Mukugadzira kwekuchinja magetsi, kana PCB board isina kugadzirwa nemazvo, inopenya yakawandisa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi. Iyo PCB bhodhi dhizaini nebasa rakagadzikana rekupa magetsi ikozvino inopfupisa manomano manomwe: kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwezvinhu zvinoda kutariswa mune imwe neimwe nhanho, iyo PCB board dhizaini inogona kuitwa nyore nhanho nhanho!

1. Magadzirirwo muitiro kubva schematic kuti PCB

Gadzira maparamendi echikamu -> yekuisa musimboti netlist -> dhizaini paramita marongero -> dhizaini dhizaini -> manual wiring -> simbisa dhizaini -> ongororo -> CAM kubuda.

2. Parameter setting

Chinhambwe chiri pakati pewaya dziri padhuze chinofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza magetsi, uye kuitira kufambisa basa nekugadzira, chinhambwe chinofanira kunge chakafara sezvinobvira. Iyo yakaderera spacing inofanirwa kunge yakakodzera kune iyo voltage inoshivirira. Kana wiring density yakadzikira, nzvimbo yemitsara yemasaini inogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera. Kune mitsetse yezviratidzo ine mukaha mukuru pakati pemazinga akakwirira uye akaderera, nzvimbo inofanira kuva pfupi sezvinobvira uye nzvimbo inofanira kuwedzerwa. Kazhinji, Isa nzvimbo yekutevera kuti ive yakakura kupfuura 1mm kubva kumucheto kwegomba remukati repadhi kusvika kumucheto kwebhodhi rakadhindwa, kuitira kuti udzivise kukanganisa kwepadhi panguva yekugadzirisa. Kana mitsara yakabatana nemapadhi yakaonda, kuwirirana pakati pemapadhi uye maitiro kunofanira kugadzirwa kuva chimiro chekudonha. Kubatsira kweizvi ndekwekuti mapedhi haasi nyore kusvuura, asi maronda uye mapedhi haasi nyore kubviswa.

3. Chimiro chechikamu

Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti kunyange kana dhipatimendi redunhu rakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi risina kugadzirwa zvakanaka, richakanganisa kuvimbika kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, kana mitsetse miviri yakatetepa yakaenzana yebhodhi yakadhindwa iri pedyo, zvinokonzeresa kunonoka kwesaizi waveform uye ruzha rwekuratidzira pakupera kwetambo yekutapurirana; kupindira kunokonzerwa nekufungisisa kusina kunaka kwesimba uye pasi kuchaita kuti chigadzirwa chitambure Performance madonhwe, saka, pakugadzira mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa, kutarisirwa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune nzira yakarurama. Imwe neimwe switching magetsi ine mana azvino zvishwe:

(1) AC dunhu remagetsi switch
(2) Output rectifier AC circuit

(3) Yazvino loop yeinopinza chiratidzo sosi
4 Iyo sefa capacitor inonyanya kushanda seBroadband simba rekuchengetedza; zvakafanana, iyo inobuda sefa capacitor inoshandiswawo kuchengetedza yakakwira-frequency simba kubva kune inoburitsa rectifier. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo DC simba rekubuda mutoro wedunhu rinobviswa. Naizvozvo, materminal eiyo yekupinza uye yekubuda mafirita capacitors akakosha zvakanyanya. Iko kupinza uye kuburitsa ikozvino zvishwe zvinofanirwa kungobatanidzwa kune magetsi kubva kune materminals efirita capacitor zvichiteerana; kana kuwirirana pakati pekuisa / kubuda loop uye simba rekushandura / rectifier loop haigoni kubatanidzwa kune capacitor Iyo terminal yakabatana zvakananga, uye simba re AC richabudiswa mukati mezvakatipoteredza nekuisa kana kuburitsa filter capacitor. Iyo AC loop yemagetsi switch uye iyo AC loop yeinogadzirisa ine yakakwira-amplitude trapezoidal currents. Aya mafungu ane yakakwira harmonic zvikamu uye kuwanda kwavo kwakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yakakosha frequency yekuchinja. Iyo peak amplitude inogona kunge yakakwira se5 nguva yekuenderera kupinza / kubuda DC ikozvino amplitude. Nguva yekushandura inowanzoita 50ns. Aya zvishwe zviviri zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nemagetsi, saka zvishwe zveAC izvi zvinofanirwa kuiswa pamberi pemamwe mitsara yakadhindwa mumagetsi. Izvo zvitatu zvakakosha zveloop yega yega mafirita capacitors, magetsi switch kana rectifiers, uye inductors. Kana kuti ma-transformer anofanirwa kuiswa pedyo nemumwe, uye zvikamu zvezvikamu zvinofanira kugadziriswa kuita kuti nzira yemazuva ano pakati pavo ipfupike sezvinobvira.
Nzira yakanakisa yekumisikidza switching power supply marongero yakafanana neyakagadzirwa nemagetsi. Iyo yakanakisa dhizaini maitiro ndeaya anotevera:

◆Isa transformer
◆ Dhizaina simba rekuchinja ikozvino loop
◆Design output rectifier current loop
◆Control circuit yakabatana neAC power circuit
◆ Dhizaini yekupinda ikozvino sosi loop uye yekuisa dhizaini Dhizaini inobuda mutoro loop uye inobuda sefa zvinoenderana neiyo inoshanda unit yedunhu, kana uchiisa kunze zvese zvikamu zvedunhu, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kusangana:

(1) Kutanga, funga nezvehukuru hwePCB. Kana saizi yePCB yakakura kwazvo, mitsetse yakadhindwa ichave yakareba, iyo impedance ichawedzera, iyo anti-ruzha kugona inoderera, uye mutengo uchawedzera; kana saizi yePCB idiki, kupisa kwekupisa hakuzove kwakanaka, uye mitsetse iri padyo ichakanganiswa nyore. Chimiro chakanakisa chebhodhi redunhu chine rectangular, uye chikamu chiyero ndeye 3: 2 kana 4: 3. Izvo zvikamu zviri kumucheto kwebhodhi redunhu kazhinji hazvisi pasi pemucheto webhodhi redunhu

(2) Paunenge uchiisa mudziyo, funga nezvenguva yemberi ye soldering, kwete kunyanyonyanya;
(3) Tora chikamu chepakati chedunhu rega rega rinoshanda sepakati uye woisa kunze kwakaripoteredza. Izvo zvikamu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakaenzana, zvine hutsanana uye zvakarongeka zvakarongeka paPCB, kuderedza uye kupfupisa zvinotungamira uye kubatana pakati pezvikamu, uye iyo decoupling capacitor inofanirwa kunge iri padyo sezvinobvira kune mudziyo.
(4) Kwemaseketi anoshanda pamhepo yakakwira, iyo yakagoverwa paramita pakati pezvikamu inofanira kutariswa. Kazhinji, dunhu rinofanira kurongedzerwa mukuwirirana zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Nenzira iyi, haina kungonaka chete, asiwo iri nyore kuisa uye weld, uye nyore kugadzira kuwanda.
(5) Ronga nzvimbo yeimwe neimwe inoshanda yedunhu unit zvinoenderana nekuyerera kwedunhu, kuitira kuti marongerwo ave nyore kutenderera kwechiratidzo, uye chiratidzo chinochengetwa munzira imwechete sezvinobvira.
(6) Nheyo yekutanga yegadziriro ndeyekuvimbisa chiyero che wiring, teerera kubatanidzwa kwetambo dzinobhururuka paunenge uchifambisa chigadziro, uye uise michina ine hukama hwekubatanidza pamwe chete.
(7) Deredza iyo loop nzvimbo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kudzvanya kupindira kwemwaranzi yekuchinja magetsi.

4. iyo wiring switching power supply ine high-frequency signals

Chero mutsara wakadhindwa paPCB unogona kuita senge antenna. Kureba uye upamhi hwemutsara wakadhindwa huchakanganisa impedance yayo uye inductance, nekudaro ichikanganisa frequency mhinduro. Kunyangwe mitsetse yakadhindwa inopfuudza masaini eDC inogona kubatanidza masaini eredhiyo kubva pamitsetse yakadhindwa uye kukonzera matambudziko edunhu (uye kunyange kupenya masaini ekupindira zvakare). Nokudaro, mitsetse yose yakadhindwa inopfuura AC ikozvino inofanira kugadzirwa kuti ive pfupi uye yakafara sezvinobvira, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvikamu zvose zvakabatana nemitsara yakadhindwa uye mamwe magetsi emagetsi anofanira kuiswa pedyo zvikuru. Kureba kwemutsara wakadhindwa kunoenderana neiyo inductance uye impedance, uye hupamhi hwakapesana nehupamhi kune inductance uye impedance yemutsetse wakadhindwa. Hurefu hunoratidza urefu hwemhinduro yakadhindwa. Kureba kwacho, ndiko kudzikisa frequency iyo tambo yakadhindwa inogona kutumira uye kugashira masaisai emagetsi, uye inogona kupenya yakawanda redhiyo frequency simba. Zvinoenderana nehukuru hweakadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi ikozvino, edza kuwedzera hupamhi hwetambo yemagetsi kuderedza kushivirira kwechiuno. Panguva imwecheteyo, ita kuti kutungamirirwa kwetambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi uenderane nehutungamiri hwemazuva ano, izvo zvinobatsira kuwedzera simba rinopesana neruzha. Grounding ndiro bazi rezasi rezvishwe zvina zvazvino zve switching power supply. Inoita basa rakakosha sechinhu chinozivikanwa chedunhu. Iyo nzira yakakosha yekudzora kupindira. Nokudaro, kuiswa kwetambo yepasi kunofanira kunyatsotariswa mukugadzirisa. Kusanganisa zvigadziko zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzeresa kusagadzikana kwekushanda kwemagetsi.

Aya mapoinzi anotevera anofanirwa kutariswa mune yepasi waya dhizaini:

A. Sarudza nemazvo nzvimbo imwe chete. Kazhinji, iyo yakajairwa kuguma kwesefa capacitor inofanirwa kunge iri iyo yega nzvimbo yekubatanidza kune mamwe mapoinzi ekuisa kune vaviri kune iyo AC pasi yepamusoro ikozvino. Nzvimbo dzekugadzika dzechikamu chimwe chete chedunhu dzinofanirwa kunge dziri padyo sezvinobvira, uye iyo magetsi ekupa sefa capacitor yeiyi nhanho wedunhu inofanirwawo kunge yakabatana nenzvimbo yekugadzika yenhanho iyi, kunyanya uchifunga kuti ikozvino kudzoka pasi mune imwe neimwe. chikamu chedunhu chinoshandurwa, uye iyo impedance yeiyo chaiyo inoyerera mutsara ichaita kuti shanduko yekugona kwepasi kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chedunhu uye kuunza kupindira. Mune ino shanduko yemagetsi, wiring yayo uye inductance pakati pezvishandiso zvine simba shoma, uye inotenderera ikozvino inoumbwa neiyo grounding dunhu ine simba guru pakukanganisa, saka imwe poindi grounding inoshandiswa, ndiko kuti, simba rekuchinja ikozvino loop. (waya dzepasi dzezvishandiso zvakati wandei dzakabatanidzwa nepini yekumisa, waya dzepasi dzezvikamu zvakati wandei zveinobuda rectifier current loop dzakabatanidzwawo nemapini ekugadzika eanoenderana mafirita capacitors, kuitira kuti magetsi agadzikane uye zvisiri nyore. kuti uzvifadze. Kana imwe pfungwa isingawanikwi, igovera pasi Batanidza diode mbiri kana diki resistor, chaizvoizvo, inogona kubatanidzwa kune imwe yakanyanyisa chidimbu chemhangura yemhangura.

B. Gadzirisa waya yekudzika zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kana waya yepasi yakaonda kwazvo, simba revhu rinoshanduka nekuchinja kwezvino, izvo zvinozoita kuti chiyero chechiratidzo chenguva yemidziyo yemagetsi ive isina kugadzikana, uye kurwisa-ruzha kuita kuchaderera. Nokudaro, iva nechokwadi chokuti imwe neimwe yakakura ikozvino yepasi terminal Shandisa mitsetse yakadhindwa seipfupi uye yakafara sezvinobvira, uye kuwedzera hupamhi hwesimba uye mitsetse yepasi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Zviri nani kuti mutsara wepasi wakafara kudarika tambo yemagetsi. Ukama hwavo ndewe: mutsara wepasi> mutsara wesimba> chiratidzo mutsara. Kana zvichibvira, mutsara wepasi Upamhi hunofanira kuva mukuru kudarika 3mm, uye nzvimbo yakakura yemhangura yemhangura inogonawo kushandiswa setambo yepasi. Batanidza nzvimbo dzisina kushandiswa pabhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa setambo yepasi. Paunenge uchiita wiring yepasirese, misimboti inotevera inofanirwa kuteverwa:

(1) Wiring kutungamira: Kubva pakuona kweiyo welding surface, kurongeka kwezvikamu kunofanirwa kunge kunoenderana sezvinobvira neiyo schematic diagram. Iyo wiring dhairekitori inofanirwa kuenderana neiyo wiring dhairekitori yedhiyagiramu yedunhu, nekuti akasiyana ma paramita anowanzo kudiwa pane welding pamusoro panguva yekugadzira. Naizvozvo, yakanakira kuongororwa, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mukugadzira (Cherechedza: Zvinoreva kune nzvimbo yekusangana nekuita kwedunhu uye zvinodiwa zvemushini wese kuisirwa uye mapaneru dhizaini).

(2) Paunenge uchigadzira iyo wiring diagraph, iyo wiring haifanirwe kukotama zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, upamhi hwemutsara pane yakadhindwa arc haifanirwe kuchinjwa kamwe kamwe, kona yewaya inofanira kunge iri ≥90 madhigirii, uye mitsetse inofanira kunge iri nyore uye. clear.

(3) Maseketi emuchinjiko haabvumidzwe mudhinda rakadhindwa. Kune mitsetse inogona kuyambuka, unogona kushandisa "drilling" uye "mhepo" kuigadzirisa. Ndiko kuti, rega mutobvu "uboore" nepamukaha pasi pezvimwe zvinodzivirira, capacitor, uye triode pini, kana "mhepo" kubva kune imwe mugumo wemutobvu ungayambuka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu anokosha, kuti dunhu rakaoma sei, rinobvumirwawo kurerutsa dhizaini. Shandisa waya kubhiriji kugadzirisa dambudziko remuchinjiko. Nemhaka yokuti bhodhi rimwe-sided rinogamuchirwa, zvikamu zve-in-line zvinowanikwa pamusoro pepamusoro uye zvigadziro zvepamusoro-soro zviri pasi pasi. Naizvozvo, ma-in-line maturusi anogona kupindirana neapamusoro-akakwira zvishandiso panguva yekurongeka, asi kupindirana kwemapadhi kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa.

C. Input ivhu uye goho ivhu Iyi switching magetsi emagetsi ishoma-voltage DC-DC. Kana iwe uchida kupa mhinduro kune yakabuda voltage kumashure kune yekutanga ye transformer, maseketi kumativi ese ari maviri anofanirwa kuve neyakajairika referensi pasi, saka mushure mekuisa mhangura pasi waya pamativi ese, Iwo anofanirwa kubatanidzwa pamwe chete kuti aumbe nzvimbo yakafanana. .

5. Tarisa

Mushure mekunge dhizaini yapera, zvinodikanwa kunyatso tarisisa kana iyo wiring dhizaini inoenderana nemitemo yakatarwa nemugadziri, uye panguva imwechete iyo inofanirwawo kusimbisa kana iyo yakagadzwa mitemo inosangana nezvinodiwa zveyakadhindwa bhodhi kugadzirwa. process. Kazhinji tarisa mutsara uye mutsara, mutsetse uye chikamu padhi, mutsetse Kana nhambwe kubva kuburikidza nemakomba, mapedhi echikamu uye nemumaburi, nemumaburi uye nemumaburi zvinonzwisisika, uye kuti zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Kana hupamhi hwetambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi zvakakodzera, uye kana pane nzvimbo yekuwedzera mutsara wepasi muPCB. Cherechedza: Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvinogona kufuratirwa. Semuyenzaniso, chikamu chechidimbu chezvimwe zvibatanidza chinoiswa kunze kwebhodhi furemu, uye zvikanganiso zvichaitika kana uchitarisa nzvimbo; Mukuwedzera, nguva imwe neimwe iyo wiring uye vias zvinogadziriswa, mhangura inofanira kuvharwa zvakare.

6. Tarisa zvakare maererano ne "PCB Checklist"

Izvo zvirimo zvinosanganisira mitemo yekugadzira, tsananguro yedhizaini, mutsara wakafara, kupatsanura, mapadhi, uye kuburikidza nemaseti. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti uongorore kurongeka kweiyo dhizaini dhizaini, iyo wiring yesimba uye pasi network, wiring uye kudzivirirwa kwema-high-speed clock network, uye decoupling Placement uye kubatana kwema capacitors, nezvimwewo.

7. nyaya dzinoda kutariswa mukugadzira uye kubuda mafaira eGerber

a. Iwo mataira anoda kubuda anosanganisira wiring layer (pazasi layer), silk screen layer (inosanganisira yepamusoro sirika sikirini, pasi sirika sikirini), solder mask (pazasi solder mask), yekudhirowa (pazasi layer), uye faira rekuchera (NCDrill. )
b. Paunenge uchiseta iyo Silk screen layer, usasarudza PartType, sarudza iyo yepamusoro layer (pazasi layer) uye Outline, Chinyorwa, Linec yesiriki skrini layer. Paunenge uchiisa Iyo Layer yeimwe neimwe layer, sarudza Board Outline. Paunenge uchiseta sirika screen layer, usasarudza PartType, sarudza Outline, Text, Line.d yekumusoro layer (yezasi layer) uye silk screen layer. Paunenge uchigadzira mafaira ekuchera, shandisa zvigadziriso zvePowerPCB uye usaite chero shanduko.