Ukwaleka kobhedu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwePCB. Nokuba yisoftware yoyilo yePCB yasekhaya okanye iProtel yangaphandle, iPowerPCB ibonelela ngomsebenzi wobhedu obukrelekrele, singalufaka njani ubhedu?
Okubizwa ngokuba kuthululwe ubhedu kukusebenzisa indawo engasetyenziswanga kwi-PCB njengendawo yesalathiso uze uyigcwalise ngobhedu oluqinileyo. Ezi ndawo zobhedu zikwabizwa ngokuba kukuzaliswa kobhedu. Ukubaluleka kokugubungela ubhedu kukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kocingo lomhlaba kunye nokuphucula amandla okuthintela ukuphazamiseka; ukunciphisa ukuhla kwamandla ombane kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle konikezelo lwamandla; ukudibanisa nocingo oluphantsi kunokunciphisa indawo ye-loop.
Ukuze wenze i-PCB ingagqwetheki kangangoko ngexesha lokuthengisela, uninzi lwabavelisi be-PCB nabo bafuna abaqulunqi be-PCB bagcwalise iindawo ezivulekileyo ze-PCB ngobhedu okanye iingcingo zomhlaba ezifana negridi. Ukuba isambatho sobhedu siphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, inzuzo ayiyi kufaneleka ilahleko. Ngaba i-copper coating "iluncedo ngakumbi kune-disadvantages" okanye "ingozi ngaphezu kweenzuzo"?
Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba i-capacitance esasazwayo ye-wiring yebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo iya kusebenza kwii-frequencies eziphezulu. Xa ubude bungaphezulu kwe-1/20 yobude obuhambelanayo besandi sesandi, isiphumo se-antenna siya kwenzeka, kwaye ingxolo iya kukhutshwa ngocingo. Ukuba kukho ukugalelwa kobhedu olusekelwe kakubi kwi-PCB, ukugalela ubhedu kuba sisixhobo sokusasaza ingxolo. Ngoko ke, kwisekethe ye-high-frequency, musa ukucinga ukuba ucingo oluphantsi luxhunyiwe phantsi. Olu lucingo olusezantsi kwaye kufuneka lube ngaphantsi kwe λ/20. Gubungela imingxuma kwi-wiring ukuya "kumhlaba omhle" kunye neplani yomhlaba yebhodi ye-multilayer. Ukuba i-copper copper iphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-copper copper ayikwandisi kuphela okwangoku, kodwa inendima emibini yokuphazamiseka kokukhusela.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko zokugquma ubhedu, ezizezi, indawo enkulu yokugquma ubhedu kunye nobhedu lwegridi. Kuhlala kubuzwa ukuba ingaba indawo enkulu yobhedu ingcono kunegridi yobhedu. Akulunganga ukwenza ngokubanzi. ngoba? Ingubo yobhedu yendawo enkulu inemisebenzi emibini yokunyusa yangoku kunye nokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isitya esikhulu sobhedu sisetyenziselwa ukuthengiswa kwamaza, ibhodi inokuphakamisa kunye namadyunguza. Ke ngoko, kwindawo enkulu yokugquma ubhedu, iigrooves ezininzi zivulwa ngokubanzi ukukhulula ukugqabhuka kwefoyile yobhedu. Igridi ecocekileyo yobhedu isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukukhusela, kwaye umphumo wokunyusa okwangoku uyancipha. Ukususela kumbono wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, igridi ilungile (inciphisa indawo yokufudumala yobhedu) kwaye idlala indima ethile ekukhuseleni i-electromagnetic shielding. Kodwa kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba igridi iqulunqwe yimizila kwiindlela ezinqamlezileyo. Siyazi ukuba kwisekethe, ububanzi bomkhondo bune "ubude bombane" obuhambelanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokusebenza kwebhodi yesekethe (ubukhulu bokwenene buhlulwe yi-Frequency yedijithali ehambelana nokusebenza rhoqo kuyafumaneka, jonga iincwadi ezinxulumene neenkcukacha ). Xa i-frequency yokusebenza ingekho phezulu kakhulu, imiphumo yecala yemigca yegridi isenokungabonakali. Emva kokuba ubude bombane buhambelana nokusebenza rhoqo, kuya kuba kubi kakhulu. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba isiphaluka sasingasebenzi kakuhle konke konke, yaye imiqondiso eyayiphazamisana nokusebenza kwale nkqubo yayisasazwa kuyo yonke indawo. Ke kubalingane abasebenzisa iigridi, ingcebiso yam kukukhetha ngokweemeko zokusebenza zebhodi yesekethe eyiliweyo, musa ukubambelela kwinto enye. Ngoko ke, iisekethe eziphezulu ze-frequency zineemfuno eziphezulu kwiigridi ze-multi-purpose for anti-interference, kunye neesekethe eziphantsi, ii-circuits ezinemisinga emikhulu, njl njl.zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nobhedu olupheleleyo.
Kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kule miba ilandelayo ukuze sifezekise isiphumo esinqwenelekayo sokugalela ubhedu ekugaleleni ubhedu:
1. Ukuba i-PCB inezizathu ezininzi, ezifana ne-SGND, AGND, GND, njl., ngokwendawo yebhodi ye-PCB, "umhlaba" oyintloko kufuneka usetyenziswe njengesalathiso sokugalela ubhedu ngokuzimeleyo. Umhlaba wedijithali kunye nomhlaba we-analog uhlukaniswe kwithulu lobhedu. Kwangaxeshanye, phambi kokuthululelwa kobhedu, qala ujiye uqhagamshelo lwamandla oluhambelanayo: 5.0V, 3.3V, njl., Ngale ndlela, iipolygoni ezininzi zeemilo ezahlukeneyo zenziwa isakhiwo.
2. Ukudibanisa indawo enye kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo, indlela yokudibanisa nge-0 ohm resistors, ubuhlalu bamagnetic okanye inductance;
3. I-Copper-clad kufuphi ne-crystal oscillator. I-crystal oscillator kwisekethe ngumthombo we-high-frequency emission source. Indlela yokujikeleza i-crystal oscillator nge-copper-clad, kwaye emva koko igubungele igobolondo ye-crystal oscillator ngokwahlukileyo.
4. Isiqithi (indawo efileyo) ingxaki, ukuba ucinga ukuba inkulu kakhulu, ayiyi kubiza kakhulu ukuchaza umhlaba kunye nokuwongeza.
5. Ekuqaleni kwe-wiring, ucingo lomhlaba kufuneka luphathwe ngokufanayo. Xa i-wiring, ucingo lomhlaba kufuneka luhanjiswe kakuhle. I-pin yomhlaba ayinakongezwa ngokudibanisa i-vias. Esi siphumo sibi kakhulu.
6. Kungcono ukuba ungabi neekona ezibukhali ebhodini (<= 180 degrees), kuba ngokwembono ye-electromagnetics, oku kubandakanya i-antenna yokudlulisa! Kuya kuhlala kukho impembelelo kwezinye iindawo, nokuba zikhulu okanye zincinci. Ndincoma ukusebenzisa umda we-arc.
7. Musa ukugalela ubhedu kwindawo evulekileyo yomgangatho ophakathi webhodi ye-multilayer. Kuba kunzima kuwe ukwenza olu bhedu "ngumhlaba olungileyo"
8. Isinyithi esingaphakathi kwezixhobo, ezifana ne-radiators zetsimbi, i-metal reinforcement strips, njl., Kufuneka ibe "isiseko esihle".
9. Ibhloko yensimbi yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ye-regulator ye-terminal emithathu kufuneka ibekwe kakuhle. Umtya wokuzihlukanisa womhlaba kufuphi ne-crystal oscillator kufuneka ubekwe kakuhle. Ngamafutshane: ukuba ingxaki yokumisa ubhedu kwi-PCB ijongiwe, ngokuqinisekileyo "izinto eziluncedo zigqithise izinto ezingalunganga". Inokunciphisa indawo yokubuya yomgca wesignali kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kombane we-electromagnetic ngaphandle.