Vatambi vazhinji veDIY vanozoona kuti mavara ePCB anoshandiswa neakasiyana bhodhi zvigadzirwa pamusika anopenya. Iwo akajairika PCB mavara matema, girini, bhuruu, yero, yepepuru, tsvuku uye brown. Vamwe vagadziri vakagadzira zvine hungwaru maPCB emavara akasiyana senge machena nepingi.

Mune yechinyakare fungidziro, dema PCB inoita kunge yakamira kumagumo, nepo tsvuku neyero zvakatsaurirwa kumucheto wakaderera. Icho hachisi chokwadi here?

PCB copper layer iyo isina kuputirwa ne solder mask inoiswa oxidized nyore kana yaiswa kumhepo

Isu tinoziva kuti mativi ese ePCB zvidimbu zvemhangura. Mukugadzirwa kwePCB, mhangura yemhangura ichawana nzvimbo yakatsetseka uye isina kudzivirirwa pasinei nokuti inogadzirwa nekuwedzera kana kuderedza nzira.

Kunyange zvazvo makemikari emhangura asingashandisi sealuminium, iron, magnesium, nezvimwewo, pamberi pemvura, mhangura yakachena inogadziriswa nyore nyore mukubatana neokisijeni; nekuti okisijeni nemhute yemvura zviripo mumhepo, pamusoro pemhangura yakachena inoratidzwa kumhepo Oxidation reaction ichaitika munguva pfupi.

Nekuti ukobvu hwemhangura yemhangura muPCB yakanyanya kutetepa, iyo oxidized mhangura inova isina kunaka conductor yemagetsi, izvo zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kushanda kwemagetsi kwePCB yese.

Kuti udzivise kusvibiswa kwemhangura, kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvakatengeswa uye zvisina kutengeswa zvePCB panguva yekutengesa, uye kuchengetedza pamusoro pePCB, mainjiniya akagadzira jira rakakosha. Rudzi urwu rwependi runogona kuiswa zviri nyore pamusoro pePCB kuti iite chidziviriro chekudzivirira nehumwe ukobvu uye kuvhara kusangana pakati pemhangura nemhepo. Iyi layer yekuvhara inonzi solder mask, uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa ndeye solder mask.

Sezvo inonzi lacquer, inofanira kunge ine mavara akasiyana. Hongu, iyo yepakutanga solder mask inogona kuitwa isina ruvara uye yakajeka, asi kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa nekugadzira, PCBs dzinowanzoda kudhindwa nemavara madiki pabhodhi.

Transparent solder mask inogona kungoburitsa iyo PCB yekumashure ruvara, saka kutaridzika hakuna kunaka zvakakwana ingave kugadzira, kugadzirisa kana kutengesa. Naizvozvo, mainjiniya akawedzera mavara akasiyana kune solder mask kuti iite PCB nhema, tsvuku, kana yebhuruu.

Iyo PCB nhema yakaoma kuona iyo trace, iyo inounza matambudziko pakugadzirisa

Kubva pakuona uku, ruvara rwePCB haruna chokuita nehutano hwePCB. Musiyano uripo pakati pePCB nhema uye mamwe maPCB eruvara akadai seblue PCB uye yero PCB iri muruvara rwemasolder mask.

Kana iyo PCB dhizaini uye yekugadzira maitiro akafanana, iwo ruvara hauzove nemhedzisiro pakuita, uye hauzove nemhedzisiro pakupisa kupisa.

Nezve PCB nhema, nekuti maronda ari pamusoro anenge akafukidzwa zvachose, zvinokonzeresa kuoma kukuru mukugadzirisa kwekupedzisira, saka ivara risiri nyore kugadzira nekushandisa.

Naizvozvo, mumakore achangopfuura, vanhu vakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma, vachisiya kushandiswa kwemasikisi dema, uye pachinzvimbo kushandisa rima rakasvibirira, dema dema, rima rebhuruu uye mamwe solder mask, chinangwa ndechekufambisa kugadzira nekugadzirisa.

Tataura izvozvo, munhu wese akanyatsonzwisisa dambudziko rePCB ruvara. Nezve "kumiririra kwemavara kana kuderera" chirevo, imhaka yekuti vagadziri vanofarira kushandisa maPCB matema kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, uye tsvuku, bhuruu, girini, uye yero kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakaderera.

Pfupiso ndeiyi: chigadzirwa chinopa chirevo cheruvara, kwete ruvara runopa chigadzirwa chirevo.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira kushandisa simbi dzinokosha segoridhe nesirivha paPCB?
Ruvara rwakajeka, ngatitaure nezve simbi dzinokosha paPCB! Kana vamwe vagadziri vachisimudzira zvigadzirwa zvavo, vanonyatso taura kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinoshandisa nzira dzakakosha senge goridhe plating uye sirivheri. Saka chii chiri kushandiswa kwemaitiro aya?

Iyo PCB yepamusoro inoda soldering components, saka chikamu chemhangura yemhangura inodiwa kuti ibudiswe pachena kuitira soldering. Aya maturu emhangura ari pachena anonzi mapedhi. Mapedhi acho anowanzo kuita rectangular kana denderedzwa ane nzvimbo diki.

Mune zviri pamusoro, tinoziva kuti mhangura inoshandiswa muPCB inogadziriswa nyore nyore, saka mushure mekunge solder mask yaiswa, mhangura padhi inotaridzirwa kumhepo.

Kana iyo mhangura padhi yakasvibiswa, haizongove yakaoma kutengesa, asiwo resistivity ichawedzera zvikuru, iyo ichakanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Naizvozvo, mainjiniya akauya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzivirira mapedhi. Semuenzaniso, kuputira nesimbi inert goridhe, kana kuvhara pamusoro nejira resirivheri kuburikidza nemakemikari process, kana kuvhara mhangura yemhangura ine yakakosha kemikari firimu kudzivirira kusangana pakati pepedhi nemhepo.

Pamapedhi akafumurwa paPCB, mhangura yemhangura inoburitswa pachena. Ichi chikamu chinoda kuchengetedzwa kuti chisaite oxidized.

Kubva pamaonero aya, ingave goridhe kana sirivheri, chinangwa chega chega ndechekudzivirira oxidation, kuchengetedza pad, uye kuve nechokwadi chegoho mune inotevera soldering process.

Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwesimbi dzakasiyana kunoisa zvinodiwa pane yekuchengetedza nguva uye kuchengetedza mamiriro ePCB anoshandiswa mukugadzira chirimwa. Naizvozvo, mafekitori ePCB anowanzo shandisa vacuum epurasitiki yekurongedza michina kurongedza maPCB mushure mekugadzirwa kwePCB kwapera uye kusati kwaendeswa kune vatengi kuona kuti maPCB haana oxidized.

Zvinhu zvisati zvasungwa pamushini, mugadziri webhodhi kadhi anofanirawo kutarisa oxidation degree yePCB, kubvisa oxidation PCB, uye kuve nechokwadi chegoho. Bhodhi iro mutengi wekupedzisira anowana rakapfuura bvunzo dzakasiyana. Kunyangwe mushure mekushandiswa kwenguva refu, iyo oxidation inongoitika chete pane plug-in yekubatanidza chikamu, uye haizove nemhedzisiro padhi uye zvakatotengeswa zvikamu.

Sezvo kushorwa kwesirivha negoridhe kwakadzikira, mushure mekushandisa simbi dzakakosha sesirivha negoridhe, chizvarwa chekupisa chePCB chichaderedzwa here?

Tinoziva kuti chinhu chinokanganisa kuwanda kwekupisa ndiko kuramba. Kurwisana kunoenderana nezvinhu zvemuitisi pachake, nzvimbo yemuchinjikwa uye urefu hwemuitisi. Ukobvu hwezvinhu zvesimbi pamusoro pepadhi hwakatonyanya kuderera kupfuura 0.01 mm. Kana iyo padhi yakagadziriswa neOST (organic inodzivirira firimu) nzira, hapazove nekunyanya kukora zvachose. Kupikisa kunoratidzwa nehupamhi hudiki hwakadaro hunenge hwakaenzana ne0, kunyange hazvibviri kuverenga, uye zvechokwadi hazvizokanganisa chizvarwa chekupisa.