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Nzira yekuona nhamba yepcb layers
Sezvo zvidimbu zvakasiyana muPCB zvakabatanidzwa zvakasimba, kazhinji hazvisi nyore kuona nhamba chaiyo, asi kana ukanyatsocherechedza kukanganisa kwebhodhi, unogona kuisiyanisa.
Nekungwarira, tinozoona kuti pane imwe kana akati wandei akaturikidzana ezvinhu zvichena pakati pePCB. Muchokwadi, iyi ndiyo insulating layer pakati pezvikamu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapazovi nedambudziko redunhu pfupi pakati peakasiyana PCB akaturikidzana.
Zvinonzwisiswa kuti ikozvino-multi-layer PCB mapuranga anoshandisa mamwe ega kana maviri-sided wiring board, uye chidimbu che insulating layer inoiswa pakati pega yega yega uye yakatsikirirwa pamwe chete. Nhamba yezvikamu zvePCB board inomiririra kuti mangani ma layer aripo. Yakazvimirira wiring layer, uye iyo insulating layer pakati pematanho yave nzira inonzwisisika yekuti isu titonge huwandu hwezvikamu zvePCB.
Nzira yegomba rekutungamira inoshandisa "gomba rekutungamira" paPCB kuona huwandu hwePCB layer. Nheyo yacho inonyanya kukonzerwa neiyo tekinoroji inoshandiswa mukubatanidza dunhu reiyo multilayer PCB. Kana tichida kuona kuti matunhiko mangani ane PCB, tinogona kusiyanisa nekucherechedza kuburikidza nemakomba.PaPCB inokosha (single-sided motherboard), zvikamu zvakanamatira kune rumwe rutivi, uye waya dzakanangana kune rumwe rutivi. Kana iwe uchida kushandisa akawanda-layer board, unofanirwa kubaya maburi pabhodhi kuitira kuti chikamu chepini chipfuure nepabhodhi kuenda kune rimwe divi, saka maburi emutyairi achapinda muPCB board, saka tinogona kuona kuti mapini ezvikamu anotengeswa kune rumwe rutivi rwe.
Semuenzaniso, kana bhodhi ikashandisa 4-layer board, unoda kufambisa waya pamatanho ekutanga uye echina (signal layer). Mamwe maturu ane mamwe mashandisiro (ground layer uye power layer). Isa chiratidzo chechiratidzo pane simba remagetsi uye Chinangwa chemativi maviri epasi pasi ndechekudzivirira kupindirana uye kuita kuti kugadziriswa kwemutsara wechiratidzo.
Kana mamwe maburi ekutungamira kadhi ebhodhi akaonekwa kumberi kwePCB board asi asingawanikwe kumashure, EDA365 Electronics Forum inotenda kuti inofanira kunge iri 6/8-layer board. Kana zvakafanana kuburikidza nemakomba zvinogona kuwanikwa pamativi ese ePCB, inongove iri 4-layer board.
Zvisinei, vakawanda bhodhi vagadziri kadhi pari kushandisa imwe routing nzira, inova kubatanidza chete mamwe mitsetse, uye anoshandisa akavigwa vias uye bofu vias ari routing. Mabofu maburi ndeyekubatanidza akati wandei emukati PCB kune yepamusoro PCB pasina kupinda mukati mesekete board.
Akavigwa vias chete batanidza kuti mukati PCB, saka havasi kuonekwa kubva pamusoro. Sezvo gomba remapofu risingadi kupinda muPCB yose, kana iri mitsara mitanhatu kana kupfuura, tarisa bhodhi rakatarisana nechiedza chechiedza, uye chiedza hachizopfuuri. Saka pakanga paine chirevo chakakurumbira zvisati zvaitika: kutonga mana-layer uye matanhatu-layer kana pamusoro pePCBs nekuti iyo vias leak light.
Pane zvikonzero zveiyi nzira, asi haishandi. EDA365 electronic forum inotenda kuti nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa chete senzira yekutaura.
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Kuunganidza nzira
Kutaura chokwadi, iyi haisi nzira, asi chiitiko. Asi izvi ndizvo zvatinofunga kuti ndezvechokwadi. Tinogona kutonga nhamba yezvikamu zvePCB kuburikidza nematehwe emamwe mabhodhi ePCB eruzhinji uye chinzvimbo chezvikamu. Nekuti mune yazvino IT hardware indasitiri iri kuchinja nekukurumidza, hapana vagadziri vazhinji vanokwanisa kugadzirisazve maPCB.
Semuenzaniso, makore mashoma apfuura, nhamba huru ye9550 makadhi emifananidzo akagadzirwa ne6-layer PCBs akashandiswa. Kana iwe wakangwarira, unogona kuenzanisa kuti yakasiyana sei kubva ku9600PRO kana 9600XT. Ingosiya zvimwe zvikamu, uye chengetedza hurefu hwakafanana paPCB.
Muma1990 ezana ramakore rapfuura, kwakanga kune kutaura kwakapararira panguva iyoyo: Nhamba yezvikamu zvePCB inogona kuonwa nokuisa PCB yakatwasuka, uye vanhu vazhinji vakaidavira. Mashoko aya akazoonekwa seasina maturo. Kunyangwe kana maitiro ekugadzira panguva iyoyo aive kumashure, ziso raizokwanisa sei kuzvitaurira kure kure kudiki pane bvudzi?
Gare gare, nzira iyi yakaenderera mberi uye yakagadziridzwa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakashandura imwe nzira yekuyera. Mazuvano, vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti zvinogoneka kuyera nhamba yePCB maturusi nemidziyo yekuyeresa chaiyo yakadai se "vernier calipers", uye isu hatibvumirani nechirevo ichi.
Zvisinei nekuti kune rudzi irworwo rwechiridzwa chaicho, sei tisingaone kuti 12-layer PCB yakapetwa katatu kukora kwe4-layer PCB? Iyo EDA365 Electronics Forum inoyeuchidza munhu wese kuti maPCB akasiyana achashandisa maitiro akasiyana ekugadzira. Hapana chiyero chakafanana chekuyera. Nzira yekutonga sei nhamba yezvikamu zvichienderana nehupamhi?
Muchokwadi, huwandu hwePCB maseru ane simba guru pabhodhi. Semuyenzaniso, nei uchida angangoita matanhatu akaturikidzana ePCB kuti uise mbiri CPU? Nekuda kweizvi, iyo PCB inogona kuve ne3 kana 4 masiginecha akaturikidzana, 1 pasi pasi, uye 1 kana 2 masimba emagetsi. Ipapo mitsetse yechiratidzo inogona kupatsanurwa kure zvakakwana kuti kuderedze kupindirana, uye kune yakakwana ikozvino inopa.
Nekudaro, 4-layer PCB dhizaini yakakwana zvakakwana kumabhodhi akajairwa, nepo 6-layer PCB inodhura zvakanyanya uye haina akawanda magadzirirwo ekuita.