Laga soo bilaabo PCB World

Qalabka elektaroonigga ah, xaddi kuleyl ah ayaa la soo saaraa inta lagu jiro hawlgalka, si heerkulka gudaha ee qalabku si degdeg ah u kordho.Haddii kulaylka aan la daadin wakhtiga, qalabku wuu sii wadi doonaa inuu kululeeyo, qalabkuna wuu ku guuldareysan doonaa sababtoo ah kulaylka.Kalsoonida qalabka elektaroonigga ah Waxqabadku wuu yaraan doonaa.

Sidaa darteed, aad bay muhiim u tahay in lagu sameeyo daawaynta kulaylka wanaagsan ee guddiga wareegga.Kulaylka kuleyliyaha guddiga wareegga PCB waa xiriir aad muhiim u ah, haddaba waa maxay farsamada kulaylka ee guddiga wareegga PCB, aan si wadajir ah uga wada hadalno hoos.

01
Kulaylka kulaylka iyada oo loo marayo looxa PCB laftiisa Looxyada PCB-ga ee hadda sida weyn loo isticmaalo waa maro dhalada ah oo ka samaysan naxaasta/epoxy ama maro dhalada ah oo resin ah, iyo qadar yar oo waraaqo ah oo naxaas ah ayaa la isticmaalaa.

Inkasta oo substrate-yadani ay leeyihiin sifooyin koronto oo heer sare ah iyo sifooyin wax-qabad, waxay leeyihiin kulayl xumo.Sida habka kulaylka ee qaybaha kulaylka sare, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la filayo in kulaylku uu qabto resin PCB laftiisa, laakiin si uu u kala saaro kuleylka dusha sare ee qaybta hawada ku wareegsan.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, sida alaabada elektiroonigga ah ay soo galeen xilligii miniaturization ee qaybaha, dhejinta cufnaanta sare, iyo kulaylka sare ee kuleylka, kuma filna in lagu tiirsanaado dusha sare ee qayb leh meel aad u yar si ay u daadiso kuleylka.

Isla mar ahaantaana, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay isticmaalka ballaaran ee qaybaha buurta dusha sare sida QFP iyo BGA, kulaylka ay abuuraan qaybaha ayaa loo wareejiyaa guddiga PCB qadar badan.Sidaa darteed, habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu xallin karo kuleylka kuleylka waa in la hagaajiyo awoodda kuleylka PCB lafteeda taas oo si toos ah ula xiriirta qalabka kuleylka.La qabtay ama la shiday.

Qaabaynta PCB
Qalabka xasaasiga ah ee kulaylka ayaa la dhigayaa aagga dabaysha qabow.

Qalabka lagu ogaanayo heerkulka waxaa la dhigayaa meesha ugu kulul.

Aaladaha ku jira isla looxa daabacan waa in loo habeeyaa sida ugu fog ee suurtogalka ah iyadoo loo eegayo qiimaha kalooriyada iyo heerka kala daadinta kulaylka.Aaladaha leh qiime yar oo calorific ah ama caabbinta kulaylka liidata (sida transistors-ka yaryar, wareegyada isku dhafan ee cabbirka yar, capacitors electrolytic, iwm) waa in lagu dhejiyaa socodka hawada qaboojinta.Qulqulka ugu sarreeya (halka laga soo galo), aaladaha leh kulayl weyn ama caabbinta kulaylka (sida transistor-ka korantada, wareegyada isku dhafan ee baaxadda weyn, iwm) ayaa la dhigayaa meesha ugu hooseysa ee socodka hawada qaboojinta.

Jihada toosan, qalabka awoodda sare leh ayaa la dhigayaa meel u dhow cidhifka guddiga daabacan ee suurtogalka ah si loo gaabiyo jidka kulaylka;jihada toosan, aaladaha awooda sare leh ayaa la dhigayaa meel u dhow meesha ugu sareysa ee looxa daabacan sida ugu macquulsan si loo yareeyo saameynta aaladahaan heerkulka aaladaha kale marka ay shaqeynayaan.

Kala-baxa kulaylka ee looxa daabacan ee qalabku wuxuu inta badan ku tiirsan yahay socodka hawada, markaa dariiqa socodka hawada waa in la daraaseeyaa inta lagu jiro naqshadeynta, iyo qalabka ama guddiga wareegga daabacan waa in si macquul ah loo habeeyaa.

Inta badan way adag tahay in la gaaro qaybinta isku midka ah ee adag inta lagu jiro habka naqshadeynta, laakiin meelaha leh cufnaanta awoodda aadka u sarreeya waa in laga fogaadaa si looga hortago dhibco kulul inay saameeyaan hawlgalka caadiga ah ee wareegga oo dhan.

Haddii ay suurtagal tahay, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la falanqeeyo waxtarka kulaylka ee wareegga daabacan.Tusaale ahaan, moduleka falanqaynta hufnaanta kuleyliyaha ee barnaamijka falanqaynta ee lagu daray qaar ka mid ah barnaamijyada naqshadaynta PCB ee xirfadleyda ah ayaa ka caawin kara naqshadeeyayaasha inay wanaajiyaan naqshadeynta wareegga.

02
Qaybaha kulaylka sareeyo oo lagu daray hiitarka iyo taarikada kulaylka hagaya.Marka tiro yar oo ka mid ah qaybaha PCB-gu ay dhaliyaan kulayl badan (in ka yar 3), weel kulaylka ama tuubada kulaylka ayaa lagu dari karaa qaybaha kulaylka dhaliya.Marka heerkulka aan hoos loo dhigi karin, waxaa la isticmaali karaa hiitarka leh marawaxad si kor loogu qaado saamaynta kulaylka.

Marka tirada aaladaha kuleylku ay badan yihiin (in ka badan 3), dabool weyn oo kuleylka kuleylka ah ayaa la isticmaali karaa (board), kaas oo ah weel kuleyl gaar ah oo loo habeeyey iyadoo loo eegayo booska iyo dhererka qalabka kuleylka PCB ama guri weyn. weelka kulaylka Jar meelaha dhererka qaybaha kala duwan.Daboolka kuleylka kuleylka ayaa si isku mid ah ugu xiran dusha qeybta, waxayna la xiriirtaa qayb kasta si ay u baabi'iso kuleylka.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, saameynta kuleylka kuleylka ma fiicna sababtoo ah joogteynta liidata ee dhererka inta lagu jiro ururinta iyo alxanka qaybaha.Caadi ahaan, wejiga kuleylka jilicsan ee isbeddelka kuleylka ayaa lagu daraa dusha sare ee qaybta si loo hagaajiyo saameynta kulaylka.

03
Qalabka qaata qaboojinta hawo wareejinta bilaashka ah, waxa fiican in la habeeyo wareegyada isku dhafan (ama qalabyada kale) si toos ah ama toosan.

04
Qaado naqshad fiilooyinka macquulka ah si aad u xaqiijiso daadinta kulaylka.Sababtoo ah xabagta ku jirta saxanka ayaa leh kulaylka kuleylka liidata, iyo xariiqyada birta ah ee naxaasta iyo godadka ayaa ah kulaylka wanaagsan, kordhinta heerka soo haray ee foornada naxaasta iyo kordhinta godadka kulaylka ayaa ah habka ugu muhiimsan ee kulaylka.Si loo qiimeeyo awoodda kala daadinta kulaylka PCB, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xisaabiyo kuleyl u dhigma (sagaal eq) ee walxaha isku dhafan ee ka kooban walxo kala duwan oo leh kulaylka kala duwan - substrate-ka dahaaran ee PCB.

05
Aaladaha ku jira isla looxa daabacan waa in loo habeeyaa sida ugu fog ee suurtogalka ah iyadoo loo eegayo qiimaha kalooriyada iyo heerka kala daadinta kulaylka.Aaladaha leh qiime calorific yar ama caabbinta kulaylka liidata (sida transistors-yar-yar, wareegyada isku dhafan ee cabbirka yar, capacitors electrolytic, iwm) waa in lagu dhejiyaa socodka hawada qaboojinta.Qulqulka ugu sarreeya (halka laga soo galo), aaladaha leh kulayl weyn ama caabbinta kulaylka (sida transistor-ka korantada, wareegyada isku dhafan ee baaxadda weyn, iwm) ayaa la dhigayaa meesha ugu hooseysa ee socodka hawada qaboojinta.

06
Jihada toosan, aaladaha awooda sare leh ayaa loo habeeyey sida ugu dhow cidhifka guddiga daabacan si loo gaabiyo jidka kulaylka;jihada toosan, qalabka awoodda sare leh ayaa loo habeeyey sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah ee ugu sarreeya ee looxa daabacan si loo yareeyo saameynta qalabkan heerkulka qalabka kale..

07
Kala-baxa kulaylka ee looxa daabacan ee qalabku wuxuu inta badan ku tiirsan yahay socodka hawada, markaa dariiqa socodka hawada waa in la daraaseeyaa inta lagu jiro naqshadeynta, iyo qalabka ama guddiga wareegga daabacan waa in si macquul ah loo habeeyaa.

Marka hawadu socoto, had iyo jeer waxay u egtahay inay ku qulqulayso meelaha iska caabbinta hooseeya, markaa marka la isku hagaajinayo aaladaha sabuuradda wareegga daabacan, iska ilaali inaad ka tagto hawo weyn meel gaar ah.

Habaynta looxyada wareegyada daabacan ee badan ee mashiinka oo dhan waa in sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan dhibaatada isku midka ah.

08
Qalabka heerkulka xasaasiga ah ayaa si fiican loo dhigaa aagga heerkulka ugu hooseeya (sida qaybta hoose ee qalabka).Waligaa si toos ah ha u dul dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha.Way fiicantahay in lagu dhufto aalado badan diyaaradda jiifka ah.

09
Dhig qalabka leh isticmaalka tamarta ugu sarreeya iyo kulaylka jiilka meel u dhow meesha ugu fiican ee kuleylka kuleylka.Ha dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha sare geesaha iyo cidhifyada looxa daabacan, ilaa meel u dhow kulaylka lagu hagaajiyo mooyee.Markaad naqshadaynayso iska caabiyaha awoodda, dooro qalab weyn sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, oo ka dhig meel ku filan oo loogu talagalay kulaylka marka la hagaajinayo qaabka looxa daabacan.

10
Ka fogow fiirsashada dhibcaha kulul ee PCB-ga, u qaybi awoodda si siman guddiga PCB intii suurtogal ah, oo ilaali waxqabadka heerkulka dusha PCB mid lebis ah oo joogto ah.

Inta badan way adag tahay in la gaaro qaybinta isku midka ah ee adag inta lagu jiro habka naqshadeynta, laakiin meelaha leh cufnaanta awoodda aadka u sarreeya waa in laga fogaadaa si looga hortago dhibco kulul inay saameeyaan hawlgalka caadiga ah ee wareegga oo dhan.

Haddii ay suurtagal tahay, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la falanqeeyo waxtarka kulaylka ee wareegga daabacan.Tusaale ahaan, moduleka falanqaynta hufnaanta kuleyliyaha ee barnaamijka falanqaynta ee lagu daray qaar ka mid ah barnaamijyada naqshadaynta PCB ee xirfadleyda ah ayaa ka caawin kara naqshadeeyayaasha inay wanaajiyaan naqshadeynta wareegga.