Anti-kupindira chinhu chakakosha zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwedunhu remazuva ano, iro rinoratidza zvakananga kushanda uye kuvimbika kwehurongwa hwose. Kune mainjiniya ePCB, anti-kupindira dhizaini ndiyo kiyi uye yakaoma pfungwa iyo munhu wese anofanira kugona.
Kuvapo kwekupindira muPCB board
Mukutsvagisa chaiko, zvinoonekwa kuti kune zvina zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya muPCB dhizaini: ruzha rwemagetsi, kupindira kwetambo yekufambisa, kubatanidza uye kukanganiswa kwemagetsi (EMI).
1. Simba rekupa ruzha
Munharaunda yepamusoro-frequency circuit, ruzha rwemagetsi ane simba rinonyanya kuoneka pachiratidzo chepamusoro-frequency. Nokudaro, chinodiwa chekutanga chekugovera simba ndeye ruzha rushoma. Pano, ivhu rakachena rakakosha senzvimbo yemagetsi yakachena.
2. Mutsara wekutumira
Kune marudzi maviri chete emitsara yekutapurirana inogoneka muPCB: strip line uye microwave line. Dambudziko hombe nematambo ekutapurirana ndere kuratidzira. Kuongorora kunokonzeresa matambudziko mazhinji. Semuenzaniso, chiratidzo chemutoro chichava chepamusoro chechiratidzo chepakutanga uye chiratidzo che echo, izvo zvichawedzera kuoma kwekuongorora kwechiratidzo; kufungisisa kuchakonzera kurasikirwa kwekudzoka (kudzoka kurasikirwa), izvo zvichakanganisa chiratidzo. Kukanganisa kwacho kwakakomba sekunge kunokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kweruzha rwekuwedzera.
3. Kubatana
Iyo yekukanganisa chiratidzo inogadzirwa neiyo yekukanganisa sosi inokonzeresa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kune yemagetsi control system kuburikidza neimwe nzira yekubatanidza. Iyo nzira yekubatanidza yekuvhiringidza haisi chinhu kunze kwekuita pane yemagetsi control system kuburikidza newaya, nzvimbo, mitsara yakajairika, etc. Kuongorora kunonyanya kusanganisira zvinotevera mhando: yakananga kubatanidza, yakajairika impedance coupling, capacitive coupling, electromagnetic induction coupling, radiation coupling, etc.
4. Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference EMI ine marudzi maviri: kupindira kunoitwa uye kukanganiswa kweradiated. Conducted interference inoreva kubatanidza (kupindira) kwezviratidzo pane imwe magetsi network kune imwe magetsi network kuburikidza neconductive medium. Radiated interference inoreva interference source coupling (interference) chiratidzo chayo kune imwe network yemagetsi nemuchadenga. Mune yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB uye sisitimu dhizaini, yakakwira-frequency siginecha mitsara, yakasanganiswa yedunhu mapini, akasiyana-siyana anobatanidza, nezvimwe zvinogona kuve zvitubu zvekupindira nemwaranzi zvine antenna maitiro, ayo anogona kuburitsa mafungu emagetsi uye kukanganisa mamwe masisitimu kana mamwe ma subsystems muhurongwa. basa rakajairika.
PCB uye redunhu anti-kupindira matanho
Iyo anti-jamming dhizaini yakadhindwa dhizaini dhizaini yakanyatso hukama kune chaiyo dunhu. Tevere, isu tichangoita tsananguro pane akati wandei akajairwa matanho ePCB anti-jamming dhizaini.
1. Simba tambo kugadzira
Zvinoenderana nehukuru hweiyo yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi ikozvino, edza kuwedzera hupamhi hwetambo yemagetsi kuderedza kupikisa kwechiuno. Panguva imwecheteyo, ita kuti kutungamira kwetambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi uenderane negwaro rekufambiswa kwedata, iro rinobatsira kusimudzira kugona kwekurwisa ruzha.
2. Ground wire design
Kuparadzanisa ivhu redhijitari kubva kune analog pasi. Kana paine ese ari maviri logic maseketi uye mutsara maseketi pane redunhu bhodhi, anofanirwa kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Ivhu redunhu repasi-frequency redunhu rinofanira kugadzika mukuenderana pane imwe nzvimbo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kana iyo wiring chaiyo yakaoma, inogona kubatanidzwa zvishoma munhevedzano uye yobva yadzika mukufanana. Iyo yepamusoro-frequency yedunhu inofanirwa kudzika pasi pamapoinzi akawanda munhevedzano, waya yepasi inofanira kunge iri pfupi uye gobvu, uye grid-yakafanana nenzvimbo yakakura yepasi foil inofanira kushandiswa kutenderedza-yepamusoro-frequency chikamu.
Iyo tambo yepasi inofanira kunge yakakura sezvinobvira. Kana mutsara wakaonda kwazvo uchishandiswa kune waya yekumisa, iyo inogona kuchinja pasi neiyo ikozvino, iyo inoderedza kusagadzikana kweruzha. Nokudaro, tambo yepasi inofanira kusimbiswa kuitira kuti ipfuure katatu inobvumirwa ikozvino pabhodhi rakadhindwa. Kana zvichibvira, waya yepasi inofanira kuva pamusoro pe2 ~ 3mm.
Waya yepasi inoumba chivharo chakavharwa. Kune mabhodhi akadhindwa anoumbwa chete edhijitari maseketi, mazhinji emaseketi epasi anorongwa muzvishwe kuti avandudze kurwisa ruzha.
3. Decoupling capacitor configuration
Imwe yedzakajairwa nzira dzePCB dhizaini ndeyekugadzirisa akakodzera decoupling capacitor pane chimwe nechimwe chikamu chakakosha chebhodhi rakadhindwa.
Iwo akajairwa kumisikidzwa misimboti ye decoupling capacitors ndeaya:
① Batanidza 10 ~ 100uf electrolytic capacitor pane yekuisa simba. Kana zvichikwanisika, zviri nani kubatana ne100uF kana kupfuura.
②Musimboti, yega yega yakabatanidzwa yedunhu chip inofanira kunge ine 0.01pF ceramic capacitor. Kana gaka rebhodhi rakadhindwa risina kukwana, 1-10pF capacitor inogona kurongwa kune yega 4 ~ 8 machipi.
③Pamidziyo ine simba rekudzivirira-ruzha risina simba uye simba guru rekuchinja kana rakadzimwa, senge RAM neROM yekuchengetedza zvishandiso, decoupling capacitor inofanira kubatanidzwa zvakananga pakati petambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi wechip.
④Capacitor lead haifanire kunge yakareba, kunyanya iyo yakakwira frequency bypass capacitor haifanirwe kuve nemutobvu.
4. Nzira dzekubvisa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi muPCB dhizaini
①Deredzai zvishwe: Imwe neimwe loop yakaenzana neantenna, saka isu tinofanirwa kudzikisa huwandu hwezvishwe, nzvimbo yechiuno uye antenna mhedzisiro yechiuno. Ita shuwa kuti chiratidzo chine nzira imwe chete yechiuno pane chero mapoinzi maviri, dzivirira zvishwe zvekugadzira, uye edza kushandisa dura remagetsi.
②Kusefa: Kusefa kunogona kushandiswa kuderedza EMI zvese pamutsetse wemagetsi uye pamutsetse wechiratidzo. Pane nzira nhatu: decoupling capacitors, EMI mafirita, uye magineti zvikamu.
③Shield.
④ Edza kudzikisa kumhanya kweakakwira-frequency zvishandiso.
⑤ Kuwedzera dielectric nguva dzose yePCB board inogona kudzivirira zvikamu zvepamusoro-frequency senge mutsara wekutumira pedyo nebhodhi kubva pakupenya kunze; kuwedzera kukora kwebhodhi rePCB uye kuderedza ukobvu hwetambo yemicrostrip kunogona kudzivirira waya yemagetsi kubva pakupfachukira uye kudzivirirawo radiation.