Habka kala daadinta kulaylka PCB fudud oo la taaban karo

Qalabka elektaroonigga ah, xaddi kuleyl ah ayaa la soo saaraa inta lagu jiro hawlgalka, si heerkulka gudaha ee qalabku si degdeg ah u kordho. Haddii kulaylka aan la daadin wakhtiga, qalabku wuu sii wadi doonaa inuu kululeeyo, qalabkuna wuu ku guuldareysan doonaa sababtoo ah kulaylka. Kalsoonida qalabka elektaroonigga ah Waxqabadku wuu yaraan doonaa.

 

Sidaa darteed, aad bay muhiim u tahay in lagu sameeyo daawaynta kulaylka wanaagsan ee guddiga wareegga. Kulaylka kuleyliyaha guddiga wareegga PCB waa xiriir aad muhiim u ah, haddaba waa maxay farsamada kulaylka ee guddiga wareegga PCB, aan si wadajir ah uga wada hadalno hoos.

01
Kulaylka kulaylka iyada oo loo marayo looxa PCB laftiisa Looxyada PCB-ga ee hadda sida weyn loo isticmaalo waa maro dhalada ah oo ka samaysan naxaasta/epoxy ama maro dhalada ah oo resin ah, iyo qadar yar oo waraaqo ah oo naxaas ah ayaa la isticmaalaa.

Inkasta oo substrate-yadani ay leeyihiin sifooyin koronto oo heer sare ah iyo sifooyin wax-qabad, waxay leeyihiin kulayl xumo. Sida habka kulaylka ee qaybaha kulaylka sare, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in laga filayo kulaylka resin ee PCB laftiisa si uu u sameeyo kulayl, laakiin si uu u kala saaro kuleylka dusha sare ee qaybta hawada ku wareegsan.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, sida alaabada elektiroonigga ah ay soo galeen xilligii miniaturization ee qaybaha, dhejinta cufnaanta sare, iyo kulaylka sare ee kuleylka, kuma filna in lagu tiirsanaado dusha sare ee qayb leh meel aad u yar si ay u daadiso kuleylka.

Isla mar ahaantaana, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay isticmaalka ballaaran ee qaybaha buurta dusha sare sida QFP iyo BGA, xaddi badan oo kulayl ah oo ay abuuraan qaybaha ayaa loo wareejiyaa guddiga PCB. Sidaa darteed, habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu xallin karo dhibaatada kuleylka kuleylka waa in la hagaajiyo awoodda kuleylka PCB lafteeda, taas oo si toos ah ula xiriirta qalabka kuleylka, iyada oo loo marayo guddiga PCB. La qabtay ama la shiday.

 

Sidaa darteed, aad bay muhiim u tahay in lagu sameeyo daawaynta kulaylka wanaagsan ee guddiga wareegga. Kulaylka kuleyliyaha guddiga wareegga PCB waa xiriir aad muhiim u ah, haddaba waa maxay farsamada kulaylka ee guddiga wareegga PCB, aan si wadajir ah uga doodno hoos.

01
Kulaylka kulaylka iyada oo loo marayo looxa PCB laftiisa Looxyada PCB-ga ee hadda sida weyn loo isticmaalo waa maro dhalada ah oo ka samaysan naxaasta/epoxy ama maro dhalada ah oo resin ah, iyo qadar yar oo waraaqo ah oo naxaas ah ayaa la isticmaalaa.

Inkasta oo substrate-yadani ay leeyihiin sifooyin koronto oo heer sare ah iyo sifooyin wax-qabad, waxay leeyihiin kulayl xumo. Sida habka kulaylka ee qaybaha kulaylka sare, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in laga filayo kulaylka resin ee PCB laftiisa si uu u sameeyo kulayl, laakiin si uu u kala saaro kuleylka dusha sare ee qaybta hawada ku wareegsan.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, sida alaabada elektiroonigga ah ay soo galeen xilligii miniaturization ee qaybaha, dhejinta cufnaanta sare, iyo kulaylka sare ee kuleylka, kuma filna in lagu tiirsanaado dusha sare ee qayb leh meel aad u yar si ay u daadiso kuleylka.

Isla mar ahaantaana, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay isticmaalka ballaaran ee qaybaha buurta dusha sare sida QFP iyo BGA, xaddi badan oo kulayl ah oo ay abuuraan qaybaha ayaa loo wareejiyaa guddiga PCB. Sidaa darteed, habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu xallin karo dhibaatada kuleylka kuleylka waa in la hagaajiyo awoodda kuleylka PCB lafteeda, taas oo si toos ah ula xiriirta qalabka kuleylka, iyada oo loo marayo guddiga PCB. La qabtay ama la shiday.

 

Marka hawadu socoto, had iyo jeer waxay u egtahay inay ku qulqulayso meelaha iska caabbinta hooseeya, markaa marka la isku hagaajinayo aaladaha sabuuradda wareegga daabacan, iska ilaali inaad ka tagto hawo weyn meel gaar ah. Habaynta looxyada wareegyada daabacan ee badan ee mashiinka oo dhan waa in sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan dhibaatada isku midka ah.

Qalabka heerkulka xasaasiga ah ayaa si fiican loo dhigaa aagga heerkulka ugu hooseeya (sida qaybta hoose ee qalabka). Waligaa si toos ah ha u dul dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha. Way fiicantahay in lagu dhufto aalado badan diyaaradda jiifka ah.

Dhig qalabka leh isticmaalka tamarta ugu sarreeya iyo kulaylka jiilka meel u dhow meesha ugu fiican ee kuleylka kuleylka. Ha dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha sare geesaha iyo cidhifyada looxa daabacan, ilaa meel u dhow kulaylka lagu hagaajiyo mooyee.

Markaad naqshadaynayso iska caabiyaha awoodda, dooro qalab weyn sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, oo ka dhig meel ku filan oo loogu talagalay kulaylka marka la hagaajinayo qaabka looxa daabacan.

 

Qaybaha kulaylka sareeyo oo lagu daray hiitarka iyo taarikada kulaylka hagaya. Marka tiro yar oo ka mid ah qaybaha PCB-gu ay dhaliyaan kulayl badan (in ka yar 3), weel kulaylka ama tuubada kulaylka ayaa lagu dari karaa qaybaha kulaylka dhaliya. Marka heerkulka aan hoos loo dhigi karin, waxaa la isticmaali karaa hiitarka leh marawaxad si kor loogu qaado saamaynta kulaylka.

Marka tirada aaladaha kuleylku ay badan yihiin (in ka badan 3), dabool weyn oo kuleylka kuleylka ah ayaa la isticmaali karaa (board), kaas oo ah weel kuleyl gaar ah oo loo habeeyey iyadoo loo eegayo booska iyo dhererka qalabka kuleylka PCB ama guri weyn. weelka kulaylka Jar meelaha dhererka qaybaha kala duwan. Daboolka kuleylka kuleylka ayaa si isku mid ah ugu xiran dusha qeybta, waxayna la xiriirtaa qayb kasta si ay u baabi'iso kuleylka.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, saameynta kuleylka kuleylka ma fiicna sababtoo ah joogteynta liidata ee dhererka inta lagu jiro ururinta iyo alxanka qaybaha. Caadi ahaan, wejiga kuleylka jilicsan ee isbeddelka kuleylka ayaa lagu daraa dusha sare ee qaybta si loo hagaajiyo saameynta kulaylka.

 

03
Qalabka qaata qaboojinta hawo wareejinta bilaashka ah, waxa fiican in la habeeyo wareegyada isku dhafan (ama aaladaha kale) si toos ah ama toosan.

04
Qaado naqshad fiilooyinka macquulka ah si aad u xaqiijiso daadinta kulaylka. Sababtoo ah xabagta ku jirta saxanka ayaa leh kulaylka kuleylka liidata, iyo xariiqyada birta ah ee naxaasta iyo godadka ayaa ah kulaylka wanaagsan, kordhinta heerka soo haray ee foornada naxaasta iyo kordhinta godadka kulaylka ayaa ah habka ugu muhiimsan ee kulaylka. Si loo qiimeeyo awoodda kala daadinta kulaylka PCB, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xisaabiyo kuleyl u dhigma (sagaal eq) ee walxaha isku dhafan ee ka kooban walxo kala duwan oo leh kulaylka kala duwan - substrate-ka dahaaran ee PCB.

 

Qaybaha ku jira isla looxa daabacan waa in loo habeeyaa inta ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah iyadoo loo eegayo qiimaha kalooriga iyo heerka kala-baxa kulaylka. Aaladaha leh qiime calorific yar ama caabbinta kulaylka liidata (sida transistor-yada yaryar, wareegyada isku dhafan ee cabbirka yar, capacitors electrolytic, iwm) waa in lagu dhejiyaa socodka hawada qaboojinta. Qulqulka ugu sarreeya (halka laga soo galo), aaladaha leh kulayl weyn ama caabbinta kulaylka (sida transistor-ka korantada, wareegyada isku dhafan ee baaxadda weyn, iwm) ayaa la dhigayaa meesha ugu hooseysa ee socodka hawada qaboojinta.

06
Jihada toosan, aaladaha awooda sare leh ayaa loo habeeyey sida ugu dhow cidhifka guddiga daabacan si loo gaabiyo jidka kulaylka; jihada toosan, qalabka awoodda sare leh ayaa loo habeeyey sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah ee ugu sarreeya ee looxa daabacan si loo yareeyo saameynta qalabkan heerkulka qalabka kale. .

07
Kala-baxa kulaylka ee looxa daabacan ee qalabku wuxuu inta badan ku tiirsan yahay socodka hawada, markaa dariiqa socodka hawada waa in la daraaseeyaa inta lagu jiro naqshadeynta, iyo qalabka ama guddiga wareegga daabacan waa in si macquul ah loo habeeyaa.

Marka hawadu socoto, had iyo jeer waxay u egtahay inay ku qulqulayso meelaha iska caabbinta hooseeya, markaa marka la isku hagaajinayo aaladaha sabuuradda wareegga daabacan, iska ilaali inaad ka tagto hawo weyn meel gaar ah.

Habaynta looxyada wareegyada daabacan ee badan ee mashiinka oo dhan waa in sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan dhibaatada isku midka ah.

 

08
Qalabka heerkulka xasaasiga ah ayaa si fiican loo dhigaa aagga heerkulka ugu hooseeya (sida qaybta hoose ee qalabka). Waligaa si toos ah ha u dul dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha. Way fiicantahay in lagu dhufto aalado badan diyaaradda jiifka ah.

09
Dhig qalabka leh isticmaalka tamarta ugu sarreeya iyo kulaylka jiilka meel u dhow meesha ugu fiican ee kuleylka kuleylka. Ha dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha sare geesaha iyo cidhifyada looxa daabacan, ilaa meel u dhow kulaylka lagu hagaajiyo mooyee. Markaad naqshadaynayso iska caabiyaha awoodda, dooro qalab weyn sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, oo ka dhig meel ku filan oo loogu talagalay kulaylka marka la hagaajinayo qaabka looxa daabacan.

 

10.Avoid fiirsashada of dhibco kulul on PCB ah, qaybiyo awoodda siman on guddiga PCB sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, iyo sii PCB dusha waxqabadka heerkulka labis iyo joogto ah. Inta badan waa adag tahay in la gaaro qaybinta direyska adag inta lagu jiro habka design, laakiin meelaha leh cufnaanta awoodda aadka u sarreeya waa in laga fogaadaa si looga hortago dhibco kulul inay saameeyaan hawlgalka caadiga ah ee wareegga oo dhan. Haddii ay suurtogal tahay, waa lagama maarmaan in la falanqeeyo waxtarka kuleylka ee wareegga daabacan. Tusaale ahaan, moduleka falanqaynta hufnaanta kuleyliyaha ee barnaamijka falanqaynta ee lagu daray qaar ka mid ah barnaamijyada naqshadaynta PCB ee xirfadleyda ah ayaa ka caawin kara naqshadeeyayaasha inay wanaajiyaan naqshadeynta wareegga.