Kwishishini lanamhlanje leemoto, izisombululo zePCB ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo zemoto ziye zaba yeyona nto iphambili ekukhuthazeni ukusungulwa kwetekhnoloji. Ezi zisombululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso azihlangabezi kuphela imfuno ekhulayo yamacandelo e-elektroniki kushishino lweemoto, kodwa ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga kwiimpawu eziphambili zezisombululo zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso zePCB zemoto kunye nendlela ezibumba ngayo ikamva leenkqubo zombane zanamhlanje.
1. Imfuneko yoyilo olulungiselelweyo
Isisombululo sePCB esichanekileyo esinemoto sibonakala kuqala kubuchule baso bokwenza uyilo lomntu ngokweemodeli ezithile zesithuthi kunye neemfuno zenkqubo. Ekubeni abavelisi beemoto ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezizodwa zobukhulu, ukubekwa kunye nokusebenza kweebhodi zesekethe, uyilo lwe-PCB olulungiselelweyo lunokuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo ngalinye linokungena ngokugqibeleleyo kwindawo yesicelo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo iyonke.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuqina
Omnye wemiceli mngeni ii-PCBs zeemoto ezijongene nazo kukuba kufuneka zikwazi ukusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezirhabaxa, kubandakanywa amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, utshintsho lokufuma, kunye nomothuko wokungcangcazela. Ngoko ke, ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo iya kuhlawulwa ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo kwisisombululo esicwangcisiweyo, usebenzisa izinto ezisisiseko kunye neengqimba ezinobhedu ezinobushushu obuphezulu obungamelana neqondo lokushisa, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion kunye nokuphucula amandla omatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokuqina.
3. Iteknoloji yokulungisa kakuhle
Ukuze kuphunyezwe uyilo lwesekethe echanekileyo, iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso ziyimfuneko. Itekhnoloji enje nge-laser imaging direct (LDI), ukugrumba imingxuma emincinci kunye ne-fine line etching zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizisombululo ezilungiselelweyo. Bangakwazi ukufezekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenqanaba le-micron kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno zeenkqubo ze-elektroniki eziyinkimbinkimbi zoqhagamshelwano oluphezulu kunye ne-miniaturization.
4. Ukulawula umgangatho ongqongqo
Imigangatho yomgangatho kushishino lweemoto lungqongqo kakhulu kwaye naziphi na iziphene zinokuba neziphumo ezibi. Ke ngoko, isisombululo sePCB esichanekileyo esichanekileyo semoto sikwabandakanya inkqubo ebanzi yolawulo lomgangatho, ukusuka ekuhlolweni kwezinto ezikrwada ukuya kuvavanyo olugqityiweyo lwemveliso, inyathelo ngalinye lilandela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zabathengi zokuqinisekisa iziphene zero kwimveliso yokugqibela.
5. Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nozinzo
Njengoko ulwazi lwehlabathi jikelele lokukhuselwa kwendalo lukhula, izisombululo zePCB ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo zemoto zigxininisa ngakumbi ekukhuselweni kwendalo kunye nokuzinza. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha be-load-free okanye obuphantsi be-solder, i-inks ye-solder ye-solder ye-biodegradable, kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma zizinto zonke ezibalulekileyo kwizisombululo zangoku.
Izisombululo zePCB ezichanekileyo eziziimoto ezichanekileyo ziba ngumqhubi wezinto ezintsha kwintsimi ye-elektroniki yemoto kunye noyilo lwazo olulolwakho, ukukhetha izinto ezihlala ixesha elide, itekhnoloji yokucubungula kakuhle, ulawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho kunye nokuzibophelela kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ezi zisombululo aziphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kunye nokukhuseleka kweemoto, kodwa zikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweshishini lonke ngendlela eluhlaza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Inkqubo yenkonzo elungiselelweyo yePCB
Iqhutywa ngamaza ombane weemoto, iPCB yeemoto (iBhodi yeSekethe eShicileleyo) iinkonzo ezilungelelanisiweyo ziba yintandokazi entsha kushishino. Ayihambelani kuphela nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo ye-elektroniki yangaphakathi yemoto, kodwa kunye nekhonkco eliphambili ekuqondeni ubukrelekrele kunye nobuntu bemoto. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngohlalutyo olunzulu lwenkqubo yenkonzo yokwenza ngokwezifiso zePCB kwaye iphonononge indlela ezi nkqubo zifaka ngayo amandla amatsha kwishishini le-elektroniki yemoto.
1. Uhlalutyo lwemfuno
Inyathelo lokuqala kwiinkonzo zePCB zemoto kukuqonda nzulu iimfuno zomthengi. Oku kuquka uphando oluneenkcukacha kunye nocazululo lweemfuno zentsebenzo, ubume bendawo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko, njl.njl. yenkqubo yombane yeemoto. Ukuchaneka kohlalutyo lweemfuno kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwimpumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli koyilo olulandelayo kunye nemveliso. Ke ngoko, ababoneleli ngenkonzo abalungiselelweyo kufuneka babe nokuqonda okubukhali kwentengiso kunye nolwazi lobuchwephesha lobuchwephesha.
2. Inqanaba loyilo: ibhalansi phakathi kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuthembeka
Uyilo luyinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yenkonzo elungiselelweyo. Abaqulunqi kufuneka basebenzise ukucinga okutsha kunye nolwazi lobuchwephesha ukuyila izisombululo zePCB ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezisebenzayo kwaye zinoqoqosho kwaye ziyasebenza kwisiseko sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Ngexesha elifanayo, isigaba sokuyila sibandakanya uvavanyo lokuthembeka kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokhuseleko lwesisombululo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuqina kwemveliso.
3. Imveliso yeprototype kunye novavanyo: inguqu ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya kwiqumrhu
Iprototyping linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekujikeni imizobo yoyilo ibe yimveliso ebonakalayo. Kweli nqanaba, ngokuvelisa iiprototypes zePCB kwiibhetshi ezincinci kwaye ziphantsi kovavanyo oluqatha, iingxaki kuyilo zinokufunyanwa kwaye zisonjululwe ngexesha, zibeka isiseko esiluqilima sokuveliswa kobunzima obulandelayo.
4. Ukuveliswa kobuninzi: ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kweendleko
Ukungena kwinqanaba lokuvelisa ubuninzi, iinkonzo ze-PCB zemoto kufuneka ziphucule inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ngelixa uqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Oku kubandakanya ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwezixhobo zokuvelisa, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukuhamba kwenkqubo, njl.njl. ukufezekisa iinjongo ezimbini zokusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
5. Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa: ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokunyamekela abathengi
Inqanaba lokugqibela leenkonzo zokwenza ngokwezifiso zePCB kulawulo lomgangatho kunye nenkonzo yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa. Ngokuhlola umgangatho ongqongqo, siqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi nganye yeemveliso ihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, inkonzo elungileyo emva kokuthengisa inokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zabathengi kwaye ibonelele ngenkxaso yobugcisa eqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso.
Inkqubo yenkonzo ye-PCB yeemoto yitsheyini epheleleyo ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwemfuno ukuya kwinkonzo yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa. Ayibonisi kuphela ubuchwephesha beshishini lee-elektroniki zemoto, kodwa ikwabonisa ukuqonda okubukhali kutshintsho lwentengiso. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuhambela phambili kwaye iimfuno zentengiso zisiya zisiya zisiya zingafani, ezi nkqubo ziya kuqhubeka ziphuculwa, zizisa amathuba amaninzi kwindawo yombane weemoto.
Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ibhodi ye-PCB yeemoto ezininzi
Kwintsimi ye-elektroniki yeemoto, i-PCB ye-automotive ye-multilayer ye-teknoloji yokuvelisa ibhodi ibe yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loshishino. Le teknoloji ayihambelani kuphela nokusebenza kwesithuthi kunye nokhuseleko, kodwa ikwayinkxaso engundoqo kwindlela yezithuthi zanamhlanje ezikrelekrele kunye nombane. Eli nqaku liza kukhangela kwiimpawu ezikhethekileyo zobu buchwepheshe kwaye libonise indima yalo ephambili ekuphuculeni ukuzinza, ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kweenkqubo ze-elektroniki zemoto.
一, Isishwankathelo
Itekhnoloji ye-Automotive PCB ye-multilayer yemveliso yebhodi ibhekisa kubuchwepheshe obusetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-automotive electronic. Ezi bhodi zesekethe ziqhele ukupakishwa ngeemaleko ezininzi zomaleko otshintshanayo wezinto eziqhubayo (ezidla ngokuba lubhedu) kunye nezinto ezigqumayo (ezifana ne-epoxy okanye i-fiberglass), umaleko ngamnye oqhagamshelwe nge-vias. Iibhodi ze-Automotive PCB ze-multilayer zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumacandelo angundoqo afana neenkqubo zokuzonwabisa ezingaphakathi kwemoto, iinkqubo zokukhangela, iinkqubo zokulawula i-airbag, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula injini.
二， Uhlalutyo lwetekhnoloji engundoqo
1. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neempawu: Ukuveliswa kweebhodi ze-PCB ze-automotive multilayer kufuna ukukhethwa kwezinto ezinokumelana nokushisa okukhulu, umswakama, ukungcangcazela kunye nokubola kweekhemikhali. Ii-substrates ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-FR-4 (i-fiberglass eqiniswe i-epoxy resin) kunye nezinye izinto ezidibeneyo ezisebenzayo.
2. Imigaqo yoyilo kunye nokuhamba kwenkqubo: Izinto ezifana nokunyaniseka komqondiso, ulawulo lwe-thermal, kunye namandla omatshini kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngexesha loyilo. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo kubandakanya amanyathelo afana nokwakhiwa kwangaphakathi, i-lamination, i-drilling, i-electroplating, unyango olungaphezulu kunye nokuvavanya.
3. Itekhnoloji yokuLamination kunye nolawulo lomgangatho: Ukunyibilika yinkqubo yokudibanisa iibhodi ezininzi zomaleko kunye ukwenza ibhodi enemigangatho emininzi. Ukulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo koxinzelelo kunye nokushisa kuyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudibanisa okulungileyo phakathi kweeleyile. Ukulawulwa komgangatho kubandakanya ukuvavanya iimpawu zombane, iipropati ezibonakalayo kunye nokufaneleka kokusingqongileyo kweebhodi ezigqityiweyo.
3. Uhlalutyo lweenzuzo ezizodwa
1. Ukuphucula ukunyaniseka komqondiso kunye nokukwazi ukuchasana nokuphazamiseka: Isakhiwo sebhodi ye-multi-layer inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuphazamiseka kunye ne-crosstalk kwindlela yomqondiso kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kokuhanjiswa komqondiso.
2. Lungiselela ukwakheka kwendawo kwaye ufezekise ukudityaniswa koxinaniso oluphezulu: Iibhodi ze-Multi-layer zivumela amacandelo amaninzi e-elektroniki kunye neesekethe ukuba zilungelelaniswe kwindawo elinganiselweyo, inceda ukufezekisa ukudibanisa okuphezulu kweenkqubo ze-elektroniki ze-automotive.
3. Ziqhelanise nemekobume erhabaxa kwaye uphucule ukuqina: Iibhodi ezininzi zePCB zeemoto eziphathwa ngokukodwa zinokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezirhabaxa ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi, ukufuma kunye nokungcangcazela.
4. Amatyala ezicelo asebenzayo
1. Inkqubo yokulawula i-Airbag: Ukusetyenziswa kweepaneli ze-multi-layer ziqinisekisa ukuba i-airbag inokuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo xa kwenzeka ukungqubana.
2. Inkqubo yokuncedisa umqhubi ophezulu (i-ADAS): Iibhodi ze-Multi-layer zibonelela ngendawo eyaneleyo kunye nokudibanisa okuthembekileyo ukuxhasa ukusetyenzwa kwedatha kunye nokuhanjiswa kweekhamera, i-radars kunye nezinye iinzwa.
3. Inkqubo yokulawula ibhetri yemoto yombane: Kule nkqubo, ibhodi ye-multilayer ijongene nokubeka iliso kwimo yebhetri, ukulawula inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha kunye nokukhusela ibhetri kumonakalo.
5. Imingeni kunye nezikhokelo zoPhuhliso
1. Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nemiba yozinzo: Njengoko imimiselo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo iya isanda, i-automotive PCB ye-multilayer ibhodi yokuvelisa iteknoloji kufuneka ifune izinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye neenkqubo zemveliso.
2. Ukulawulwa kweendleko kunye neemfuno ezintsha: Ukunciphisa iindleko ngelixa uqinisekisa umgangatho ngumngeni omkhulu ojongene nabavelisi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kuyafuneka ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yemarike yemisebenzi emitsha kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.
3. Itekhnoloji yophindaphindo kunye nohlaziyo olusemgangathweni lweshishini: Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji ye-automotive electronics, i-PCB ye-multilayer ye-teknoloji yokuvelisa ibhodi nayo kufuneka ihlaziywe ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ihambelane nemigangatho emitsha yoshishino kunye neemfuno zesicelo.
I-charm ekhethekileyo ye-automotive PCB ye-teknoloji ye-multilayer yokuvelisa ibhodi kukuba ibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle, ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwiinkqubo ze-elektroniki zemoto. Ukusuka ekukhethweni kwemathiriyeli ukuya kubunzulu bokuyila ukuya kubugcisa bemveliso obugqwesileyo, inyathelo ngalinye libonisa ukufuna okungaguquguqukiyo kweenjineli kwinguqulelo yetekhnoloji kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zolawulo lomgangatho. Ngaphandle kwemingeni yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, iindleko kunye nohlaziyo lwetekhnoloji, obu buchwepheshe bubonakalise ixabiso layo eliphambili ekukhuthazeni ubukrelekrele kunye nokufakelwa kombane kwiimoto.