1 - Ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa ea Hybrid
Molaohlelo o akaretsang ke ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mekhoa ea likopano e fapaneng le ho e lekanyetsa maemo a itseng. Mohlala, melemo ea ho kenya e le 'ngoe ka lesoba (leqhubu la pth) e se e batla e le lefeela ka litšenyehelo le nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa kopano. Ho fapana le moo, o sebelisa likarolo tse ngata tsa khatello kapa ho li felisa ka botlalo ho moralo o motle ebile o sebetsa hantle haholo. Haeba theknoloji ea PS e hlokahala, ho khothalletsoa ho beha likarolo tsohle ka lehlakoreng le leng la potoloho e hatisitsoeng, ka hona e fokotsa nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa kopano.

2 - boholo ba karolo
Nakong ea semelo sa pcB, ho bohlokoa ho khetha boholo bo nepahetseng ba sephutheloana bakeng sa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Ka kakaretso, o lokela ho khetha sephutheloana se nyane haeba o na le lebaka le nepahetseng; Ho seng joalo, fetela paketeng e kholo. Ebile, baqapi ba baqapi ba elektroniki hangata ba khetha likarolo ka lipakete tse nyane tse sa hlokahaleng, ba theha mathata a potoloho le liphetoho tsa potoloho. Ho latela boholo ba liphetoho tse hlokahalang, maemong a mang ho ka ba bonolo ho kopanya boto kaofela ho e-na le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokahalang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokoang le ho rekisa likarolo tse hlokahalang.

3 - Sebaka sa karolo se tšoaretsoeng
Mekha ea maoto ke karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea kopano. Ka hona, baqapi ba pcb ba tlameha ho netefatsa hore sephutheloana se seng le se seng se thehiloe ho latela lenaneo la la naha le hlalositsoeng la leqephe la data le kopaneng la karolo ea motsoako. Bothata bo ka sehloohong bo bakoang ke meokho e fosahetseng ke ho hlaha "ho thoeng ke" tombletstold "" tombletstori " Bothata bona bo etsahala ha karolo e kopaneng e fumana mocheso o sa lekanang, ho etsa hore karolo e kopaneng ea ho khomarela PCB ka bobeli ho fapana le bobeli. Ntho ea lebitla ea tombstone e ama likarolo tse hlakileng tse kang borashena, likatse le bahopotso. Lebaka la ketsahalo ea eona ke ho futhumatsa. Mabaka a ka tsela e latelang:

Mekhabiso ea mohlala ea naha e amanang le karohano ha e sa lumellane le litheko tse peli tsa karolo ea likarolo tse peli tsa pina, e sebetsang e le siling ea mocheso.

4 - Pusi e pakeng tsa likarolo
E 'ngoe ea lisosa tsa mantlha tsa ho hloleha ha PCB ha li na sebaka se lekaneng pakeng tsa likarolo tse lebang ho phethola. Sebaka ke sesebelisoa se hloahloa, haholo ho sona ho bona lipotoloho tse rarahaneng haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlella litlhoko tse thata haholo tse lokelang ho fihlela litlhoko tse thata haholo. Ho beha karolo e le 'ngoe e haufi haholo le likarolo tse ling ho ka etsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mathata, ho teba ha moo ho ka senyang liphetoho ho ea ho moralo oa PCB kapa ts'ebetso ea ho ala.

Ha u sebelisa kopano e ikemetseng le mechini e ikhethileng, etsa bonnete ba hore karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lekane hole le likarolo tsa Botoro, le likarolo tse ling. Likarolo tse haufi haholo kapa tse potoloha hampe ke mohloli oa mathata nakong ea thekiso ea maqhubu. Mohlala, haeba ntlha e phahameng e ntse e phahamisetsa motsoako o tlase oa sebaka se tlase tseleng e lateloang tseleng, sena se ka baka "moriti" e hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti" o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti "o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti" o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti "o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti "o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti" o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti" o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti "o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti "o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti" o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti "o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti" o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti" o hlokang "moriti o hlokang" moriti o hlokang "moriti" o hlokang "moriti o hlokang lere. Liporete tse kopaneng li ne li potoloha ho e mong li tla ba le phello e tšoanang.

5 - Lethathamo la likarolo tse ntlafalitsoeng
Bili ea likarolo (bom) ke ntho e bohlokoa ho moralo oa PCB le mekhahlelo ea kopano. Ebile, haeba bom e na le liphoso kapa lifefo, moetsi a ka emisa ho emisa ho fihlela litaba tsena li rarolloe. Mokhoa o mong oa ho netefatsa hore bom e lula e le hantle le ho fihlela joale ke ho etsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea bom e nchafalitsoeng. Mohlala, haeba karolo e ncha e ekelitsoe morerong oa mantlha, o hloka ho netefatsa hore bom e ntlafalitsoe ebile e lumellana le ho kenya nomoro e nepahetseng ea likarolo tsa motsoako, litlhaloso le boleng.

6 - Sebelisa lintlha tsa DATUM
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa, tse boetse li tsejoang e le matšoao a se nang kelello, ke libopeho tse tsamaeang le likolo tse tsamaeang le mechini ea litoropo tse khethiloeng. Li-fificial li thusa mechini ena e ikemetseng ho amohela boto ea boto ea boto, 'me ka nepo e bokana likarolo tse kang tsa quad e sephara (qfn).

Li-Fificialis li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: Matšoao a Gagaral Fidducial le matšoao a sa tloaelehang a lehae. Matšoao a lefats'e la lefats'e a beoa holim 'a pcB, a lumella mechini ea ho khetha le ho beha mechini ea ho khetha le ho beha mechini ea ho bona boto ea xy. Matšoao a sekhukhuni la lehae a behiloe haufi le likhutlo tsa Square Square Square Square Square Square O sebelisoa ke mochini oa boloi oa thepa ho beha liphoso tsa karolo ea karolo ea pele nakong ea kopano. Lintlha tsa DATHUM li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ha morero o na le likarolo tse ngata tse haufi. Setšoantšo sa 2 se bonts'a Boto ea Bo-Urduino ea Arduino e nang le lintlha tse peli tsa litšupiso tsa lefats'e tse totobalitsoeng bofubelu.