Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-PCB, inkqubo yonyango lomphezulu linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu. Ayichaphazeli nje kuphela ukubonakala kwePCB, kodwa inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza, ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kwePCB. Inkqubo yonyango yomphezulu inokubonelela ngoluhlu olukhuselayo lokukhusela ukubola kobhedu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-soldering, kunye nokubonelela ngeempawu ezilungileyo zokugquma umbane. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lweenkqubo ezininzi zonyango oluqhelekileyo lomphezulu kwimveliso yePCB.
一.HASL (Umoya oshushu ugudisa)
I-Hot air planarization (HASL) yitekhnoloji yonyango ye-PCB yemveli esebenza ngokuntywila i-PCB kwitoti etyhidiweyo/i-lead alloy emva koko isebenzisa umoya oshushu "ukucwangcisa" umphezulu ukwenza i-coating yentsimbi efanayo. Inkqubo ye-HASL inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso eyahlukeneyo yePCB, kodwa inokuba neengxaki ngeepads ezingalinganiyo kunye nobukhulu obungahambelaniyo bokugquma kwentsimbi.
二.ENIG (ikhemikhali ye-nickel yegolide)
Electroless nickel gold (ENIG) yinkqubo ebeka i-nickel kunye negolide umaleko kumphezulu wePCB. Okokuqala, indawo yobhedu iyacocwa kwaye isebenze, emva koko i-nickel encinci ifakwe kwi-reaction replacement reaction, kwaye ekugqibeleni igolide ifakwe phezu kwe-nickel layer. Inkqubo ye-ENIG inika ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwaye ifanelekile kwizicelo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuthembeka, kodwa ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.
三, igolide yekhemikhali
I-Chemical Gold ibeka umaleko obhityileyo wegolide ngqo kumphezulu we-PCB. Le nkqubo isoloko isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezingadingi i-soldering, ezinje ngerediyo yerediyo (RF) kunye neesekethe ze-microwave, kuba igolide ibonelela nge-conductivity egqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. Igolide yekhemikhali ixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-ENIG, kodwa ayixhathisi njenge-ENIG.
四, OSP (ifilimu ekhuselayo ephilayo)
Ifilimu ekhuselayo ye-Organic (OSP) yinkqubo eyenza ifilimu encinci yezinto eziphilayo kwindawo yobhedu ukukhusela ubhedu kwi-oxidizing. I-OSP inenkqubo elula kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa ukhuseleko olunikezelayo lubuthathaka kwaye lufanelekile ukugcinwa kwexesha elifutshane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-PCBs.
五、Igolide elukhuni
Igolide eHard yinkqubo ebeka umaleko wegolide otyebileyo kumphezulu wePCB ngokusebenzisa i-electroplating. Igolide enzima iyakwazi ukunxiba ngaphezu kwegolide yekhemikhali kwaye ifanelekile kwizihlanganisi ezifuna ukuplaga rhoqo kunye nokukhupha iiplagi okanye ii-PCB ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima. Igolide enzima ixabisa ngaphezu kweekhemikhali zegolide kodwa inika ukhuseleko olungcono lwexesha elide.
六、Isilivere yokuntywiliselwa
Ukuntywiliselwa kweSilivere yinkqubo yokufaka umaleko wesilivere kumphezulu wePCB. Isilivere ine-conductivity enhle kunye ne-reflection, eyenza ifaneleke kwizicelo ezibonakalayo kunye ne-infrared. Iindleko zenkqubo yesilivere yokuntywiliselwa imodareyitha, kodwa umaleko wesilivere uhlanjululwa ngokulula kwaye ufuna amanyathelo okhuseleko olongezelelweyo.
七、Ukuntywiliselwa iTin
Ukuntywiliselwa kweTin yinkqubo yokufaka umaleko wetoti kumphezulu wePCB. Umaleko we-tin ubonelela ngeempawu ezintle zokuthambisa kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Inkqubo yokuntywiliselwa yetoti inexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa umaleko we-tin ufakwa i-oxidized ngokulula kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ufuna umaleko owongezelelweyo okhuselayo.
八、I-HASL yasimahla
I-HASL yaMahala ye-Lead-Free yinkqubo ye-HASL ehambelana ne-RoHS esebenzisa i-tin/isilivere/i-alloy yobhedu engenalothe ukuze ithathe indawo ye-tin/lead alloy. Inkqubo ye-HASL yasimahla ibonelela ngokusebenza okufanayo kwi-HASL yemveli kodwa ihlangabezana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.
Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomphezulu kwimveliso yePCB, kwaye inkqubo nganye ineengenelo zayo ezizodwa kunye neemeko zesicelo. Ukukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo yonyango lomphezulu kufuna ukuqwalasela imeko yesicelo, iimfuno zokusebenza, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko kunye nemigangatho yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo yePCB. Ngophuhliso lobuchwephesha be-elektroniki, iinkqubo ezintsha zonyango lomphezulu ziyaqhubeka ukuvela, zibonelela abavelisi bePCB ngokhetho oluninzi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zemarike.