Crystal oscillator ke senotlolo sa moralo oa potoloho ea dijithale, hangata ka moralo oa potoloho, oscillator ea kristale e sebelisoa e le pelo ea potoloho ea dijithale, mosebetsi oohle oa potoloho ea dijithale o ke ke oa arohanngoa le lets'oao la oache, mme oscillator ea kristale ke konopo ea senotlolo. e laolang ka ho toba qalo e tloaelehileng ea tsamaiso eohle, ho ka boleloa hore haeba ho na le moralo oa potoloho ea digital o ka bona kristale oscillator.

I. Oscillator ea kristale ke eng?

Crystal oscillator ka kakaretso e bolela mefuta e 'meli ea kristale ea quartz oscillator le quartz crystal resonator, hape e ka bitsoa kristale oscillator ka kotloloho. Ka bobeli li entsoe ka phello ea piezoelectric ea likristale tsa quartz.

Oscillator ea kristale e sebetsa tjena: ha tšimo ea motlakase e sebelisoa ho li-electrode tse peli tsa kristale, kristale e tla ba le deformation ea mechine, 'me ho fapana le hoo, haeba khatello ea mochine e sebelisoa lipheletsong tse peli tsa kristale, kristale e tla hlahisa. lebala la motlakase. Ketsahalo ena e ka khutlisetsoa morao, ka hona ho sebelisa tšobotsi ena ea kristale, ho eketsa maqhubu a feto-fetohang lipheletsong tse peli tsa kristale, chip e tla hlahisa ho sisinyeha ha mochini, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang e hlahise masimo a motlakase a chenchana. Leha ho le joalo, ts'isinyeho ena le tšimo ea motlakase e hlahisoang ke kristale ka kakaretso e nyenyane, empa hafeela e ntse e le ka makhetlo a itseng, amplitude e tla eketseha haholo, e tšoanang le LC loop resonance eo rona baqapi ba potoloho re e bonang hangata.

II. Khethollo ea li-crystal oscillations (e sebetsang le e sa sebetseng)

① Oscillator ea kristale e sa sebetseng

Kristale e sa bonahaleng ke kristale, hangata ke sesebelisoa sa 2-pin seo e seng polar (kristale e 'ngoe e sa sebetseng e na le phini e tsitsitseng e se nang polarity).

Passive crystal oscillator ka kakaretso e hloka ho itšetleha ka potoloho ea oache e entsoeng ke capacitor ea mojaro ho hlahisa lets'oao le oscillating (letšoao la sine wave).

② Oscillator ea kristale e sebetsang

Oscillator e sebetsang ea kristale ke oscillator, hangata e nang le lithapo tse 4. Active crystal oscillator ha e hloke oscillator e ka hare ea CPU ho hlahisa lets'oao la sekwere-wave. Matla a kristale a sebetsang a hlahisa lets'oao la oache.

Letšoao la oscillator e sebetsang ea kristale le tsitsitse, boleng bo betere, 'me mokhoa oa ho hokahanya o batla o le bonolo, phoso e nepahetseng e nyane ho feta ea passive crystal oscillator,' me theko e theko e boima ho feta passive crystal oscillator.

III. Litekanyetso tsa motheo tsa kristale oscillator

Mekhahlelo ea mantlha ea oscillator ea kristale e akaretsang ke: mocheso oa ts'ebetso, boleng bo nepahetseng, bokhoni bo ts'oanang, foromo ea sephutheloana, maqhubu a mantlha joalo-joalo.

Maqhubu a mantlha a oscillator ea kristale: Khetho ea maqhubu a kristale ka kakaretso e ipapisitse le litlhoko tsa likarolo tsa maqhubu, joalo ka ha MCU ka kakaretso ke mefuta e fapaneng, eo boholo ba eona e tsoang ho 4M ho isa ho tse ngata tsa M.

Ho nepahala ha Crystal vibration: ho nepahala ha tšisinyeho ea kristale ka kakaretso ke ± 5PPM, ± 10PPM, ± 20PPM, ± 50PPM, joalo-joalo, li-wache tse nepahetseng haholo hangata li ka har'a ± 5PPM, 'me tšebeliso e akaretsang e tla khetha ka ± 20PPM.

Matla a tšoanang a kristale oscillator: hangata ka ho fetola boleng ba bokhoni bo lekanang, maqhubu a mantlha a kristale oscillator a ka fetoloa, 'me hona joale, mokhoa ona o sebelisetsoa ho lokisa oscillator ea kristale e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa.

Tsamaisong ea potoloho, mohala oa lets'oao la oache ea lebelo le holimo o na le eona e tlang pele. Mohala oa oache ke lets'oao le nang le kutloelo-bohloko, 'me ha lebelo le phahama, ho hlokahala mohala o mokhuts'oane ho netefatsa hore ho sotheha ha lets'oao ho fokola.

Hona joale lipotolohong tse ngata, maqhubu a kristale oache ea tsamaiso a phahame haholo, kahoo matla a ho kena-kenana le li-harmonics a boetse a le matla, li-harmonics li tla tsoa ho kenya letsoho le ho hlahisa mela e 'meli, empa hape le ho tloha mahlaseli a sebaka, ao hape a lebisang ho haeba sebopeho sa PCB sa crystal oscillator se sa utloahale, se tla baka habonolo bothata bo matla ba mahlaseli a kotsi, 'me hang ha se hlahisoa, ho thata ho rarolla ka mekhoa e meng. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa sebopeho sa kristale oscillator le CLK signal line ha ho behoa boto ea PCB.