Kutadza kunokonzerwa nekukuvara kwecapacitor ndiko kwakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi, uye kukuvadzwa kwe electrolytic capacitors ndiko kwakanyanya. Kuita kwekukuvara kwe capacitor kunotevera:
1. Kugona kunova kudiki; 2. Kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwesimba; 3. Leakage; 4. Short circuit.
Capacitors vanoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana munharaunda, uye zvikanganiso zvavanokonzera zvine maitiro avo. Mumaindasitiri ekudzora edunhu mabhodhi, madhijitari maseketi anoverengera ruzhinji, uye macapacitor anonyanya kushandiswa kusefa kwemagetsi, uye mashoma macapacitor anoshandiswa pakubatanidza chiratidzo uye oscillation maseketi. Kana iyo electrolytic capacitor inoshandiswa mumagetsi ekushandura yakakanganiswa, simba rekushandura rinogona kusazununguka, uye hapana kubuda kwemagetsi; kana mhepo inobuda haina kusefa zvakanaka, uye dunhu rine nyonganiso nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemagetsi, izvo zvinoratidza kuti muchina uri kushanda zvakanaka kana wakaputsika. yedunhu redhijitari, kukanganisa kuchave kwakafanana nepamusoro.
Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka pamakombuta motherboards. Makomputa mazhinji dzimwe nguva anotadza kubatika mushure memakore mashoma, uye dzimwe nguva anogona kubatidzwa. Vhura nyaya yacho, iwe unogona kazhinji kuona chiitiko che electrolytic capacitors bulging, kana iwe ukabvisa capacitors kuyera kukwanisa , Yakawanikwa yakaderera zvikuru kudarika kukosha chaiko.
Hupenyu hwe capacitor hunoenderana zvakananga neambient tembiricha. Iyo yakakwirira ye ambient tembiricha, iyo ipfupi hupenyu hwe capacitor. Mutemo uyu unoshanda kwete chete kune electrolytic capacitors, asiwo kune mamwe capacitors. Nokudaro, kana uchitsvaga capacitor yakashata, unofanira kutarisa kutarisa ma capacitors ari pedyo nekupisa kwemhepo, zvakadai sema capacitors pedyo nekupisa kwekupisa uye zvikamu zvemasimba makuru. Kuswedera kwaunenge uri, ndiko kuwedzera mukana wekukuvadza.
Ndagadzirisa magetsi eX-ray flaw detector. Mushandisi akataura kuti chiutsi chakabuda mumagetsi. Mushure mekubvisa nyaya yacho, zvakaonekwa kuti paive ne1000uF / 350V hombe capacitor ine zvinhu zvine mafuta zvichiyerera. Bvisa humwe huwandu hwehuwandu Inongova makumi eF uF, uye inowanikwa kuti iyi chete capacitor ndiyo iri pedyo nekupisa kunyura kwebhiriji rekugadziridza, uye mamwe ari kure akasimba ane simba rakakwana. Mukuwedzera, iyo ceramic capacitors yakanga yakapfupika-yakatenderera, uye iyo capacitors yakawanikwawo inenge iri pedyo nekupisa zvikamu. Naizvozvo, panofanirwa kuve nekusimbisa pakutarisa nekugadzirisa.
Mamwe ma capacitor ane yakakomba leakage ikozvino, uye anotopisa maoko ako kana abatwa neminwe yako. Iyi mhando ye capacitor inofanira kutsiviwa.
Panyaya yekukwira nekudzika panguva yekugadzirisa, kunze kwekunge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchingedzo kukuvadzwa kwe capacitor. Nokudaro, paunosangana nekukundikana kwakadaro, unogona kutarisa kutarisa ma capacitors. Mushure mekutsiva ma capacitors, zvinowanzoshamisa (zvechokwadi, iwe unofanirwawo kuterera kune kunaka kweiyo capacitors, uye sarudza mhando iri nani, yakadai saRuby, Black Diamond, nezvimwewo).
1. Hunhu uye kutonga kwekupikisa kukanganisa
Zvinowanzoonekwa kuti vazhinji vanotanga vari kukanda pakupikisa pavanenge vachigadzirisa dunhu, uye rinobviswa uye rinosungirirwa. Kutaura zvazviri, yakagadziridzwa zvikuru. Chero bedzi iwe uchinzwisisa kukuvara kwemaitiro ekupikisa, haufanire kupedza nguva yakawanda.
Resistance ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda mumidziyo yemagetsi, asi haisi iyo chikamu chine yakanyanya kukuvadza mwero. Vhura dunhu ndiyo yakajairika rudzi rwekupikisa kukanganisa. Kashoma kuti kukosha kwekupikisa kunowedzera, uye kukosha kwekupikisa kunova kuduku. Zvakajairika zvinosanganisira kabhoni film resistors, simbi film resistors, waya ronda resistors uye inishuwarenzi resistors.
Mhando mbiri dzekutanga dzekupikisa ndidzo dzinonyanya kushandiswa. Imwe yehunhu hwekukuvadzwa kwavo ndeyekuti chiyero chekukuvadzwa kwekushomeka kwakaderera (pasi pe100Ω) uye kupikisa kwakanyanya (pamusoro pe100kΩ) kwakakwira, uye kukosha kwepakati (senge mazana emaohm kusvika makumi emakumi ekiroohms) Kukuvadza kushoma; Chechipiri, kana zvidziviriro zvakaderera zvakakuvadzwa, zvinowanzopiswa uye zvakasvibiswa, izvo zviri nyore kuwana, nepo zvinopikisa zvakanyanya zvisingawanzokuvadzwa.
Wirewound resistors anowanzo shandiswa kune yakakwira ikozvino kudzikisira, uye kuramba hakuna hombe. Kana cylindrical wire ronda resistors zvikatsva, mamwe anoshanduka kuita dema kana kuti pamusoro pacho pachaputika kana kutsemuka, uye mamwe anenge asina makwara. Cement resistors imhando yewaya maronda resistors, anogona kuputsika kana apiswa, zvikasadaro hapazovi nezvinooneka. Kana fuse resistor yapera, chimedu cheganda chinopeperetswa pane dzimwe nzvimbo, uye zvimwe zvacho hazvina kana makwara, asi hazvimbotsva kana kuita dema. Zvinoenderana nehunhu huri pamusoro, iwe unogona kutarisa pakutarisa kupikisa uye nekukurumidza kuwana iyo yakakuvadzwa kuramba.
Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwakanyorwa pamusoro, isu tinogona kutanga tacherekedza kana iyo yakaderera-inopikisa resistors pabhodhi redunhu yakapisa mavanga matema, uye zvino zvinoenderana nehunhu huzhinji hwevadzivisi vakavhurika kana kushorwa kunova kwakakura uye yakakwirira-inopikisa resistors. zviri nyore kukuvara. Isu tinogona kushandisa multimeter kuyera zvakananga kushorwa pamigumo yese yekumusoro-kupikisa resistor pabhodhi redunhu. Kana kuyerwa kupikiswa kwakakura kudarika kushorwa kwezita, kushorwa kunofanirwa kukuvadzwa (ona kuti kushorwa kwakadzikama kusati kwaratidzwa Mukupedzisa, nekuti panogona kunge paine parallel capacitive elements mudunhu, pane kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa nzira), kana kupikisa kwakayerwa kudiki pane kupikisa kwezita, kunowanzo furatirwa. Nenzira iyi, kupikisa kwega kwega pabhodhi redunhu kunoyerwa zvakare, kunyange kana chiuru chimwe "chikauraiwa zvisina kururama", imwe haizoshaiwi.
Chechipiri, nzira yekutonga yekushanda amplifier
Zvakaoma kutonga mhando yeanoshanda amplifiers kune akawanda emagetsi anogadzirisa, kwete chete nhanho yedzidzo (kune vakawanda undergraduates undergraduates, kana iwe ukasadzidzisa, ivo havazoiti, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti unzwisise, pane. yakakosha Ndizvo zvakafanana kune vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza vane vadzidzisi vari kudzidza inverter control!), Ndinoda kukurukura newe pano, uye ndinovimba zvichabatsira kumunhu wese.
Iyo yakanaka yekushanda amplifier ine hunhu hwe "virtual short" uye "virtual break", aya maviri maitiro anobatsira kwazvo pakuongorora inoshanda amplifier wedunhu remutsara application. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushandisa mutsara, iyo op amp inofanirwa kushanda yakavharwa loop (negative mhinduro). Kana pasina mhinduro isina kunaka, iyo op amp pasi pekuvhurika-loop amplification inova muenzanisi. Kana iwe uchida kutonga kunaka kwechigadzirwa, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wasiyanisa kana mudziyo unoshandiswa seamplifier kana muenzanisi mudunhu.