1. Nidaamka isku darka

Lakabka 'kiimikada' kiimikada-kiimikada loo isticmaalo koritaanka tooska ah ee khadadka shirkadaha maxalliga ah ee dusha sare ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee dusha sare ee ka-hortagga ah ee lagu garto inribitos dheeraad ah.

Hababka ku-darida ee guddiga wareega ee guddiga wareega ayaa loo qaybin karaa isku-darka buuxa, isugeynta iyo qayb ahaan qayb ahaan iyo siyaabo kale oo kala duwan.

2. Dib u soo celinta Rugta, gadaal

Waa qaro weyn (sida 0.093 ", 0.125"), Guddiga Kobcita, oo si gaar ah loo galiyay oo lagu xidho looxyo kale. Tan waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyada oo lagu gelinayo isku xidhka 'PIN' godka adag ee godka adag, laakiin uusan ku jirin iibin, ka dibna mid mid ku fiirinaya silig oo uu isku xidhmayo guddiga. Xiriiriyaha ayaa si gooni ah loo galin karaa guddiga wareega guud. Sababta oo ah guddi gaar ah, god malaha, laakiin ha u daayo derbiga godyada iyo hagida siligyada tooska ah ee adag, si fudud uma fududado in la aqbalo qaabkan noocan ah, laakiin waxay ku dhowaad tahay in la aqbalo darajo sare oo ah warshadda gaarka ah ee Mareykanka.

3. Geedi socodka dhisidda

Tani waa qayb cusub oo loogu talagalay dadka dunida qafirta ah, iftiinka hore waxaa laga soo qaatay nidaamka IBM SLC SLC, oo ku saleysan xalka laba-geesoodka ah ee jaban yahay, ka dib marka loo eego miisaaniyadda lakabka xiga ee qaabka hoose "dareenka daloolka indhaha" Via), ka dibna illaa kiimikada kordha oo ka dib oo ah lakabka kore ee naxaasta ah iyo lakabka saafiga naxaasta ah, iyo soo-saaraha xadka ka dib, ka dib, waxay heli kartaa siligga cusub ee godka lagu aaso godka ama godka indha la '. Lakabka soo noqnoqda ayaa dhali doonta tirada loo baahan yahay lakabyada. Qaabkani kaliya kama fogaan karo qiimaha ka qaalisan ee qoditaanka farsamada, laakiin wuxuu sidoo kale yareeyaa dhexroorka godka in ka yar 10mil. In ka badan 5 ~ 6 sano ee la soo dhaafay, dhammaan noocyada kala goynta lakabka dhaqanka qabashada tikniyoolajiyadda dhaqameed ee is khilaafsan, oo ka dhigta geedi socodka dhisidda, alaabada jira ee jira, alaabooyinka jira ayaa liis garaysan yihiin in ka badan 10 nooc. Marka laga reebo "sawirrada sawirada"; Ka dib markii laga saaro daboolka naxaas ah oo leh godad, qaab "god" oo kala duwan " Intaas waxaa sii dheer, resin cusub ee resper-ka ee la daboolay fashilka naxaasta ah (resin daboolan fash-ka-qabka naxaasta ah) ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu khafiifiyo, wax yar oo lakab ah oo lakab ah oo lakab ah oo lakab ah. Mustaqbalka, badeecooyinka elektiroonigga ah ee kaladuwan ayaa noqon doona nooca noocan oo kale ah oo lakab ah oo lataliye ah.

4.

Budada dhoobada ah iyo budada birta ah waa isku dhafan yihiin, oo dhejisyada lagu daray waxay u tahay nooc dahab ah, oo lagu daabici karo dusha sare ee guddiga wareega (ama filim yar oo jilicsan, halkii ay ka noqon lahaayeen dibedda dibedda inta lagu jiro kulanka.

5. Isu-toosi

Waa geedi socod ku saabsan guddiga isbadal ee Porceceel Hybciid. Khadadka wareegga filimka qaro weyn ee suufka qaro weyn ee biraha qaaliga ah ee kaladuwan ee lagu daabacay dusha sare ee guddi yar ayaa lagu ridayaa heerkulka sare. Gawaarida kaladuwan ee kaladuwan ee Filimka qaro weyn ayaa la gubay, taas oo ka tagaysa khadadka safka qaxwada birta ee qaaliga ah ee loo istcimaalayo

6. Cadaadiska

Labada dhinac ee isku-dhafka ah ee laba fiilooyin ah oo ku yaal dusha sare ee boodhka iyo buuxinta in lagu daboolo heerka dhexe ee u dhexeeya dhibcaha dhibcaha ayaa loo yaqaan. Guud ahaan, dusha sare ee rinjiga cagaarka ah oo lagu daray filim kaarboon kaarboon ah jumper, ama habka lakabka ka sarreeya iyo ka hooseeya fiilooyinka ayaa ah "crosige".

7. Gudiga qaddarka

Erey kale oo loogu talagalay guddiga badan ee fiilooyinka, ayaa laga sameeyay wareega wareega silig lagu dhejiyo oo ku dhegan guddiga oo lagu buuxiyo godad. Waxqabadka guddiga noocan ah ee badan ee guddiga gudbinta ee safka sare ayaa ka wanaagsan khadka toosan ee jiirka oo ay ku dhegan tahay PCB-ga caadiga ah.

8. Xarig Dyco

Waa shirkadda Switzerland Dyconex ee shirkadda ay soo saartay dhismaha hawsha ee Zurich. Waa hab la beeniyay oo laga saaro fashilka naxaasta ah ee jagooyinka godadka dusha sare, ka dibna ku dheji cf4, ka dibna loo isticmaali karo in lagu xalliyo saldhiga foomamka ah oo soo saara godadka tooska ah ee loo yaqaan 'Tiny Tilmaanta Tilmaanta' (10Mil 10Mil). Geedi socodka ganacsiga waxaa loo yaqaan Dycotterate.

9. Sawir-gacmeedka elektaroonigga ah

Sawir qaade korantada, sawir-qaadidda elektrophorotate-ka waa mid cusub "oo ah iska caabin cusub" Qaabka dhismaha ", asal ahaan loo isticmaalo muuqaalka sheyga qaaska ah ee" rinjiga korantada ", oo dhawaan loo soo bandhigay arjiga" sawir-qaade ". Iyada oo la adeegsanayo korantada, lagu soo oogay qaxwaha aruurinta ee dib-u-eegista ee dib-u-eegista ee lagu soo dallaco ayaa si isku mid ah loogu shaaciyey dusha naxaas ah ee guddiga wareegga ah ee guddiga wareegga ah ee ka hortaga. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa loo adeegsaday wax soo saar ballaaran oo ku saabsan geedi socodka coper si toos ah oo loo yaqaan 'crening of gudaha dhalmada gudaha. Sawirka nooca noocan ah waxaa lagu ridi karaa asbuucii ama cathode si xushmad leh iyadoo loo eegayo habab hawlgal oo kaladuwan, oo loo yaqaan "sawir-qaadista ANEODE" iyo "cattode yoesist". Sida laga soo xigtay mabda'a kala duwan ee saboolka ah, waxaa jira "sawir-qaadid sawir qaad" (shaqo taban) iyo "jahwareer muuqaal ah" (shaqo fiican) iyo laba nooc oo kale. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, nooca taban ee sawir-qaadidda Ed waxay ahayd mid ganacsi laga sameeyay, laakiin waxaa loo isticmaali karaa oo keliya wakiilka diyaaradda iska caabin ah. Sababta oo ah dhibaatada dhibaatadu ka soo qaaddo daloolka, looma adeegsan karo suuxdinta muuqaalka saxanka kore. Marka loo eego "ed togan", oo loo isticmaali karo wakiilka sawir-qaade ee saxanka dibedda (sababtuna tahay saamaynta sawir-qaadista, la'aanta ka mid ah warshadaha jeebka ee Jabbaanku wali ma saameeyaan adeegsiga wax soo saarka ballaaran, si wax u soo saarka khadadka khafiifka ah si fudud loo gaari karo. Ereyga waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan sawir-qaade elektaroonig ah.

10.

Waa guddi wareeg ah oo gaar ah oo gebi ahaanba la siman yahay muuqaalka oo riixaya dhammaan khadadka fulinta ee saxanka. Dhaqanka gudihiisa kaliya ayaa ah in loo isticmaalo habka wareejinta sawir si loo dhigo qaybta abbarka naxaasta ah ee dusha sare ee guddiga dusha sare ee guddiga salka ah ee ku adkaaday. Heerkul sare iyo jid adag oo sare ayaa khadka tooska ah u noqon doona sadarka guddiga adkaanta, isla mar ahaantaana lagu dhammaystiro shaqada xargaha sadaqada, sadarka dusha sare iyo dhammaan guddiga wareega. Caadi ahaan, lakabka kore ee naxaaska ah ayaa laga saaray dusha sare ee la kariyey si ay tahay 0.3mil nickel lakabka ah, lakabka yodium, ama lakab dahab ah oo ah 10-inji ah oo dahab ah ayaa lagu dhejin karaa iska caabin hoose oo sahlan inta lagu gudajiro taabashada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, habkan looma adeegsan doono Pth, si looga hortago godka inuu ka baxo markii la cadaadinayo. Ma fududa in la gaaro meel gabi ahaanba oo ah dusha sare ee guddiga, waana in loo isticmaalaa heerkulka sare, haddii kale in dib loo ballaariyo ka dibna uu ku riixo sadarka dusha sare. Sidoo kale loo yaqaan etchand-riix, golaha la dhammeeyay waxaa loo yaqaannaa guddiga la isku dayo ee la isku dayo waxaana loo isticmaali karaa ujeedooyin gaar ah sida wareegga wareejinta iyo taabashada xiriirada.

11. Frit

Ku dhex dhexaadiyaha qaro weyn ee filimka (PTF), marka lagu daro kiimikada qafiifka ah ee birta ah, oo ah budada qaraha ee loo baahan yahay in lagu daro si loo ciyaaro saameynta ay ku dhegan tahay sunta substrate ee madhan ayaa sameyn kara nidaam bir ah oo qafiif ah.

12. Habka si buuxda-wax loogu daro

Waxay ku qoran tahay dusha sare ee dahaarka dhameystiran, oo aan lahayn elektaroonig oo ah habka birta ah (aqlabiyadda waa perper kiimikada), koritaanka ku-tashiga ku-wareejinta wareegga, muujinta kale ee aan sax ahayn waa "elektroless" si buuxda u eg ".

13. Wareegtada isku dhafan

Waa substrate khafiif ah oo khafiif ah, habka daabacaadda si loo dabaqo khadka khafiifka ah ee birta sharafta leh, ka dibna heerkulka qadka heerkulka ah ee la gubay, oo uu ku kacayo qadka dhexe ee dusha sare ee alxanka. Waa nooc ka mid ah xamuulka waddooyinka wareega ee tikniyoolajiyadda filimka qaro weyn ee u dhexeeya guddiga wareejinta ee daabacan iyo semiconductor isku dhafan. Horey loo adeegsaday codsiyada militariga ama barnaamijyada sare, Beelaha ayaa si dhakhso ah u koray sanadihii ugu dambeeyay sababtoo ah qiimaha sare, oo hoos u dhacaya awoodda militariga, iyo sidoo kale soosaarka otomatiga ah, iyo dhagaxa sii kordhaya ee looxyada wareega.

14. Interposer

Interposer waxaa loola jeedaa laba lakab oo wadeyaal ah oo ay qaadaan jir xasaasi ah oo ku daraya iyadoo lagu daro qaar ka mid ah buuxinta xamuulka ee meesha lagu qabto. Tusaale ahaan, godka huwan ee saxanka badan, sida buuxinta qalin qalin ama koollada naxaasta ah si loo beddelo derbiga golker othodox naxaas ah, ama agabyada lakabka caagga ah ee mideynta midabka ee aan ahayn, ayaa dhammaantood is-dhexgalka ah ee noocan ah.

15. Laser tooska ah ee sawirka (LDI)

Waa in lagu riixaa saxanka ku lifaaqan filimka qallalan, mar dambe ha u isticmaalin soo-gaadhista xun ee wareejinta muuqaalka, laakiin halkii laga isticmaali lahaa biilka kombiyuutarka ee kumbuyuutarka, si toos ah filimka qallalan ee sawirka si dhakhso leh sawirka sawir-qaadista. Darbiga dhinaca ee filimka qallalan ka dib markii la sawiro ayaa ah mid toosan maxaa yeelay iftiinka ayaa la barbar dhigayaa hal beerta tamarta urursan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, habku wuxuu kaliya ka shaqeyn karaa Gole kasta si shaqsi ah, sidaa darteed xawaaraha waxsoosaarka ballaaran ayaa aad uga dhakhso badan isticmaalka filimka iyo soo-gaadhista dhaqanka. LDI kaliya waxay soo saari kartaa 30 loox oo cabbir dhexdhexaad ah saacaddii, sidaa darteed mararka qaarkood waxay ka muuqataa nooca kaliya ee cadeynta xaashida ama qiimaha qaybta sare. Sababta oo ah qiimaha sare ee lagu dhasho ee lagu dhasho, way adag tahay in la dhiirrigeliyo warshadaha

16.Khasaaraha laser

Warshadaha elektiroonigga ah, waxaa jira howlo badan oo sax ah, sida goynta, qodista, alxanka, iwm. Laser waxaa loola jeedaa "soo gaabinta iftiinka ee soo gaabinta shucaaca" soo gaabinta, loo tarjumay "laser" by warshadaha mainland ee tarjumaadda bilaashka ah, inbadan illaa barta. Laser waxaa la sameeyay 1959 oo ay sameeyeen Pinicist-ka Mareykanka ee PS Moser, oo adeegsaday hal shey oo iftiin ah si uu u soo saaro iftiin laser luul. Sanado cilmi baaris ah ayaa abuuray hab hawl-socod oo cusub. Marka laga reebo warshadaha elektiroonigga ah, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa xagga caafimaadka iyo milatariga

17. Gudiga Micro Wire

Guddiga gaarka ah ee wareegga gaarka ah ee is dhexgalka Pth Interlayer Interlayer Interlayer ayaa badanaa loo yaqaanaa Blactireboard. Marka cufnaanta fiilooyinka ay aad u sarreeyaan (160 ~ 250in / in2), laakiin dhexroorka fiire aad u yar (oo ka yar 25mil), waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan guddiga wareegga-shaabadiisa ee shaabadaysan.

18. Cirxif

Waxay isticmaaleysaa caaryo saddex-cabbir ah, samee duritaanka cabir ama hab isbadal ah si aad u dhammaystirto geedi socodka gudiga steremo codit, oo loo yaqaan 'wareegga "wareejinta nidaamka isku xidhka

19. Golaha Muliwiring
Waxay adeegsaneysaa silig shin oo aad u dhuuban, oo si toos ah dusha sare dusha sare oo aan lahayn saxanka shaashadda, ka dibna ku daadiya dahaarka iyo qoditaanka, oo loo yaqaan "guddiga badan ee lakabka badan". Tan waxaa soo saaray PCK, shirkad Mareykan ah, waxaana wali la soo saaraa Hitachi oo leh shirkad reer Japan ah. MWB-gu waxay ku badbaadin kartaa waqti ku qoran naqshadeynta waxayna ku habboon tahay tiro yar oo mashiinno leh wareegyo adag.

20. Foolka birta sharafta leh

Waa koollo katirsan oo loogu talagalay daabacaadda wareejinta qaro weyn. Markii lagu daabaco substrate-ka-dhajinta muraayadaha daabacaadda shaashadda, ka dibna side wadaha dabiiciga ah waxaa lagu gubay heerkulka sare, wareegga birta ee go'an ayaa muuqata. Budada birta ah ee birta ah waxay ku dartay koollada waa inay noqotaa bir sharaf leh si looga fogaado sameynta okhiinka ee heerkulka sare. Isticmaalayaasha badeecadaha waxay leeyihiin dahab, platinum, rhadium, palladium ama bir kale oo qaali ah.

21. Pads oo kaliya guddiga

Maalmihii hore ee qalab-daloolo, qaar ka mid ah guddiyada isku haleeya ee isku-dhafka ah ayaa si fudud looga hadlaa godka iyo giraanta weld ee ka baxsan saxanka oo ay ku qariyaan khadadka isku-xirnaanta ee lakabka hoose ee hoose si loo hubiyo awooda loo iibiyo. Nooca noocan ah ee dheeraadka ah ee guddiga laguma daabacan doono rinjiga cagaaran oo dhan, muuqaalka muuqaalka gaarka ah, kormeerka tayada waa mid aad u adag.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah sababtoo ah kordhinta cufnaanta, alaabooyin badan oo elektiroonig ah oo la qaadi karo Burburka dusha sare ee naxaasta ah, saxanka smt sidoo kale waa gudiga gogosha kaliya

22. Filimka qaro weyn ee polymer (ptf)

Waa dhakhaatiirta daabacaadda birta ee qaaliga ah ee loo adeegsaday soo-saarista wareegyada, ama koollada daabacaadda ee sameysma filim cakiran oo daabacan, oo ku saabsan sunta caabbinta ee daabacan, iyadoo lagu daabaco daabacaadda shaashadda iyo is-miidaaminta shaashadda. Marka side dabiiciga ah la gubo, nidaam wareegga wareega si adag ugu xidhan waa la sameeyay. Taargooyinka noocan oo kale ah ayaa guud ahaan loogu yeeraa wareegga isku-dhafka ah.

23. Nidaamka isku-darka ee semi

Waa in lagu tilmaamaa in lagu tilmaamo shaashadda shaashadda, marka hore si toos ah ugu baahan si toos ah naxaasta kiimikada, isbedelka mar labaad elektaroonigga ah ee naxaasta ah micnaheedu waa in la sii wado dhumucgu, waca "semi-wax-lagu soo diro".

Haddii habka kiimikada kiimikada loo isticmaalo dhammaan dhumucda xariiqda, habka waxaa lagu magacaabaa "isugeyn wadarta". Xusuusnow in qeexitaanka kor ku xusan ay ka timid * qeexitaanka IPC-T-50E oo la daabacay July 1992, oo ka duwan kan asalka IPC-T-50D (1988). Qaybta 'D-ga', sida caadiga ah ee laga ogyahay warshadaha, waxaa loola jeedaa substrate-ka midkoodna waa mid qaawan, mid aan qaban-qaadin, ama fashil jilicsan oo naxaas ah (sida 1/4/8/8/8/8/8 / 8.). Wareejinta sawirka ee wakiilka iska caabin ee taban ayaa loo diyaariyey oo wareegga loo baahan yahay waxaa ku sii qanaasiiya naxaas kiimikada ama tusinta naxaasta ah. 50e cusub ma xuso ereyga "naxaas khafiif ah". Farqiga u dhexeeya labada bayaan ayaa weyn, oo fikradaha akhristayaashana waxay u muuqdaan inay la socdaan waqtiyada.

24.Subscencent andentent and

Waa dusha sare ee ka saarida xarkaha naxaas ee aan micnaha lahayn, oo loo yaqaan "Qaabka Hoose ee loo yaqaan" Qaabka yareynta ", waa guud ahaan guud ahaan guddiga wareega sannado badan. Tani waxay u egtahay habka "isugeynta" habka lagu daro khadadka marinnada naxaas ah si toos ah hoos udhaca hoose ee aan la garaneyn.

25. wareegga filimka qaro weyn

PTF (PLYMER Plimer FitE), oo ay ku jiraan bir qaali ah, oo lagu daabacay sunta chomisumicide (sida aluminium trioxide) ka dibna waxaa lagu ridayaa heerkulka sare si uu uga dhigo nidaamka wareegga, kaas oo loo yaqaan "wareegga filimka qaro weyn". Waa nooc ka mid ah wareegga yar ee hybrid. Jumer Paser Paser Paser ee PCB-yada hal-dhinac ah sidoo kale waa daabacaadda filimka oo qaro weyn laakiin uma baahna in lagu rito heerkulka sare. Khadadka dusha sare ee ku daabacan dusha sare ee sunta kala duwan waxaa lagu magacaabaa "filim qaro" kaliya marka dhumucda ay ka badan tahay "Nidaamka Wareejinta Muhiimka ah ee" Nidaamka Wareejinta "waxaa loo yaqaan" tikniyoolajiyadda filimka "qaro weyn".

26. tikniyoolajiyadda filimka dhuuban
Waa dariiqa iyo wareegga isku xidhka ee ku lifaaqan substrate, halkaasoo dhumucda uu ka yar yahay 0.1mm [4MM], oo ay ka samaysan tahay bushkuleet, prodic-ka, iwm., Iwm. Alaabada la taaban karo waxay leeyihiin filim jilicsan oo isku-dhafan oo isku-dhafan oo isku dhafan oo isku dhafan, iwm

27. Ku wareeji wareegga layaala

Waa hab wax soo saar cusub oo guddi ah oo loo yaqaan 'Swidit Guddi' Ka dib markii uu ku dhajinayo filimka qallalan, siligga saliidaha birta ee birta ah ee birta ah ayaa lagu cadaadin karaa heerkul sare ilaa filimka adag ee adkaanta. Ka dib ka saar saxanka birta ee birta ah, waxaad ka heli kartaa dusha sare ee wareega wareega wareega guladka. Waxaa ku xigi kara qoditaanka iyo godadka godadka si loo helo is dhexgalka is dhexgalka.

Cc - 4 copermpler4; Sawir-qaabiyeyaasha 'Edelectro--gitesist' waa hab isku-darka isku-darka ah ee ay ka soo saartay 'PCK' PCK Pisk-Perpper-bilaashka ah ee ku saabsan joornaalka 47aad ee joornaalka Tooska ah ee Tooska ah). Mlc (dhoola fure) (Deegaanka Laminar ee Deegaanka ee Laminar iyada oo loo marayo god); plate yar oo pid (sawir la qiyaasi karo looxyo wareega wareega badan; Ptf (Saxaafadda PTF) Khadka dahaarka dusha sare waa tikniyoolajiyad cusub oo ay daabacday sheybaarka IBM YASU, Juun bishii Juun 1993.