Sisoloko sithelekisa i-crystal oscillator entliziyweni yesekethe yedijithali, kuba wonke umsebenzi wesiphaluka sedijithali awunakuhlukaniswa kwisignali yewashi, kwaye i-crystal oscillator ilawula ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yonke. Ukuba i-crystal oscillator ayisebenzi, yonke inkqubo iya kukhubazeka, ngoko ke i-crystal oscillator iyimfuneko yokuba isiphaluka sedijithali siqale ukusebenza.
I-crystal oscillator, njengoko sihlala sithetha, i-quartz crystal oscillator kunye ne-quartz crystal resonator. Zombini zenziwe ngempembelelo ye-piezoelectric yeekristale zequartz. Ukusebenzisa intsimi yombane kwii-electrode ezimbini zekristale ye-quartz kubangela ukuguqulwa komatshini wekristale, ngelixa ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo lomatshini kumacala omabini kubangela ukuba indawo yombane yenzeke kwikristale. Kwaye zombini ezi ziganeko ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa. Ukusebenzisa le propati, umbane otshintshanayo usetyenziswa kumacala omabini ekristale kwaye iwafer ingcangcazela ngoomatshini, kunye nokuvelisa iindawo zombane ezitshintshanayo. Olu hlobo lokungcangcazela kunye nentsimi yombane ngokuqhelekileyo luncinci, kodwa kwi-frequency ethile, i-amplitude iya kwandiswa kakhulu, eyi-piezoelectric resonance, efana ne-LC loop resonance esiqhele ukuyibona.
Njengentliziyo yesekethe yedijithali, i-crystal oscillator idlala njani indima kwiimveliso ezihlakaniphile? Ikhaya elihlakaniphile elifana ne-air conditioning, amakhethini, ukhuseleko, ukubeka iliso kunye nezinye iimveliso, zonke zifuna imodyuli yokuhambisa i-wireless, ngokusebenzisa i-Bluetooth, i-WIFI okanye i-ZIGBEE protocol, imodyuli ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye icala, okanye ngokuthe ngqo ngolawulo lwefowuni ephathwayo, kwaye imodyuli engenazingcingo licandelo elingundoqo, elichaphazela uzinzo lwenkqubo yonke, ngoko khetha inkqubo yokusebenzisa i-crystal oscillator. Imisela impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli kweesekethe zedijithali.
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwe-crystal oscillator kwisekethe yedijithali, kufuneka silumke xa sisebenzisa kwaye siyilwa:
1. Kukho iikristali ze-quartz kwi-crystal oscillator, ekulula ukubangela ukuphuka kwekristal ye-quartz kunye nomonakalo xa ichaphazeleka okanye iwa phantsi ngaphandle, kwaye ke i-crystal oscillator ayinakushukunyiswa. Ngoko ke, ukufakwa okuthembekileyo kwe-crystal oscillator kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kuyilo lwesekethe, kwaye indawo yayo akufanele isondele kumda weplate kunye negobolondo yezixhobo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
2. Nika ingqalelo kwiqondo lokushisa lokutshisa xa udibanisa ngesandla okanye ngomatshini. I-Crystal vibration ivakalelwa kwiqondo lokushisa, ukushisa kwe-welding akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, kwaye ixesha lokufudumeza kufuneka libe lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Uyilo lwe-crystal oscillator olufanelekileyo lunokucinezela uphazamiseko lwe-radiation yenkqubo.
1. Inkcazo yengxaki
Imveliso ikhamera yentsimi, equlethwe ngamacandelo amahlanu ngaphakathi: ibhodi yokulawula engundoqo, ibhodi yenzwa, ikhamera, imemori khadi ye-SD kunye nebhetri. Iqokobhe liqokobhe leplastiki, kwaye ibhodi encinci ineendlela ezimbini kuphela: ujongano lwamandla lwangaphandle lweDC5V kunye nojongano lwe-USB lokuhanjiswa kwedatha. Emva kovavanyo lwemitha, kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho malunga ne-33MHz ingxaki yemitha yengxolo ye-harmonic.
Idatha yovavanyo yoqobo yile ilandelayo:
2. Hlalutya ingxaki
Le mveliso iqokobhe iqokobhe leplastiki, izinto ezingakhuseliyo, lonke uvavanyo kuphela intambo yamandla kunye nentambo ye-USB ephuma eqokobheni, ngaba yindawo yokuphazamiseka rhoqo evezwa yintambo yamandla kunye nentambo ye-USB? Ngoko ke, la manyathelo alandelayo athatyathwa ukuvavanya:
(1) Yongeza i-ring magnetic kuphela kwintambo yamandla, iziphumo zovavanyo: ukuphuculwa akubonakali;
(2) Yongeza kuphela ikhonkco lamagnetic kwintambo ye-USB, iziphumo zovavanyo: ukuphuculwa akukacaci;
(3) Yongeza umsesane wamagnetic kuzo zombini intambo ye-USB kunye nentambo yamandla, iziphumo zovavanyo: ukuphuculwa kuyabonakala, ukuphindaphindwa kokuphazamiseka kuyancipha.
Inokubonwa apha ngasentla ukuba iindawo zophazamiseko rhoqo zikhutshwa kwiindlela ezimbini zojongano, engeyiyo ingxaki yojongano lwamandla okanye ujongano lwe-USB, kodwa iindawo zophazamiseko lwangaphakathi ezidityaniswe kujongano ezimbini. Ukukhusela ujongano olunye kuphela akunako ukusombulula ingxaki.
Ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo okufutshane nommandla, kufunyaniswa ukuba i-crystal oscillator eyi-32.768KHz esuka kwibhodi yolawulo engundoqo yenza i-radiation space, eyenza iintambo ezijikelezileyo kunye ne-GND idityaniswe ne-32.768KHz ingxolo ye-harmonic, ethi emva koko idityaniswe kwaye isasazwe ngentambo ye-USB kunye ikhodi yamandla. Iingxaki zecrystal oscillator zibangelwa zezi ngxaki zimbini zilandelayo:
(1) Ukungcangcazela kwekristale kusondele kakhulu kumda wepleyiti, ekulula ukukhokelela kwingxolo yeradiation yekristale.
(2) Kukho umgca wesignali phantsi kwe-crystal oscillator, elula ukukhokelela kwingxolo ye-harmonic yomgca wesignali yokudibanisa i-crystal oscillator.
(3) Into yokucoca ibekwe phantsi kwe-crystal oscillator, kwaye i-capacitor yokucoca kunye nokuchasana okuhambelanayo akucwangciswanga ngokwendlela yomqondiso, eyenza umphumo wokucoca into yokucoca imbi ngakumbi.
3, isisombululo
Ngokohlahlelo, le miba ilandelayo ifunyenwe:
(1) Umthamo wokucoca kunye nokumelana nokuhambelana kwekristale kufutshane ne-CPU chip zibekwe ngokukhethwa kude nomda webhodi;
(2) Khumbula ukuba ungawubeki umhlaba kwindawo yokubeka ikristale kunye nommandla ongezantsi;
(3) I-capacitance ye-filter kunye nokumelana nokuchasana kwekristale zicwangciswe ngokuhambelana nesalathiso somqondiso, kwaye zibekwe ngokucocekileyo kunye nokudibanisa kufuphi nekristale;
(4) Ikristale ibekwe kufutshane netshiphu, kwaye umgca phakathi kwezi zimbini umfutshane kwaye uthe tye kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
4. Isiphelo
Kule mihla iinkqubo ezininzi ze-crystal oscillator clock frequency ziphezulu, ukuphazamisa amandla e-harmonic yomelele; I-harmonics yokuphazamiseka ayidluliswanga kuphela kwi-input and output lines, kodwa iphinde iphume kwindawo. Ukuba uyilo alunangqiqo, kulula ukubangela ingxaki yemitha yengxolo enamandla, kwaye kunzima ukuyisombulula ngezinye iindlela. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-layout ye-crystal oscillator kunye nomgca wesignali ye-CLK kwibhodi yebhodi ye-PCB.
Qaphela kwi-PCB uyilo lwe-crystal oscillator
(1) I-capacitor yokudibanisa kufuneka ibe kufuphi nepini yonikezelo lwamandla ye-crystal oscillator kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Isikhundla kufuneka sibekwe ngokulandelelana: ngokubhekiselele kwisikhokelo sokungena kwamandla, i-capacitor enomthamo omncinci kufuneka ibekwe ngokulandelelana ukusuka kwinkulu ukuya kumncinci.
(2) Igobolondo ye-crystal oscillator kufuneka isekelwe, ekwazi ukukhupha i-crystal oscillator ngaphandle, kwaye inokukhusela ukuphazamiseka kwezibonakaliso zangaphandle kwi-crystal oscillator.
(3) Musa ukwenza ucingo phantsi kwe-crystal oscillator ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ugutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha, musa i-wire ngaphakathi kwe-300mil ye-crystal oscillator, ukwenzela ukuba i-crystal oscillator iphazamise ukusebenza kwezinye iintambo, izixhobo kunye neengqimba.
(4) Umgca wesignali yewotshi kufuneka ube mfutshane ngokusemandleni, umgca kufuneka ube banzi, kwaye ibhalansi kufuneka ifunyanwe kubude be-wiring kwaye kude nomthombo wokushisa.
(5) I-crystal oscillator ayifanele ibekwe emaphethelweni ebhodi yePCB, ngakumbi kuyilo lwekhadi lebhodi.
