Kulaylka ka dhasha qalabka elektaroonigga ah inta lagu jiro hawlgalka wuxuu keenaa heerkulka gudaha ee qalabka inuu si degdeg ah u kaco. Haddii kulaylka aan la daadin wakhtiga, qalabku wuu sii wadi doonaa inuu kululeeyo, qalabku wuu ku guuldareysan doonaa sababtoo ah kulaylka, iyo kalsoonida qalabka elektaroonigga ah ayaa hoos u dhacaya. Sidaa darteed, aad bay muhiim u tahay in kuleylka loo diro guddiga wareegga.

Falanqaynta Cunsurka ee Kor u kaca Heerkulka Wareegga Daabacan

Sababta tooska ah ee kor u kaca heerkulka boodhka daabacan waxaa sabab u ah joogitaanka aaladaha isticmaalka korantada wareegga, iyo aaladaha elektiroonigga ah waxay leeyihiin isticmaalka koronto heerar kala duwan, kulaylka kuleylka ayaa isbeddelaya isticmaalka tamarta.

Laba ifafaale oo heerkulka kor u kaca ee looxyada daabacan:
(1) Kor u kaca heerkulka deegaanka ama kor u kaca heerkulka aagga weyn;
(2) Kor u kaca heerkulka muddada-gaaban ama kor u kaca heerkulka muddada-dheer.

Marka la falanqeynayo isticmaalka tamarta kulaylka PCB, guud ahaan dhinacyada soo socda.

Isticmaalka korontada
(1) Falanqaynta isticmaalka tamarta halkii unug;
(2) Falanqee qaybinta isticmaalka korontada ee guddiga wareegga PCB.

2. Qaab dhismeedka looxa daabacan
(1) Baaxadda looxa daabacan;
(2) Qalabka looxa daabacan.

3. Habka rakibida ee looxa daabacan
(1) Habka rakibaadda (sida rakibidda toosan iyo rakibidda toosan);
(2) Xaaladda xiridda iyo fogaanta kaaska.

4. Shucaaca kulaylka
(1) Saamaynta dusha looxa daabacan;
(2) Farqiga heerkulka u dhexeeya guddiga daabacan iyo dusha ku xiga iyo heerkulkooda dhammaystiran;

5. Qabashada kulaylka
(1) Ku rakib hiitarka;
(2) Qabashada qaybaha kale ee qaabdhismeedka rakibidda.

6. Kulaylka kulaylka
(1) Isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah;
(2) Qaboojinta qasabka ah.

Falanqaynta arrimaha kor ku xusan ee PCB waa hab wax ku ool ah oo lagu xalliyo kor u kaca heerkulka boodhka daabacan. Arrimahani waxay inta badan la xiriiraan oo ku tiirsan yihiin badeecada iyo nidaamka. Qodobbada intooda badan waa in lagu falanqeeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladda dhabta ah, kaliya xaalad gaar ah oo dhab ah. Xaaladdan oo keliya ayaa lagu xisaabin karaa cabbirrada kor u kaca heerkulka iyo isticmaalka korontada ama si sax ah loo qiyaaso.

Habka qaboojinta guddiga wareegga

1. Qalab sare oo soo saara kulaylka iyo saxanka kulaylka
Marka dhowr qalab oo PCB ku jira ay dhaliyaan kuleyl aad u badan (in ka yar 3), weel kulaylka ama tuubada kulaylka ayaa lagu dari karaa qalabka kuleylka dhaliya. Marka heerkulka aan hoos loo dhigi karin, weelka kulaylka leh marawaxad ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si kor loogu qaado saamaynta kulaylka. Marka ay jiraan qalab badan oo kuleyl ah (in ka badan 3), dabool weyn oo kuleylka kuleylka ah ayaa la isticmaali karaa. Waa hiitarka gaarka ah ee loo habeeyey iyadoo loo eegayo booska iyo dhererka qalabka kuleyliyaha ee looxa PCB ama hiitarka fidsan ee weyn Jar dhererka qaybaha kala duwan. Ku xidh daboolka kulaylka dusha sare ee qaybta, oo la xiriir qayb kasta si aad u baabiiso kulaylka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababtoo ah isku dheelitirnaanta liidata ee qaybaha inta lagu jiro isku-dhafka iyo alxanka, saameynta kuleylka kuleylka ma fiicna. Caadi ahaan suufka kuleylka ah ee isbeddelka jilicsan ee jilicsan ayaa lagu daraa dusha qaybta si loo hagaajiyo saameynta kulaylka.

2. Kulaylka oo ka baxa guddiga PCB laftiisa
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, taarikada PCB-ga ee aadka loo isticmaalo waa maro-kooxeed/poxy-glaas substrates ama maro dhalada ah oo resin ah, iyo qadar yar oo waraaqo ah oo naxaas ah oo xiran ayaa la isticmaalaa. Inkasta oo substrate-yadani ay leeyihiin waxqabad koronto oo heer sare ah iyo waxqabadka farsamaynta, waxay leeyihiin kuleyl liidata. Sida dariiqa kulaylka ee qaybaha kulaylka sareeyo, PCB lafteedu si dhib leh ayaa loo filan karaa inay ku qabato kulaylka xabagta PCB-ga, laakiin si ay u kala daadiso kulaylka dusha qaybta una gudbiso hawada ku wareegsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida alaabta elektarooniga ah ayaa soo galay xilligii miniaturization ee qaybaha, rakibidda cufnaanta sare, iyo kulaylka sare, kuma filna in lagu tiirsanaado dusha sare ee qaybaha leh meel aad u yar si ay u daadiyaan kulaylka. Isla mar ahaantaana, sababtoo ah isticmaalka culus ee qaybaha dusha sare ku xiran sida QFP iyo BGA, kulaylka ay abuuraan qaybaha ayaa loo wareejiyaa guddiga PCB tiro badan. Sidaa darteed, habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu xallin karo kulaylka kuleylka waa in la hagaajiyo awoodda kuleylka PCB lafteeda si toos ah ula xiriirida qalabka kuleylka. Samee ama sii daaya.

3. Qaado nakhshad macquul ah oo dariiq ah si aad u gaarto kuleylka kuleylka
Maxaa yeelay, conductivity kaamerada ee xabagta xaashida waa liidata, iyo khadadka bireed copper iyo godadka waa kirishbooyada wanaagsan ee kulaylka, hagaajinta heerka haraaga bireed copper iyo kordhinta godadka conduction kulaylku waa habka ugu muhiimsan ee daadinta kulaylka.
Si loo qiimeeyo awoodda kala daadinta kulaylka PCB, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xisaabiyo kuleyl u dhigma (sagaal eq) ee walxaha isku dhafan ee ka kooban walxo kala duwan oo leh iskudhafyada kulaylka kala duwan - substrate-ka dahaaran ee PCB.

4. Qalabka isticmaala qaboojinta hawo wareejinta bilaashka ah, waxa fiican in la habeeyo wareegyada isku dhafan (ama qalabyada kale) si toos ah ama toosan.

5. Aaladaha ku jira sabuurada daabacan waa in loo habeeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo kuleylkooda kuleylkooda iyo kuleylkooda inta ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah. Aaladaha leh jiilka kulaylka yar ama caabbinta kulaylka liidata (sida transistor-ka yaryar, wareegyada isku dhafan ee cabbirka yar, capacitors electrolytic, iwm) ayaa lagu meeleeyaa qulqulka ugu sarreeya ee socodka hawada qaboojinta (halka laga soo galo), qalabka leh kulaylka weyn ama Iska caabbinta kulaylka wanaagsan (sida transistor-ka korantada, wareegyada isku dhafan ee baaxadda weyn, iwm.) ayaa la dhigayaa meesha ugu hooseeysa ee socodka hawada qaboojinta.

6. Jihada toosan, qalabka awoodda sare leh waa in lagu dhejiyaa sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah cidhifka looxa daabacan si loo gaabiyo jidka wareejinta kulaylka; jihada toosan, aaladaha awooda sare leh waa in lagu meeleeyaa sida ugu macquulsan ee ugu sarreeya ee looxa daabacan si loo yareeyo heerkulka qalabkan marka la shaqeynayo qalabka kale ee Saamaynta.

7. Qalabka heerkulka xasaasiga ah ayaa ugu fiican in la dhigo aagga heerkulka ugu hooseeya (sida hoose ee qalabka). Waligaa si toos ah ha u dul dhigin qalabka kulaylka dhaliya. Qalab badan ayaa la door bidayaa in lagu dhufto diyaaradda jiifka ah.

8. Kulaylka kuleyliyaha looxa daabacan ee qalabku wuxuu inta badan ku xiran yahay socodka hawada, markaa dariiqa socodka hawada waa in lagu daraa naqshadeynta, iyo qalabka ama guddiga wareegga daabacan waa in si macquul ah loo habeeyaa. Marka hawadu socoto, had iyo jeer waxay u egtahay inay ku qulqulayso halka iska caabbinta yar tahay, markaa marka la habeynayo qalabka ku yaala guddiga wareegga daabacan, waa lagama maarmaan in la iska ilaaliyo in laga tago meel hawo weyn oo meel gaar ah. Habaynta looxyada wareegyada daabacan ee badan ee mashiinka oo dhan waa in sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan dhibaatada isku midka ah.

9. Ka fogow fiirsashada dhibcaha kulul ee PCB-ga, u qaybi awoodda si siman PCB-ga intii suurtogal ah, oo ilaali waxqabadka heerkulka PCB-ga lebbiska iyo joogtaynta. Inta badan way adag tahay in la gaaro qaybinta lebis adag ee habka naqshadeynta, laakiin waa lagama maarmaan in laga fogaado meelaha leh cufnaanta awoodda aadka u sareysa si looga fogaado dhibco kulul oo saameeya hawlgalka caadiga ah ee wareegga oo dhan. Haddii shuruuduhu oggolaadaan, falanqaynta hufnaanta kulaylka ee wareegyada daabacan waa lagama maarmaan. Tusaale ahaan, cutubyada falanqaynta hufnaanta kulaylka ee software-ka oo lagu daray qaar ka mid ah barnaamijyada naqshadaynta PCB ee xirfadlayaasha ah ayaa ka caawin kara naqshadeeyayaasha inay wanaajiyaan naqshadaynta wareegga.