Iibhodi zeSekethe eziprintiweyo (iiPCBs ngokufutshane), ezibonelela ikakhulu uqhagamshelo lombane kumacandelo e-elektroniki, zikwabizwa ngokuba "ngumama wemveliso yenkqubo ye-elektroniki." Ngokwembono yekhonkco lezoshishino, ii-PCBs zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano, iikhompyutha kunye neeperipherals, i-electronics zabathengi, i-automotive electronics, ukhuselo lwelizwe kunye neshishini lomkhosi kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki. Ngophuhliso kunye nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwesizukulwana esitsha njenge-computing yamafu, i-5G, kunye ne-AI, i-traffic data ye-world data iya kuqhubeka ibonisa ukukhula okuphezulu. Ngaphantsi kokukhula okugqabhukileyo komthamo wedatha kunye nentsingiselo yokudluliselwa kwamafu edatha, imboni yePCB yomncedisi inamathuba ophuhliso abanzi kakhulu.

Isishwankathelo sobungakanani beshishini
Ngokwezibalo ze-IDC, ukuthunyelwa kweseva yehlabathi kunye nokuthengisa kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-2014 ukuya ku-2019. Ngo-2018, ukuchuma kweshishini kwakuphezulu. Ukuthunyelwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kufikelele kwi-11.79 yezigidi zeeyunithi kunye ne-88.816 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-15.82 % kunye ne-32.77%, ebonisa kokubili umthamo kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso. Izinga lokukhula ngo-2019 lalicotha noko, kodwa lalikwimbali ephezulu. Ukusukela ngo-2014 ukuya kowama-2019, imboni yeseva yaseTshayina yakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izinga lokukhula ladlula elo lehlabathi liphela. Ngo-2019, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwehle ngokwentelekiso, kodwa isixa sentengiso sonyuka unyaka nonyaka, ubume bangaphakathi bemveliso butshintshile, umyinge wexabiso leyunithi lonyukile, kwaye ubungakanani bokuthengiswa kweseva ephezulu kubonise ukunyuka kwendlela.

2. Ukuthelekiswa kweenkampani ezinkulu zeseva Ngokwedatha yesaveyi yamva nje ekhutshwe yi-IDC, iinkampani zokuyila ezizimeleyo kwiimarike zeseva yehlabathi ziya kuhlala zinesabelo esikhulu kwi-Q2 2020. Iintengiso ezintlanu eziphezulu zi-HPE / Xinhuasan, Dell, Inspur, IBM, kunye neLenovo, kunye nesabelo semarike Bayi-14,9%, 13.9%, 10.5%, 6.1%, 6.0%. Ukongezelela, abathengisi be-ODM babalelwa kwi-28.8% yesabelo semarike, ukwanda kwe-63.4% ngonyaka, kwaye baye baba yinto ephambili yokukhetha ukusetyenzwa kweseva kwiinkampani ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ze-computing cloud.

Ngo-2020, imakethi yehlabathi iya kuchatshazelwa ngubhubhani omtsha wesithsaba, kwaye ukudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi kuya kubonakala ngokucacileyo. Iinkampani zihlala zisebenzisa imodeli ye-intanethi/yelifu kwaye zigcina imfuno ephezulu yeeseva. I-Q1 kunye ne-Q2 zigcine izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kunamanye amashishini, kodwa lingaphantsi kwedatha yexesha elifanayo leminyaka edlulileyo. Ngokophando olwenziwe yi-DRAMeXchange, imfuno yeseva yehlabathi kwikota yesibini iqhutywe yimfuno yeziko ledatha. Iinkampani zamafu zaseMntla Melika zazizezona zisebenzayo. Ngokukodwa, imfuno yee-odolo ezicinezelwe phantsi kwesiphithiphithi kubudlelwane beSino-US kulo nyaka uphelileyo ubonise utyekelo olucacileyo lokuzalisa uluhlu lwempahla kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, okubangele ukwanda kweeseva kwisiqingatha sokuqala Isantya sinamandla.

Abathengisi abahlanu abaphezulu kwiimarike ze-server yaseTshayina kwi-Q1 2020 yi-Inspur, H3C, Huawei, Dell, kunye neLenovo, kunye nezabelo zemarike ze-37.6%, 15.5%, 14.9%, 10.1% kunye ne-7.2%, ngokulandelanayo. Ukuthunyelwa kweemarike kukonke Kuhleli kuzinzile, kwaye intengiso igcine ukukhula okuzinzileyo. Kwelinye icala, uqoqosho lwangaphakathi lukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isicwangciso esitsha seziseko ezingundoqo siqaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwikota yesibini, kwaye kukho imfuneko enkulu yeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana neeseva; kwelinye icala, imfuno yabathengi abakhulu kakhulu inyuke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, u-Alibaba uzuze kwishishini elitsha lokuthengisa i-Hema Season 618 Umthendeleko wokuthenga, inkqubo ye-ByteDance, i-Douyin, njl., Zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfuno yeseva yasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba igcine ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo.

II
Uphuhliso lweshishini le-PCB yeseva
Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yeseva kunye nophuhliso lophuculo lwesakhiwo kuya kuqhuba yonke imboni yeseva kumjikelo onyukayo. Njengesixhobo esiphambili sokuthwala imisebenzi yeseva, iPCB inethemba elibanzi lokunyusa umthamo kunye nexabiso phantsi kwenkqubo ephindwe kabini yomjikelo weseva ukuya phezulu kunye nophuhliso lophuculo lweqonga.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo, amacandelo aphambili abandakanyekayo kwibhodi ye-PCB kumncedisi abandakanya i-CPU, imemori, i-hard disk, i-backplane ye-hard disk, njl. iileya okanye ngaphezulu, 4 umaleko, kunye neebhodi ezithambileyo. Ngokuguqulwa kunye nophuhliso lwesakhiwo sedijithali ngokubanzi somncedisi kwixesha elizayo, iibhodi zePCB ziya kubonisa eyona ndlela iphambili yamanani aphezulu. Iibhodi ze-18-layer, iibhodi ze-12-14-layer, kunye neebhodi ze-12-18-layer ziya kuba zizinto eziqhelekileyo kwiibhodi ze-PCB zeseva kwixesha elizayo.

Ukusuka kwimbono yesakhiwo soshishino, ababoneleli abaphambili beshishini le-PCB ye-server ngabavelisi baseTaiwan kunye nabasemhlabeni. Abathathu abaphezulu yiTaiwan Golden Electronics, iTaiwan Tripod Technology kunye neChina Guanghe Technology. I-Guanghe Technology yeyona PCB yomncedisi eTshayina. umthengisi. Abavelisi baseTaiwan bagxininise kakhulu kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngeseva ye-ODM, ngelixa iinkampani ezinkulu zigxile kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwe-brand server. Abathengisi be-ODM ikakhulu babhekisa kubathengisi beseva yohlobo olumhlophe. Iinkampani zecomputing zamafu zibeka phambili iimfuno zokumisela iseva kubathengisi be-ODM, kwaye abathengisi be-ODM bathenga iibhodi zePCB kubathengisi babo bePCB ukugqiba uyilo lwehardware kunye nokuhlanganisa. Abathengisi be-ODM benza i-akhawunti ye-28.8% yokuthengiswa kweemarike zeseva yehlabathi, kwaye baye baba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokubonelela ngamaseva amancinci naphakathi. Umncedisi welizwe jikelele unikezelwa ikakhulu ngabavelisi beempawu (i-Inspur, iHuawei, i-Xinhua III, njl.). Iqhutywa yi-5G, iziseko ezitsha, kunye necomputing yamafu, imfuno yokutshintshwa kwasekhaya yomelele kakhulu.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingeniso kunye nokukhula kwengeniso yabavelisi belizwe bephezulu kakhulu kunabavelisi baseTaiwan, kwaye imizamo yabo yokubamba inamandla kakhulu. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha, iiseva zophawu kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke nokwandisa isabelo sabo sentengiso. Imodeli yonikezelo lweseva yohlobo lwasekhaya Abavelisi baseMainland kulindeleke ukuba baqhubeke nokugcina ukukhula okuphezulu. Enye inqaku eliphambili kukuba zonke iindleko ze-R&D zeenkampani zelizwe zinyuka unyaka nonyaka, zidlula kude utyalo-mali lwabavelisi baseTaiwan. Kumxholo wotshintsho olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yehlabathi, abavelisi belizwe elikhulu banethemba ngakumbi lokuqhekeza imiqobo yobugcisa kwaye bathabathe isabelo semarike phantsi kobuchwepheshe obutsha.

Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso kunye nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwesizukulwana esitsha njenge-computing yefu, i-5G, kunye ne-AI, i-traffic data yedatha yehlabathi iya kuqhubeka ibonisa ukukhula okuphezulu, kwaye izixhobo ze-server zehlabathi kunye neenkonzo ziya kuqhubeka nokugcina imfuno ephezulu. Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiiseva, i-PCB kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokugcina ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwixesha elizayo, ngakumbi i-PCB yomncedisi wasekhaya, enethemba lophuhliso olubanzi kakhulu phantsi kwemvelaphi yenguqu yezoqoqosho kunye nokuphucula kunye nokutshintshwa kwendawo.