PCBA Reverse Engineering

Iyo tekinoroji yekuona maitiro ePCB kopi bhodhi ndeye kungotarisa bhodhi redunhu kuti rikoperwe, kurekodha iyo yakadzama chikamu nzvimbo, wobva wabvisa zvinhu kugadzira bhiri rezvinhu (BOM) uye kuronga kutenga zvinhu, bhodhi risina chinhu. yakagadziridzwa nekopi bhodhi software uye yakadzoserwa kune pcb bhodhi kudhirowa faira, uye ipapo PCB faira inotumirwa kune ndiro kugadzira fekitori kuita bhodhi. Mushure mokunge bhodhi ragadzirwa, zvikamu zvakatengwa zvinotengeswa kune yakagadzirwa PCB board, uye ipapo bhodhi redunhu rinoedzwa Uye kugadzirisa.

Iwo chaiwo matanho ePCB kopi bhodhi:

Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekutora PCB. Chekutanga, rekodha modhi, paramita, uye zvinzvimbo zvezvikamu zvese zvakakosha pabepa, kunyanya kutungamira kwe diode, tertiary chubhu, uye kutungamira kweIC gap. Zvakanakisa kushandisa dhijitari kamera kutora mafoto maviri enzvimbo yezvikamu zvakakosha. The ano pcb redunhu mapuranga vari kuwedzera uye zvikuru mberi. Zvimwe zve diode transistors hazvionekwi zvachose.

Nhanho yechipiri ndeyekubvisa ese akawanda-layer mapuranga uye kukopa mapuranga, uye kubvisa tini muPAD gomba. Geza PCB nedoro woiisa mu scanner. Kana scanner ichitarisa, unofanirwa kusimudza mapixels akaongororwa zvishoma kuti uwane mufananidzo wakajeka. Wobva waisa jecha kumusoro nepasi pasi nepepa remvura gauze kusvikira firimu remhangura richipenya, riise mu scanner, tanga PHOTOSHOP, uye tarisa zvidimbu zviviri zvakasiyana muruvara. Ziva kuti PCB inofanirwa kuiswa yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka mu scanner, zvikasadaro mufananidzo wakaongororwa haugone kushandiswa.

Nhanho yechitatu ndeyekugadzirisa kusiyanisa uye kupenya kwejira kuitira kuti chikamu chine firimu yemhangura uye chikamu chisina firimu yemhangura ive nekusiyana kwakasimba, uye wozoshandura mufananidzo wechipiri mutema nemuchena, uye tarisa kana mitsetse yakajeka. Kana zvisina kudaro, dzokorora danho iri. Kana zviri pachena, chengetedza mufananidzo semafaira matema uye machena eBMP TOP.BMP uye BOT.BMP. Kana iwe ukawana chero matambudziko nemifananidzo, unogona zvakare kushandisa PHOTOSHOP kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa.

Danho rechina nderekushandura maviri BMP mafomati mafaera kuita PROTEL mafaera efomati, uye kutamisa maviri akaturikidzana muPROTEL. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzePAD neVIA dzakapfuura nepakati pezvikamu zviviri zvinopindirana, zvichiratidza kuti matanho apfuura akaitwa zvakanaka. Kana pane kutsauka, dzokorora danho rechitatu. Naizvozvo, PCB kukopa ibasa rinoda kushivirira, nekuti diki dambudziko rinokanganisa kunaka uye dhigirii rekufananidza mushure mekukopa.

Nhanho yechishanu ndeyekushandura BMP ye TOP layer ku TOP.PCB, teerera kushanduko kune SILK layer, iyo yero layer, uye ipapo unogona kutsvaga mutsara pa TOP layer, woisa mudziyo zvinoenderana. kudhirowa padanho rechipiri. Bvisa iyo SILK layer mushure mekudhirowa. Ramba uchidzokorora kusvikira zvikamu zvose zvadhirowa.

Danho rechitanhatu nderekupinza TOP.PCB neBOT.PCB muPROTEL, uye zvakanaka kuzvibatanidza kuita mufananidzo mumwe.

Danho rechinomwe, shandisa laser printer kudhinda TOP LAYER neBOTTOM LAYER pafirimu rinoonekera (1: 1 ratio), isa firimu paPCB, uye enzanisa kana pane kukanganisa. Kana zviri izvo, wapedza. .

Bhodhi rekopi rakafanana nebhodhi rekutanga rakazvarwa, asi izvi zvinongoitwa nehafu. Izvo zvinodiwawo kuti uedze kana iyo yemagetsi tekinoroji mashandiro eiyo kopi bhodhi yakafanana neiyo yekutanga bhodhi. Kana zvakafanana, zvinoitwa chaizvo.

Cherechedza: Kana iri bhodhi re-multi-layer, unoda kunyatsogadzirisa mukati memukati, uye dzokorora matanho ekukopa kubva padanho rechitatu kusvika kune rechishanu. Ehezve, zita reiyo graphics rakasiyanawo. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwematanho. Kazhinji, kaviri-mativi kukopa kunoda Zviri nyore zvikuru kupfuura multi-layer bhodhi, uye akawanda-layer kopi bhodhi rinowanzoita misalignment, saka multi-layer bhodhi kopi bhodhi anofanira kunyanya kungwarira uye kungwarira (apo mukati vias uye vasiri-vias vanowanzosangana nematambudziko).

Nzira yekukopa bhodhi ine mativi maviri:
1. Snaidza kumusoro nezasi maseketi edunhu bhodhi uye chengetedza maviri mapikicha eBMP.

2. Vhura iyo kopi bhodhi software Quickpcb2005, tinya "Faira" "Open Base Map" kuvhura mufananidzo wakaongororwa. Shandisa PAGEUP kuswededza mukati pachiratidziro, ona padhi, dzvanya PP kuti uise padhi, ona mutsara uye uteedzere mutsara wePT… senge mwana anodhirowa, dhirowa mune iyi software, tinya "Chengetedza" kugadzira B2P faira. .

3. Dzvanya "Faira" uye "Open Base Image" kuti uvhure imwe nhanho yemifananidzo yakaongororwa yemavara;

4. Dzvanya "Faira" uye "Vhura" zvakare kuti uzarure B2P faira yakachengetedzwa kare. Isu tinoona iyo ichangobva kukopwa bhodhi, yakaturikidzana pamusoro peiyi pikicha-iyo yakafanana PCB bhodhi, maburi ari munzvimbo imwechete, asi iyo wiring yekubatanidza yakasiyana. Saka isu tinodzvanya "Sarudzo" - "Layer Settings", dzima iyo yepamusoro-level mutsara uye sirika sikirini pano, uchisiya chete akawanda-layer vias.

5. The vias pamusoro akaturikidzana vari zvakafanana chinzvimbo sezvo vias pazasi mufananidzo. Iye zvino tinogona kuronda mitsetse pazasi pasi sezvataiita muhuduku. Dzvanya "Chengetedza" zvakare-iyo B2P faira ikozvino ine maviri akaturikidzana eruzivo kumusoro uye pasi.

6. Dzvanya "Faira" uye "Export sePCB File", uye unogona kuwana PCB faira ine zvidimbu zviviri zve data. Unogona kushandura bhodhi kana kuburitsa dhizaini kana kutumira zvakananga kuPCB ndiro fekitori yekugadzira

Multilayer board kopi nzira:

Muchokwadi, mana-layer board ekukopa bhodhi ndeyekukopa maviri-aviri mativi mapuranga kasingaperi, uye yechitanhatu kudzokorora kukopa matatu-ane mativi mabhodhi ... mukati wiring. Tinoona sei zvidimbu zvemukati zvebhodhi rakawanda? -Stratification.

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuisa, senge potion corrosion, kubvisa maturusi, nezvimwewo, asi zviri nyore kuparadzanisa zvidimbu uye kurasikirwa nedata. Zvakaitika zvinotiudza kuti jecha ndiro rakanyatsojeka.

Kana tapedza kukopa kumusoro uye pasi zvidimbu zvePCB, isu tinowanzo shandisa sandpaper kupuruzira dhizaini repamusoro kuratidza mukati; sandpaper rakajairika sandpaper rinotengeswa muzvitoro zvehardware, kazhinji flat PCB, wobva wabata sandpaper wozora zvakaenzana paPCB (Kana bhodhi iri diki, unogonawo kuisa sandpaper flat, dzvanya PCB nemunwe mumwe wozora pajecha. ) Chinhu chikuru ndechokuigadzira kuti ive yakati sandara kuitira kuti ivhurwe zvakaenzana.

Chidzitiro chesirika nemafuta egirinhi zvinowanzodzimwa, uye waya yemhangura neganda remhangura zvinodzimwa kakati wandei. Kazhinji kutaura, bhodhi reBluetooth rinogona kupukuta mumaminitsi mashomanana, uye chiyeuchidzo chinotora anenge maminetsi gumi; zvirokwazvo, kana uine simba rakawanda, zvinotora nguva shoma; kana uine simba shoma, zvinotora nguva yakawanda.

Kukuya bhodhi parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa, uye ndiyo yakanyanya hupfumi. Tinogona kuwana PCB yakaraswa toiedza. Muchokwadi, kukuya bhodhi hakuna kuoma nehunyanzvi. Zvinongobhowa. Zvinotora kushanda zvishoma uye hapana chikonzero chekunetseka pamusoro pekukuya bhodhi kuminwe.

 

PCB yekudhirowa maitiro wongororo

Munguva yePCB marongerwo maitiro, mushure mekugadzirisa sisitimu kwapera, iyo PCB dhayagiramu inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti ione kana iyo sisitimu marongerwo ane musoro uye kana iyo yakakwana mhedzisiro inogona kuwanikwa. Kazhinji inogona kuongororwa kubva pane zvinotevera zvinhu:
1. Pasinei nokuti urongwa hwehurongwa hunovimbisa wiring inonzwisisika kana yakakwana, kana iyo wiring inogona kuitwa yakavimbika, uye kana kuvimbika kwekushanda kwedunhu kunogona kuvimbiswa. Muchigadziro, zvinodikanwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakazara uye kuronga kwekutungamira kwechiratidzo uye simba uye pasi waya network.

2. Pasinei nokuti ukuru hwebhodhi rakadhindwa hunoenderana nehukuru hwekudhirowa kwekugadzirisa, kana inogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvePCB yekugadzira nzira, uye kana pane chiratidzo chemaitiro. Pfungwa iyi inoda kunyatsotariswa. Kurongeka kwedunhu uye wiring yemabhodhi mazhinji ePCB akagadzirwa zvakanakisa uye zvine musoro, asi iyo chaiyo yekumisikidzwa kwenzvimbo yekubatanidza inoregeredzwa, zvichikonzera dhizaini yedunhu haigone kuvharwa nemamwe maseketi.

3. Kana zvikamu zvichipesana munzvimbo ine mativi maviri uye matatu-dimensional. Ngwarira kuhukuru chaihwo hwechigadzirwa, kunyanya kureba kwechigadzirwa. Kana welding zvikamu pasina dhizaini, kureba hakufanirwe kudarika 3mm.

4. Kana marongerwo ezvikamu akaomeswa uye akarongeka, akarongwa zvakanaka, uye kana zvese zvakaiswa. Mukurongeka kwezvikamu, kwete chete kutungamira kwechiratidzo, rudzi rwechiratidzo, uye nzvimbo dzinoda kutariswa kana kuchengetedzwa dzinofanirwa kutariswa, asi huwandu hwese hwemagadzirirwo echishandiso hunofanirwawo kutariswa kuti uwane yunifomu density.

5. Kana zvikamu zvinoda kuchinjwa kakawanda zvinogona kuchinjwa nyore nyore, uye kana bhodhi-in board inogona kuiswa nyore nyore mumidziyo. Iko kureruka uye kuvimbika kwekutsiva uye kubatana kwezvinhu zvinogara zvichitsiviwa zvinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi.