Lixesha lokuhlolwa kwebhodi yePCB ukunikela ingqalelo kwezinye iinkcukacha ukuze ulungele ngakumbi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Xa kuhlolwa iibhodi PCB, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwezi 9 iingcebiso zilandelayo.

1. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa izixhobo zovavanyo ezisezantsi ukuze uchukumise iTV ephilayo, iaudio, ividiyo kunye nezinye izixhobo zeplate engezantsi ukuvavanya ibhodi yePCB ngaphandle kwe-transformer yodwa.
Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuvavanya ngokuthe ngqo iTV, iaudio, ividiyo kunye nezinye izixhobo ngaphandle kwe-transformer yokwahlula amandla enezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezinamaqokobhe asezantsi. Nangona irekhoda yekhasethi yerediyo ngokubanzi inesiguquli samandla, xa udibana neTV ekhethekileyo okanye izixhobo ezivakalayo, ngakumbi amandla aphumayo okanye ubume bombane osetyenziswayo, kufuneka uqale ufumanise ukuba i-chassis yomatshini ihlawuliswa. , ngaphandle koko kulula kakhulu I-TV, i-audio kunye nezinye izixhobo ezihlawuliswa ngeplate ephantsi zibangela isiphaluka esifutshane sonikezelo lwamandla, oluchaphazela umjikelezo odibeneyo, obangela ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesiphoso.

2. Nika ingqalelo ekusebenzeni kwe-insulation yentsimbi ye-soldering xa uvavanya ibhodi ye-PCB
Akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa intsimbi yokuxubha ukudibanisa ngamandla. Qinisekisa ukuba i-iron ye-soldering ayihlawuliswa. Kungcono ukuguba iqokobhe lentsimbi yokuthambisa. Qaphela ngakumbi ngesekethe ye-MOS. Kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa intsimbi yesekethe yombane ophantsi we-6 ~ 8V.

3. Yazi umgaqo osebenzayo weesekethe ezidibeneyo kunye neesekethe ezinxulumeneyo phambi kokuvavanya iibhodi zePCB
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlole kwaye ulungise isekethe edibeneyo, kufuneka uqale uqhelane nomsebenzi wesekethe edibeneyo esetyenzisiweyo, isekethe yangaphakathi, iiparamitha eziphambili zombane, indima yephini nganye, kunye nombane oqhelekileyo wephini, i-waveform kunye nokusebenza. umgaqo wesekethe eyenziwe ngamacandelo eperipheral. Ukuba le miqathango ingentla idibene, ukuhlalutya kunye nokuhlolwa kuya kuba lula kakhulu.

4. Musa ukwenza iisekethe ezimfutshane phakathi kwezikhonkwane xa uvavanya i-PCB
Xa ulinganisa i-voltage okanye uvavanya i-waveform nge-oscilloscope probe, musa ukubangela isekethe emfutshane phakathi kwezikhonkwane zesekethe edibeneyo ngenxa yokutyibilika kovavanyo okanye iiprobes. Kungcono ukulinganisa kwi-peripheral eprintiweyo yesekethe eqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwizikhonkwane. Naliphi na isiphaluka esifutshane somzuzwana singonakalisa ngokulula isiphaluka esidibeneyo. Kuya kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi xa uvavanya iisekethe ezidibeneyo zeCMOS.

5. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwesixhobo sokuvavanya ibhodi ye-PCB kufuneka ibe nkulu
Xa ulinganisa umbane we-DC wezikhonkwane ze-IC, i-multimeter kunye nokuchasana kwangaphakathi kwentloko yemitha enkulu kune-20KΩ / V kufuneka isetyenziswe, ngaphandle koko kuya kubakho impazamo enkulu yokulinganisa umbane wezinye izikhonkwane.

6. Nika ingqalelo ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu beesekethe ezidibeneyo zamandla xa uvavanya iibhodi zePCB
Isiphaluka esihlanganisiweyo samandla kufuneka sichithe ukushisa kakuhle, kwaye akuvumelekanga ukusebenza phantsi kwamandla aphezulu ngaphandle kwesitya sokushisa.

7. Ucingo olukhokelayo lwebhodi yePCB kufuneka lube nengqiqo
Ukuba ufuna ukongeza amacandelo angaphandle ukubuyisela indawo eyonakalisiweyo yesekethe edibeneyo, kufuneka kukhethwe amacandelo amancinci, kwaye i-wiring kufuneka ibe nengqiqo ukuphepha ukudibanisa okungafunekiyo kwe-parasitic, ngakumbi ukusekwa phakathi kwe-audio power amplifier isiphaluka esidibeneyo kunye nesiphelo sesiphaluka se-preamplifier. .

8. Khangela ibhodi PCB ukuqinisekisa umgangatho welding
Xa i-soldering, i-solder iqinile, kwaye ukuqokelela kwe-solder kunye nama-pores kunokubangela ukuba i-solder yobuxoki ibe lula. Ixesha le-soldering ngokuqhelekileyo alikho ngaphezu kwemizuzwana ye-3, kwaye amandla entsimbi ye-solder kufuneka ibe malunga ne-25W ngokufudumeza kwangaphakathi. Isekethe edibeneyo ethe yathengiswa kufuneka ihlolwe ngokucophelela. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ohmmeter ukulinganisa ukuba kukho isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kwezikhonkwane, qinisekisa ukuba akukho ukunamathela kwi-solder, uze uvule amandla.

9. Musa ukumisela lula umonakalo wesekethe edibeneyo xa uvavanya ibhodi yePCB
Musa ukugweba ukuba isiphaluka esidibeneyo sonakaliswe ngokulula. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweesekethe ezidityanisiweyo zidityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo, xa isekethe ingaqhelekanga, inokubangela utshintsho lombane oluninzi, kwaye olu tshintsho alubangelwanga ngumonakalo wesekethe edibeneyo. Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko, i-voltage elinganisiweyo yephini nganye yahlukile kwisiqhelo Xa amaxabiso ehambelana okanye esondele, akusoloko kuthetha ukuba isekethe edibeneyo ilungile. Kuba ezinye iimpazamo ezithambileyo aziyi kubangela utshintsho kumbane we-DC.

PCB ibhodi debugging indlela
Kuba ibhodi entsha PCB esanda kuthatyathelwa emva, kufuneka kuqala ngokurhabaxa siqwalasele ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ebhodini, ezifana nokuba kukho iintanda ezicacileyo, iisekethe ezimfutshane, iisekethe ezivulekileyo, njl. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, khangela ukuba ukuchasana phakathi unikezelo lwamandla kunye nomhlaba mkhulu ngokwaneleyo.

Kwibhodi yesekethe esandula ukuyilwa, ukulungisa ingxaki kaninzi kudibana nobunzima, ngakumbi xa ibhodi inkulu kwaye kukho izinto ezininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukuqala. Kodwa ukuba uyazi kakuhle iseti yeendlela zokulungisa iimpazamo, ukulungisa ingxaki kuya kufumana isiphumo esiphindwe kabini ngesiqingatha somzamo.

PCB ibhodi debugging amanyathelo
1. Kwibhodi entsha yePCB esandula ukubuyiselwa umva, kufuneka siqale sijonge ukuba ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ebhodini, ezinje ngokuba kukho iintanda ezicacileyo, iisekethe ezimfutshane, iisekethe ezivulekileyo, njl. ukumelana phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye nomhlaba mkhulu ngokwaneleyo.

2. Emva koko amacandelo afakwe. Iimodyuli ezizimeleyo, ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kukulungele ukungazifaki zonke, kodwa ukufaka inxalenye ngenxalenye (kwiisekethe ezincinci, unokuzifaka zonke ngaxeshanye), ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka. misela uluhlu lweempazamo. Kuphephe ukuba nengxaki ekuqaliseni xa udibana neengxaki.

Ngokubanzi, unokufakela unikezelo lwamandla kuqala, kwaye emva koko ukhanyise ukuze ujonge ukuba umbane ophumayo wobonelelo lwamandla uqhelekile. Ukuba awunakuzithemba kakhulu xa unika amandla (nokuba uqinisekile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wongeze i-fuse, nje ukuba kunokwenzeka), cinga ukusebenzisa unikezelo lwamandla oluhlengahlengisiweyo kunye nomsebenzi wangoku wokunciphisa.

Cwangcisa kwangaphambili ukhuseleko lwangoku lwangoku kuqala, emva koko unyuse kancinci ixabiso lombane wonikezelo lwamandla alawulwayo, kwaye ubeke iliso kwigalelo langoku, igalelo lombane, kunye nombane ophumayo. Ukuba akukho ukhuseleko olugqithisiweyo kunye nezinye iingxaki ngexesha lokulungiswa okuphezulu, kwaye i-voltage ephumayo ifikelele kwisiqhelo, ukunikezelwa kwamandla kulungile. Ngaphandle koko, qhawula unikezelo lwamandla, fumana indawo yempazamo, kwaye uphinde la manyathelo angasentla de unikezelo lwamandla luqhelekile.

3. Okulandelayo, fakela ezinye iimodyuli ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngalo lonke ixesha imodyuli ifakiwe, vula kwaye uyivavanye. Xa ulayita amandla, landela la manyathelo angasentla ukunqanda ngaphezulu-yangoku okubangelwa yimpazamo yoyilo kunye/okanye iimpazamo zofakelo kunye nokutshisa amacandelo.

Indlela yokufumana ibhodi yePCB engalunganga
1. Fumana ibhodi yePCB engalunganga ngokulinganisa indlela yamandla ombane
Into yokuqala yokuqinisekisa kukuba ingaba i-voltage ye-pin yonikezelo lwamandla yetshiphu nganye iqhelekile, emva koko ujonge ukuba ii-voltages ezahlukeneyo zereferensi ziqhelekile na, nokuba amandla ombane okusebenza kwindawo nganye aqhelekile. Umzekelo, xa i-silicon transistor jikelele ivuliwe, i-BE junction voltage imalunga ne-0.7V, ngelixa i-junction voltage ye-CE imalunga ne-0.3V okanye ngaphantsi. Ukuba i-BE junction voltage ye-transistor inkulu kune-0.7V (ngaphandle kwee-transistors ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-Darlington, njl.), i-BE junction inokuvuleka.

2. Indlela yokutofa ngomqondiso wokufumana ibhodi yePCB engalunganga
Yongeza umthombo wesignali kwi-terminal yegalelo, kwaye emva koko ulinganise i-waveform yenqaku ngalinye ngokulandelelana ukuze ubone ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukufumana indawo yempazamo. Ngamanye amaxesha siya kusebenzisa iindlela ezilula, ezinje ngokubamba i-tweezers ngezandla zethu, ukuchukumisa i-terminal yegalelo kuwo onke amanqanaba ukuze sibone ukuba i-terminal yokukhupha iyaphendula, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-audio, ividiyo kunye nezinye iisekethe ze-amplifier (kodwa qaphela, shushu. ngezantsi Le ndlela ayinakusetyenziswa kwiisekethe ezinombane ophezulu okanye iisekethe eziphezulu ze-voltage, ngaphandle koko kunokubangela ukutshitshiswa kombane). Ukuba akukho mpendulo kwinqanaba langaphambili, kodwa kukho impendulo kwinqanaba elilandelayo, kuthetha ukuba ingxaki ilele kwinqanaba langaphambili kwaye kufuneka ihlolwe.

3. Ezinye iindlela zokufumana iibhodi zePCB ezingalunganga
Zininzi ezinye iindlela zokufumana amanqaku aneempazamo, njengokubukela, ukumamela, ukujoja, ukubamba, njl.njl.
"Ukubona" ​​kukubona ukuba kukho umonakalo ocacileyo womatshini kwicandelo, njengokuqhekeka, ukutshisa, ukuguqulwa, njl.;
“Ukuphulaphula” kukumamela ukuba ingaba isandi esisebenzayo siqhelekile na, umzekelo, into engafanelekanga ukuba ikhalisa, indawo ekumele ukuba ikhalisa kuyo ayikhali okanye isandi asiqhelekanga, njl. njl.;
“Ukunuka” kukukhangela ukuba ngaba kukho naliphi na ivumba elikhethekileyo, elifana nevumba lokutsha, ivumba le-capacitor electrolyte, njl.
"Ukuchukumisa" kukuvavanya ukuba ubushushu besixhobo buqhelekile na, umzekelo, kushushu kakhulu okanye kubanda kakhulu.

Ezinye izixhobo zombane ziya kutshisa xa zisebenza. Ukuba ziyabanda kwi-touch, kunokugwetywa ngokusisiseko ukuba azisebenzi. Kodwa ukuba indawo ekungafanelanga ukuba shushu ishushu kakhulu okanye ishushu kakhulu, loo nto ayiyi kusebenza. Ii-transistors zamandla ngokubanzi, iitshiphu zokulawula i-voltage, njl., ukusebenza ngaphantsi kwe-70 degrees kulungile ngokupheleleyo. Ithini ingqikelelo yeedigri ezingama-70? Ukuba ucinezela isandla sakho phezulu, unokusibamba ngaphezu kwemizuzwana emithathu, oko kuthetha ukuba iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kwama-70 degrees (qaphela ukuba kufuneka ubambe ngokukhawuleza kuqala, kwaye ungatshisi izandla zakho).