude bocingo lwesignali kunye nokunciphisa inani le-vias.