Yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi (PCB) wiring inoita basa rakakosha mumaseketi ekumhanya-mhanya, asi inowanzova imwe yematanho ekupedzisira mumagadzirirwo edunhu. Kune matambudziko akawanda ane high-speed PCB wiring, uye mabhuku akawanda akanyorwa pamusoro penyaya iyi. Ichi chinyorwa chinonyanya kutaura nezve wiring ye-high-speed circuits kubva pakuona kunoshanda. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekubatsira vashandisi vatsva kutarisisa kune dzakawanda dzakasiyana nyaya dzinoda kutariswa paunenge uchigadzira yakakwirira-kumhanya wedunhu PCB marongero. Chimwe chinangwa ndechekupa ongororo zvinhu kune vatengi vasina kubata PCB wiring kwechinguva. Pamusana pekugadzirisa zvishoma, chinyorwa ichi hachikwanisi kukurukura nyaya dzose zvakadzama, asi tichakurukura zvikamu zvakakosha zvine simba guru pakuvandudza kushanda kwedunhu, kupfupisa nguva yekugadzira, uye kuchengetedza nguva yekugadzirisa.
Kunyangwe iyo yakanyanya kutariswa pano iri pamaseketi ane chekuita neakakwira-kumhanya mashandiro eamplifiers, matambudziko uye nzira dzinokurukurwa pano dzinowanzoshanda kune wiring inoshandiswa mune mamwe akawanda-anomhanya maseketi eanalogi. Kana iyo yekushanda amplifier ichishanda mune yakakwira kwazvo radio frequency (RF) frequency bhendi, kuita kwedunhu kunoenderana nePCB marongero. Yepamusoro-inoshanda sedunhu madhizaini anotaridzika zvakanaka pa "madhirowa" anogona chete kuwana yakajairika maitiro kana akabatwa nekusangwarira panguva ye wiring. Kufanofungisisa uye kutarisisa kune akakosha ruzivo mukati meiyo wiring process ichabatsira kuve nechokwadi chinotarisirwa kuita redunhu.
Schematic diagram
Kunyangwe hurongwa hwakanaka husingagone kuvimbisa waya yakanaka, waya yakanaka inotanga nehurongwa hwakanaka. Funga zvakanyatsonaka paunenge uchidhirowa schematic, uye iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvekuyerera kwechiratidzo chedunhu rese. Kana paine yakajairika uye yakagadzikana chiratidzo kuyerera kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi mune schematic, ipapo panofanirwa kuve neiyo yakafanana yakanaka chiratidzo kuyerera paPCB. Ipa ruzivo rwakawanda runobatsira sezvinobvira pachirongwa. Nekuti dzimwe nguva dhizaini dhizaini haipo, vatengi vachatikumbira kuti tibatsire kugadzirisa dambudziko redunhu, vagadziri, matekiniki uye mainjiniya vanoita basa iri vachatenda zvikuru, kusanganisira isu.
Pamusoro pezvakajairwa zvinongedzo zvinongedzo, mashandisirwo emagetsi, uye kushivirira kukanganisa, ndeupi ruzivo runofanira kupihwa muchirongwa? Heano mamwe mazano ekushandura akajairwa schematics kuita yekutanga-kirasi schematics. Wedzera ma waveforms, ruzivo rwemuchina nezve goko, kureba kwemitsara yakadhindwa, nzvimbo dzisina chinhu; ratidza kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvinoda kuiswa paPCB; ipai ruzivo rwekugadzirisa, chikamu chekukosha mitsara, ruzivo rwekupisa kupisa, kudzora impedance yakadhindwa mitsetse, makomendi, uye mapfupi maseketi Tsananguro yekuita… (nevamwe).
Usadavire munhu
Kana iwe usiri kugadzira wiring iwe pachako, iva nechokwadi chekutendera nguva yakawanda yekunyatsoongorora dhizaini yemunhu wiring. Kudzivirirwa kudiki kwakakosha kane zana remushonga panguva ino. Usatarisira kuti munhu wewaya anzwisise pfungwa dzako. Maonero ako uye kutungamira ndizvo zvakanyanya kukosha mumatanho ekutanga eiyo wiring dhizaini maitiro. Ruzivo rwakawanda rwaunogona kupa, uye kana iwe uchiwedzera kupindira mune yese nzira yekuisa wiring, zviri nani inokonzeresa PCB. Seta inoyedza yekupedzisa poindi yeiyo wiring dhizaini mainjiniya-yekukurumidza cheki zvinoenderana neiyo wiring kufambira mberi mushumo waunoda. Iyi "yakavharwa loop" nzira inodzivirira waya kubva kurasika, nekudaro ichideredza mukana wekugadzirisa zvakare.
Mirayiridzo inoda kupihwa kune wiring injinjini inosanganisira: tsananguro pfupi yebasa redunhu, dhizaini yePCB inoratidza nzvimbo yekupinza uye yekubuda, PCB yekumisikidza ruzivo (semuenzaniso, kukora kwakaita bhodhi, mangani akaturikidzana. kune, uye ruzivo rwakadzama nezve imwe neimwe yechiratidzo layer uye pasi ndege-basa Kushandiswa kwesimba, waya yepasi, chiratidzo cheanalogi, chiratidzo chedhijitari uye chiratidzo cheRF); izvo zviratidzo zvinodiwa kune yega yega; inoda kuiswa kwezvikamu zvakakosha; nzvimbo chaiyo ye bypass components; iyo mitsetse yakadhindwa yakakosha; iyo mitsetse inoda kudzora impedance yakadhindwa mitsetse; Ndeipi mitsetse inoda kuenderana nehurefu; ukuru hwezvikamu; iyo mitsetse yakadhindwa inoda kuva kure (kana pedyo) kune mumwe nemumwe; iyo mitsetse inoda kuva kure (kana pedyo) kune mumwe nemumwe; izvo zvikamu zvinoda kuva kure (kana pedyo) kune mumwe nemumwe; izvo zvikamu zvinoda kuiswa Pamusoro pePCB, izvo zvinoiswa pazasi. Usambonyunyuta kuti kune ruzivo rwakawandisa kune vamwe-rushoma? Yakawandisa here? Usa.
Chiitiko chekudzidza: Anenge makore gumi apfuura, ndakagadzira multilayer pamusoro pegomo redunhu redunhu-kune zvikamu pamativi ese ebhodhi. Shandisa zvigadziriso zvakawanda kuti ugadzirise bhodhi mugomba regoridhe rakaputirwa nealuminium (nokuti pane zviratidzo zvakasimba zvekudzivirira-vibration). Mapini anopa rusarura feedthrough anopfuura nepabhodhi. Pini iyi yakabatana nePCB newaya dzekutengesa. Ichi chishandiso chakaoma kwazvo. Zvimwe zvikamu pabhodhi zvinoshandiswa pakuedza kurongedza (SAT). Asi ndanyatsotsanangura nzvimbo yezvikamu izvi. Unogona here kufungidzira kuti zvikamu izvi zvakaiswa kupi? Nenzira, pasi pebhodhi. Kana mainjiniya echigadzirwa nematekiniki aifanira kupatsanura mudziyo wese nekuzvibatanidza zvakare mushure mekupedza marongero, vaiita sevasina kufara zvakanyanya. Handisati ndaita mhosho iyi zvakare kubva ipapo.
Position
Sezvakangoita muPCB, nzvimbo ndiyo zvese. Kupi kwekuisa dunhu paPCB, kupi kwekuisa iyo chaiyo yedunhu zvikamu, uye ndeapi mamwe maseketi ari padyo, ayo ese akakosha.
Kazhinji, zvinzvimbo zvekupinza, zvinobuda, uye magetsi zvinofanotemerwa, asi dunhu riri pakati pavo rinoda "kutamba hunyanzvi hwavo." Ichi ndicho chikonzero kutarisisa kune ruzivo rwe wiring kuchiunza kudzoka kukuru. Tanga nenzvimbo yezvikamu zvakakosha uye funga iyo chaiyo dunhu uye iyo yose PCB. Kutsanangura nzvimbo yezvikamu zvakakosha uye nzira dzechiratidzo kubva pakutanga kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini inosangana nezvinangwa zvebasa zvinotarisirwa. Kuwana dhizaini chaiyo kekutanga kunogona kuderedza mitengo uye kumanikidza-uye kupfupisa kutenderera kwekusimudzira.
Bypass power
Kupfuura magetsi padivi remagetsi kuitira kuderedza ruzha chinhu chakanyanya kukosha muPCB dhizaini dhizaini-inosanganisira yakakwirira-kumhanya mashandiro eamplifiers kana mamwe maseketi anomhanya. Pane nzira mbiri dzakajairwa dzekugadzirisa dzekupfuura nepamusoro-kumhanya mashandiro eamplifiers.
Kugadzika chiteshi chemagetsi: Iyi nzira ndiyo inonyanya kushanda muzviitiko zvakawanda, uchishandisa akawanda parallel capacitor kudzika zvakananga pini yemagetsi yeamplifaya inoshanda. Kazhinji kutaura, maviri akafanana capacitor anokwana-asi kuwedzera parallel capacitor kunogona kubatsira mamwe maseketi.
Parallel yekubatanidza ma capacitor ane akasiyana capacitance kukosha kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti yakaderera alternating ikozvino (AC) impedance inogona kuoneka pane yemagetsi pini pamusoro peyakafara frequency bhendi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha paattenuation frequency yeanoshanda amplifier simba rejection rejection ratio (PSR). Iyi capacitor inobatsira kubhadhara iyo yakaderedzwa PSR yeamplifier. Kuchengeta yakaderera impedance yepasi nzira mune akawanda gumi-octave siyana zvichabatsira kuona kuti ruzha runokuvadza harugone kupinda muop amp. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza zvakanakira kushandisa macapacitor akawanda mukufanana. Pane yakaderera frequency, hombe capacitor inopa yakaderera impedance yepasi nzira. Asi kana iyo frequency yasvika yavo yega resonant frequency, iyo capacitance ye capacitor inopera simba uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoratidzika inductive. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakakosha kushandisa ma-multiple capacitors: apo mhinduro yakawanda yeimwe capacitor inotanga kudonha, mhinduro yefrequency yeimwe capacitor inotanga kushanda, saka inogona kuchengetedza yakadzika kwazvo AC impedance mune dzakawanda gumi-octave ranges.
Tanga zvakananga nemapini ekupa magetsi eop amp; iyo capacitor ine diki capacitance uye diki diki saizi yemuviri inofanira kuiswa kune imwecheteyo yePCB seyo op amp-uye sepedyo sezvinobvira kune amplifier. Iyo yepasi terminal ye capacitor inofanira kunge yakabatana zvakananga kune pasi pasi nepini pfupi kana tambo yakadhindwa. Iro pamusoro pevhu rekubatanidza rinofanira kunge riri padyo sezvinobvira kune inoremedza terminal yeamplifier kuitira kuderedza kupindira pakati pemagetsi emagetsi uye pasi terminal.
Iyi nzira inofanirwa kudzokororwa kune capacitors ine inotevera yakakura capacitance kukosha. Zviri nani kutanga neiyo shoma capacitance kukosha kwe 0.01 µF uye woisa 2.2 µF (kana yakakura) electrolytic capacitor ine yakaderera yakaenzana series resistance (ESR) pedyo nayo. Iyo 0.01 µF capacitor ine 0508 kesi saizi ine yakaderera kwazvo yakatevedzana inductance uye yakanakisa yepamusoro frequency kuita.
Simba rekupa kune magetsi: Imwe nzira yekumisikidza inoshandisa imwe kana anopfuura bypass capacitor yakabatana pane yakanaka uye yakaipa magetsi emagetsi materminal eiyo inoshanda amplifier. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa kana zvakaoma kugadzirisa mana capacitors munharaunda. Kukanganisa kwayo ndeyekuti saizi yekasi ye capacitor inogona kuwedzera nekuti iyo voltage pane capacitor yakapetwa kaviri kukosha kwevoltage mune imwe-inopa bypass nzira. Kuwedzera voltage kunoda kuwedzera yakatemerwa kuputsa voltage yechishandiso, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera saizi yeimba. Nekudaro, iyi nzira inogona kuvandudza PSR uye kukanganisa kuita.
Nemhaka yokuti dunhu rimwe nerimwe uye wiring zvakasiyana, kugadzirisa, nhamba uye capacitance kukosha kwe capacitors inofanira kugadziriswa maererano nezvinodiwa zvedunhu chairo.