Guddiyada Wareegga Daabacan (PCB-yada gaaban), kuwaas oo inta badan bixiya isku xirka korantada ee qaybaha elektiroonigga ah, ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan "hooyada alaabta nidaamka elektiroonigga ah."Marka loo eego silsiladda warshadaha, PCB-yada waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa qalabka isgaarsiinta, kombiyuutarada iyo meelaha ku hareeraysan, qalabka elektarooniga ah ee macaamiisha, qalabka elektaroonigga ah, difaaca qaranka iyo warshadaha militariga iyo meelaha kale ee qalabka elektiroonigga ah.Iyadoo horumarinta iyo qaan-gaarnimada tignoolajiyada macluumaadka jiilka cusub sida xisaabinta daruuraha, 5G, iyo AI, taraafikada xogta caalamiga ahi waxay sii wadi doontaa inay muujiso isbeddel sare oo korriin ah.Marka la eego koritaanka qarxa ee mugga xogta iyo isbeddelka wareejinta daruuraha xogta, warshadaha PCB server waxay leeyihiin rajooyin horumarineed oo aad u ballaaran.

Dulmarka cabbirka warshadaha
Marka loo eego tirakoobka IDC, shixnadaha adeegayaasha caalamiga ah iyo iibinta ayaa si joogto ah u kordhay min 2014 ilaa 2019. 2018, barwaaqada warshadu waxay ahayd mid aad u sareysa.Shixnadaha iyo shixnadaha ayaa gaaray 11.79 milyan unug iyo 88.816 bilyan oo doolarka Mareykanka ah, koror sanad kasta ah 15.82 % iyo 32.77%, taasoo muujineysa mugga iyo qiimaha kororka labadaba.Heerka kobaca ee 2019 wuxuu ahaa mid gaabis ah, laakiin wuxuu weli ahaa mid taariikhi ah oo sarreeya.Laga soo bilaabo 2014 ilaa 2019, warshadaha server-ka Shiinaha ayaa si degdeg ah u horumaray, heerka kobacana waxa uu dhaafey midka aduunka intiisa kale.2019, shixnadaha ayaa hoos u dhacay, laakiin qadarka iibku wuu kordhay sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya, qaab dhismeedka gudaha ee badeecada ayaa isbedelay, celceliska qiimaha cutubka ayaa kordhay, iyo saamiga iibka server-ka ee dhamaadka-sare ayaa muujiyay isbeddel kor u kaca.

2. Isbarbardhigga shirkadaha waaweyn ee adeegayaasha Sida laga soo xigtay xogta sahanka ugu dambeysay ee ay soo saartay IDC, shirkadaha naqshadeynta madax-bannaan ee suuqa server-yada caalamiga ah ayaa wali ku jiri doona qayb weyn oo Q2 2020 ah. Shanta iibka ee ugu sarreeya waa HPE/Xinhuasan, Dell, Inspur, IBM, iyo Lenovo, oo leh saamiga suuqa Waxay kala yihiin 14.9%, 13.9%, 10.5%, 6.1%, 6.0%.Intaa waxaa dheer, iibiyeyaasha ODM waxay ku xisaabtameen 28.8% saamiga suuqa, korodhka 63.4% sanad kasta, waxayna noqdeen doorashada ugu weyn ee diyaarinta server-yada shirkadaha yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee xisaabinta daruuraha.

Sannadka 2020, suuqa caalamiga ah waxa saamayn doona cudurka dilaaga ah ee taajka cusub, hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha adduunkuna waxa uu noqon doonaa mid cad.Shirkaduhu waxay inta badan qaataan moodooyinka xafiisyada khadka tooska ah/daruur waxayna wali sii wadaan baahida sare ee adeegayaasha.Q1 iyo Q2 waxay haysteen korriin sare oo ka sarreeya warshadaha kale, laakiin Weli way ka hooseeyaan xogta isla muddadaas sannadihii hore.Marka loo eego sahan ay samaysay DRAMeXchange, baahida server-ka caalamiga ah ee rubuci labaad waxa horseeday baahida xarunta xogta.Shirkadaha daruuraha ee Waqooyiga Ameerika ayaa ahaa kuwa ugu firfircoon.Gaar ahaan, baahida loo qabo amarada lagu xakameynayo qalalaasaha xiriirka Shiinaha iyo Mareykanka sannadkii hore ayaa muujiyay rabitaan cad oo lagu buuxinayo alaabada rubuci hore ee sanadkan, taasoo keentay kororka server-yada qeybtii hore Xawaaruhu waa mid xooggan.

Shanta ugu wanagsan ee iibka suuqyada Shiinaha ee Q1 2020 waa Inspur, H3C, Huawei, Dell, iyo Lenovo, oo leh saamiyada suuqa ee 37.6%, 15.5%, 14.9%, 10.1% and 7.2%, siday u kala horreeyaan.Guud ahaan shixnadaha suuqyada Asal ahaan waxa ay ahaayeen kuwo deggan, iibkuna waxa uu sii waday kobac joogto ah.Dhinaca kale, dhaqaalaha gudaha ayaa si xawli ah u soo kabanaya, qorshaha cusub ee kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo bilaabay rubuci labaad, waxaana baahi weyn loo qabaa kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha sida server-yada;Dhanka kale, baahida loo qabo macaamiisha baaxadda weyn ayaa aad u kordhay.Tusaale ahaan, Alibaba waxay ka faa'iidaysatay ganacsiga tafaariiqda cusub ee Hema Season 618 Bandhiga wax iibsiga, nidaamka ByteDance, Douyin, iwm., ayaa si degdeg ah u koraya, baahida server-ka gudaha ayaa la filayaa inay sii wado kobaca degdega ah shanta sano ee soo socota.

II
Horumarinta warshadaha PCB server
Kobaca joogtada ah ee baahida server-ka iyo horumarinta dib-u-cusboonaynta qaab-dhismeedka ayaa kaxayn doona dhammaan warshadaha server-ka wareegga sare.Sida walxaha muhiimka ah ee qaadista hawlaha server-ka, PCB waxay leedahay rajo balaadhan oo ah kordhinta mugga iyo qiimaha labadaba iyada oo la raacayo labajibbaaran ee wareegga server-ka kor iyo horumarinta horumarinta.

Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka maaddooyinka, qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee ku lug leh guddiga PCB ee server-ka waxaa ka mid ah CPU, memory, hard disk, hard diskplane, iwm lakabyo ama ka badan, 4 lakab, iyo looxyo jilicsan.Isbeddelka iyo horumarinta qaabka guud ee dhijitaalka ah ee server-ka mustaqbalka, guddiyada PCB waxay muujin doonaan isbeddelka ugu weyn ee tirooyinka heerka sare ah.Looxyada 18-lakabka ah, looxyada 12-14-lakabka ah, iyo looxyada 12-18-lakabka ah ayaa noqon doona agabka caadiga ah ee looxyada PCB-ga ee mustaqbalka.

Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka warshadaha, alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ugu muhiimsan ee warshadaha PCB server waa kuwa Taiwanese iyo kuwa dhul weynaha.Saddexda sare waa Taiwan Golden Electronics, Taiwan Tripod Technology iyo China Guanghe Technology.Guanghe Technology waa lambarka koowaad ee PCB server gudaha Shiinaha.alaab-qeybiye.Soosaarayaasha Taiwanese waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan silsiladda sahayda server-ka ODM, halka shirkadaha dhul weynaha ay diiradda saaraan silsiladda sahayda server-ka.Iibiyeyaasha ODM waxay inta badan tixraacaan iibiyeyaasha server-yada summada cad-cad.Shirkadaha Cloud Computing waxay soo gudbiyaan shuruudaha qaabeynta server-yada ODM iibiyeyaasha, iyo iibiyeyaasha ODM waxay ka iibsadaan guddiyada PCB waratada PCB si ay u dhamaystiraan naqshadaynta qalabka iyo isu-ururinta.Iibiyeyaasha ODM waxay ku xisaabtamaan 28.8% iibka suuqa adeegaha caalamiga ah, waxayna noqdeen qaabka caadiga ah ee sahayda adeegayaasha yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah.Serfarka dhul weynaha waxa inta badan keena soosaarayaasha summada (Inspur, Huawei, Xinhua III, iwm.).Waxaa wado 5G, kaabayaasha cusub, iyo xisaabinta daruuraha, baahida beddelka gudaha waa mid aad u xoogan.

Sannadihii u dambeeyay, dakhliga iyo kobaca faa'iidada ee wax-soo-saareyaasha dhul-weynaha ayaa aad uga sarreeya kuwa wax-soo-saarka Taiwan, dadaalkooda la-qabsigana aad ayuu u xooggan yahay.Horumarinta tignoolajiyada cusub, adeegayaasha summada ayaa la filayaa inay sii wadaan ballaarinta saamigooda suuqa.Qaabka silsilada sahayda summada gudaha ee wax soo saareyaasha Mainland waxa la filayaa inay sii wadaan ilaalinta xawliga kobaca sare.Qodob kale oo muhiim ah ayaa ah in guud ahaan kharashyada R&D ee shirkadaha dhul weynaha ay sii kordhayaan sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya, taasoo aad uga badan maalgashiga soosaarayaasha Taiwan.Marka la eego isbeddelka tignoolajiyada caalamiga ah ee degdegga ah, wax-soo-saareyaasha dhul-weynaha waxay aad ugu rajo weyn yihiin inay ka gudbaan caqabadaha farsamada oo ay qabsadaan saamiga suuqa ee tignoolajiyada cusub.

Mustaqbalka, iyada oo horumarinta iyo qaan-gaarnimada tignoolajiyada macluumaadka jiilka cusub sida xisaabinta daruuraha, 5G, iyo AI, taraafikada xogta caalamiga ahi waxay sii wadi doontaa inay muujiso isbeddel sare oo korriin ah, iyo qalabka iyo adeegyada server-yada caalamiga ah waxay sii wadi doonaan inay sii wadaan baahida sare.Maaddaama ay tahay agab muhiim u ah adeegayaasha, PCB waxa la filayaa in ay sii waddo ilaalinta koritaanka degdega ah ee mustaqbalka, gaar ahaan warshadaha gudaha ee PCB server, kaas oo leh rajooyin horumarineed oo aad u ballaadhan oo hoos yimaada asalka isbeddelka qaabdhismeedka dhaqaalaha iyo cusboonaysiinta iyo beddelka deegaanaynta.