Ibhodi yesiphaluka ingabizwa ngokuba yibhodi yesiphaluka eprintiweyo okanye ibhodi yesiphaluka eprintiweyo, kunye negama lesiNgesi yi-PCB. Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi amdaka e-PCB kuntsonkothile kwaye kunzima ukunyanga. Indlela yokususa ngempumelelo izinto eziyingozi kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo ngumsebenzi omkhulu ojongene noshishino lwelizwe lam PCB.
Amanzi amdaka e-PCB ngamanzi amdaka e-PCB, luhlobo oluthile lwamanzi amdaka kumanzi amdaka asuka kushishino loshicilelo kunye neefektri zebhodi yesekethe. Sithethanje, ukuveliswa minyaka le kwenkunkuma yemichiza eyityhefu neyingozi ifikelela kwiitoni ezingama-300 ukuya kwezingama-400 ezigidi. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo eziqhubekayo (POPs) zezona ziyingozi kwi-ecology kwaye zixhaphake kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukongeza, amanzi amdaka ePCB ahlulwe abe: Ukucoca amanzi amdaka, amanzi amdaka e-inki, amanzi amdaka antsonkothileyo, ulwelo lwenkunkuma yeasidi egxininisiweyo, ulwelo lwenkunkuma yealkali, njl njl. kunye namacandelo anzima. Ngokweempawu zamanzi amdaka zabavelisi be-PCB abahlukeneyo, ukuhlelwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuqokelela kunye nonyango olusemgangathweni lungundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho.
Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwishishini lebhodi ye-PCB, kukho iindlela zamachiza (i-chemical precipitation, i-ion exchange, i-electrolysis, njl.), iindlela zomzimba (iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhawula, iindlela zokucoca, i-electrodialysis, i-osmosis eguqukayo, njl.). Iindlela zemichiza zezi Izingcolisi ziguqulwa zibe yimeko yokwahlulwa ngokulula (eziqinileyo okanye ezirhabaxa). Indlela yokwenyama kukutyebisa ukungcola kumanzi amdaka okanye ukwahlula imeko yokwahlulwa ngokulula kumanzi amdaka ukwenza amanzi amdaka ahlangabezane nomgangatho wokukhutshelwa. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zamkelwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
1. Indlela yokuqhawula umtshato
Indlela yokuqhawula iyindlela yokucoca, enye yeendlela eziphathekayo kwibhodi yebhodi yePCB indlela yokucoca amanzi amdaka. Amanzi okugungxulwa aqulethe i-copper scraps ekhutshwe kumatshini okhuphayo angahluzwa ukususa ama-scraps obhedu emva kokunyangwa yi-decanter. Amanzi amdaka ahluzwe sisicoci angaphinda asetyenziswe njengamanzi okucoca kumatshini weburr.
2. uMthetho weMichiza
Iindlela zekhemikhali ziquka iindlela zokunciphisa i-oxidation kunye neendlela zokudlula kweekhemikhali. Indlela yokunciphisa i-oxidation isebenzisa i-oxidants okanye i-agent yokunciphisa ukuguqula izinto ezinobungozi kwizinto ezingenabungozi okanye izinto ezilula ukuzikhupha kunye nokunyuka. Amanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide kunye ne-chromium equkethe amanzi amdaka ebhodini yesekethe ihlala isebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa i-oxidation, jonga le nkcazo elandelayo ngeenkcukacha.
Indlela yemvula yeekhemikhali isebenzisa i-agent enye okanye ezininzi zeekhemikhali ukuguqula izinto ezinobungozi zibe yintlenga eyahlulwe ngokulula okanye imvula. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwibhodi yesekethe yokucoca amanzi amdaka, njengeNaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2, Na2S, CaS, Na2CO3, PFS, PAC, PAM, FeSO4, FeCl3, ISX, njl njl. guqula i-ion zesinyithi esinzima zibe Intlenga ke igqithe kwitanki yentlenga yepleyiti etyekeleyo, isihluzo sesanti, isihluzo se-PE, isihluzo sokucoca, njl.njl. ukwahlula okuqinileyo kunye nolwelo.
3. Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-Chemical precipitation-ion
Ukunyangwa kweekhemikhali zemvula yamanzi amdaka ebhodi yesekethe ephezulu yoxinaniso kunzima ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho wokukhupha kwinqanaba elinye, kwaye lihlala lisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye notshintshiselwano lwe-ion. Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-chemical precipitation method ukunyanga amanzi amdaka ebhodi yesekethe ephezulu yoxinaniso ukunciphisa umxholo we-ion zetsimbi enzima malunga ne-5mg / L, kwaye usebenzise indlela yokutshintshiselana nge-ion ukunciphisa i-ion zetsimbi enzima ukukhupha imigangatho.
4. indlela yokutshintsha i-electrolysis-ion
Phakathi kweendlela zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwishishini lebhodi ye-PCB, indlela ye-electrolysis yokuphatha amanzi amdaka ebhodi yesekethe ephezulu yoxinaniso inokunciphisa umxholo we-ion zentsimbi enzima, kunye nenjongo yayo iyafana nendlela yemvula yeekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezingalunganga zendlela ye-electrolysis yilezi: isebenza kuphela kunyango lwe-ion zetsimbi enzima, i-concentration iyancipha, i-current iyancipha kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kuyancipha kakhulu; ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, kwaye kunzima ukukhuthaza; indlela ye-electrolysis inokwenza kuphela isinyithi enye. Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-Electrolysis-ion yicopper plating, etching inkunkuma engamanzi, kwamanye amanzi amdaka, kodwa ikwasebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokunyanga.
5. i-chemical method-membrane filtration method
Amanzi amdaka amashishini oshishino lwebhodi ye-PCB axutyushwa ngokwekhemikhali ukuze akhuphe amasuntswana ahluzwayo (ububanzi> 0.1μ) kwizinto eziyingozi, aze ahluzwe ngesixhobo sokucoca inwebu ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhutshwa.
6. indlela yokucoca igesi ye-condensation-yombane
Phakathi kweendlela zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwishishini lebhodi ye-PCB, indlela yokucoca igesi ye-condensation-yombane yindlela entsha yokucoca amanzi amdaka ngaphandle kweekhemikhali ezenziwe yi-United States ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Yindlela yomzimba yokuphatha amanzi amdaka ebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Inezahlulo ezithathu. Inxalenye yokuqala yi-ionized gas generator. Umoya ufunxwa kwijenereyitha, kwaye ubume bayo bekhemikhali bunokutshintshwa yi-ionizing magnetic field ukuze ibe yi-ioni ye-oxygen enemagnethi esebenza kakhulu kunye neeoni zenitrogen. Le gesi iphathwa ngesixhobo sejethi. Ukwaziswa kumanzi amdaka, i-ion zetsimbi, izinto eziphilayo kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi kumanzi amdaka zixutywe kwaye zihlanganiswe, ekulula ukuyicoca kwaye isuse; inxalenye yesibini sisihluzo se-electrolyte, esihluza kwaye sisuse izinto ezihlanganisiweyo eziveliswe kwicandelo lokuqala; inxalenye yesithathu i-high-speed ultraviolet Irradiation device, imisebe ye-ultraviolet emanzini inokuthi i-oxidize i-organics kunye ne-chemical complexing agents, ukunciphisa i-CODcr kunye ne-BOD5. Okwangoku, isethi epheleleyo yezixhobo ezidibeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo.