PCB (Printed Circuit Board), iro zita rechiChinese rinonzi rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, rinozivikanwawo serakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, chinhu chakakosha chemagetsi chikamu, iboka rinotsigira rezvikamu zvemagetsi. Nemhaka yokuti inobudiswa nekudhinda kwemagetsi, inonzi "yakadhindwa" bhodhi redunhu.
Pamberi pePCBS, masekete akagadzirwa neinongedzo-ku-kupfuta wiring. Kuvimbika kweiyi nzira kwakaderera zvikuru, nokuti semakore edunhu, kuputika kwemutsara kuchaita kuti node yemutsara iparadze kana kupfupika. Wire winding tekinoroji ndeyekufambira mberi kukuru mutekinoroji yedunhu, iyo inovandudza kusimba uye inotsiviwa kugona kwemutsetse nekumoneredza diki dhayamita waya yakatenderedza danda panzvimbo yekubatanidza.
Sezvo indasitiri yemagetsi yakashanduka kubva kune vacuum machubhu uye relay kune silicon semiconductors uye akasanganiswa maseketi, saizi uye mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakarambawo. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviri kuwedzera kuoneka muchikamu chevatengi, zvichiita kuti vagadziri vatarise zvidiki uye zvinodhura mhinduro. Nokudaro, PCB yakazvarwa.
PCB kugadzira maitiro
Kugadzirwa kwePCB kwakaoma kwazvo, kutora mana-layer yakadhindwa bhodhi semuenzaniso, maitiro ayo ekugadzira anonyanya kusanganisira PCB dhizaini, core board kugadzirwa, yemukati PCB dhizaini yekufambisa, core board kuchera uye kuongorora, lamination, drilling, gomba madziro copper kemikari inonaya. , yekunze PCB dhizaini yekufambisa, yekunze PCB etching uye mamwe matanho.
1, PCB dhizaini
Nhanho yekutanga mukugadzirwa kwePCB kuronga uye kutarisa PCB Magadzirirwo. Iyo PCB yekugadzira fekitori inogamuchira mafaira eCAD kubva kuPCB dhizaini kambani, uye sezvo yega yega software yeCAD ine yayo yakasarudzika faira fomati, iyo PCB fekitori inovashandura kuita yakabatana fomati - Yakawedzerwa Gerber RS-274X kana Gerber X2. Ipapo mainjiniya wefekitari anozotarisa kana PCB dhizaini inoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira uye kana paine hurema uye mamwe matambudziko.
2, core plate kugadzira
Chenesa ndiro yemhangura yemhangura, kana paine guruva, inogona kutungamirira kudunhu rekupedzisira redunhu pfupi kana kuputsa.
Iyo 8-layer PCB: inogadzirwa chaizvo ne3-copper-coated plates (core plates) pamwe ne2 mafirimu emhangura, uyezve inosungirirwa nehafu-yakaporeswa mapepa. Kutevedzana kwekugadzira kunotanga kubva pakati pepakati peplate (4 kana 5 akaturikidzana emitsara), uye inogara yakaturikidzwa pamwe chete yobva yagadziriswa. Kugadzirwa kwe4-layer PCB kwakafanana, asi kunongoshandisa 1 core board uye 2 mafirimu emhangura.
3, iyo yemukati PCB dhizaini kuendesa
Kutanga, iwo maviri akaturikidzana epakati peCore board (Core) anogadzirwa. Mushure mekuchenesa, ndiro yemhangura yakavharwa yakafukidzwa nefirimu ine photosensitive. Iyo firimu inoomesa kana yaiswa chiedza, ichigadzira firimu rekudzivirira pamusoro pefoiri yemhangura yeplate yemhangura.
Iwo maviri-layer PCB dhizaini firimu uye kaviri-layer copper clad plate inozopedzisira yapinzwa muyepamusoro layer PCB yekumisikidza firimu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ekumusoro neazasi akaturikidzana ePCB marongero firimu akarongedzwa nemazvo.
Iyo sensitizer inovhenekera firimu rinonzwa riri pafoiri yemhangura ine UV rambi. Pasi pefirimu rakajeka, iyo firimu inonzwisisika inoporeswa, uye pasi peiyo opaque firimu, hapasati paine firimu rakapora rakapora. Iyo foil yemhangura yakavharwa pasi peyakarapwa photosensitive firimu ndiyo inodiwa PCB yekumisikidza mutsara, iyo yakaenzana nebasa relaser printer inki yebhuku PCB.
Ipapo iyo isina kupora photosensitive firimu inocheneswa nelye, uye inodiwa yemhangura foil line ichavharwa neyakarapwa photosensitive film.
Iyo foil yemhangura isingadikanwi inobva yadzikwa nealkali yakasimba, yakadai seNaOH.
Bvura iyo yakarapwa photosensitive firimu kuti ufumure foil yemhangura inodiwa kumitsetse yePCB.
4, core plate kuchera uye kuongorora
Iyo core plate yakagadzirwa zvinobudirira. Wobva wabaya buri rinoenderana mundiro yepakati kuti ufambise kurongeka nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotevera
Kana bhodhi repakati rikadzvanywa pamwe chete nemamwe maseru ePCB, haigone kugadziridzwa, saka kuongorora kwakakosha. Muchina unozofananidza nePCB dhizaini yekudhirowa kutarisa kukanganisa.
5. Laminate
Pano panodiwa nyowani nyowani inonzi semi-curing sheet, inonamira pakati pepakati bhodhi nepakati bhodhi (PCB layer nhamba> 4), pamwe neiyo bhodhi bhodhi uye yekunze foil yemhangura, uye zvakare inoita basa. ye insulation.
Iyo yepasi yemhangura foil uye maviri akaturikidza semi-akaporeswa pepa akagadziriswa kuburikidza negomba rekugadzirisa uye rezasi simbi ndiro pamberi, uyezve yakagadzirwa core plate inoiswawo mugomba rekurongeka, uye pekupedzisira iwo maviri akaturikidzana ehafu-akaporeswa. sheet, dhizaini yefoil yemhangura uye dhizaini yearuminiyamu yakatsikirirwa ndiro yakafukidzwa pane yepakati ndiro.
Mabhodhi ePCB anosungirirwa nesimbi mahwendefa anoiswa pachibhuraketi, obva atumirwa kune vacuum inopisa yekutsikisa. Iyo tembiricha yepamusoro yevacuum inopisa yekutsikisa inonyungudutsa epoxy resin mune semi-yakaporeswa sheet, yakabata mahwendefa epakati uye foil yemhangura pamwechete pasi pekumanikidzwa.
Mushure mekunge lamination yapera, bvisa yepamusoro iron plate uchitsikirira PCB. Ipapo iyo yakamanikidzwa aluminium ndiro inotorwa, uye ndiro yealuminium inoitawo basa rekuparadzanisa PCBS dzakasiyana uye kuona kuti foil yemhangura paPCB yekunze yakatsetseka. Panguva ino, mativi ese ePCB anotorwa kunze achafukidzwa nejira rakatsetseka remhangura foil.
6. Kuchera
Kuti ubatanidze mana akaturikidzana asiri kuonana mhangura foil muPCB pamwe chete, chokutanga chibooresa a perforation kuburikidza kumusoro uye pasi kuvhura PCB, uye ipapo metalize buri madziro kuitisa magetsi.
Muchina wekuchera weX-ray unoshandiswa kutsvaga mukati kati bhodhi, uye muchina unobva wawana nekutsvaga gomba pabhodhi repakati, uye wobva wabaya buri rekumisikidza paPCB kuona kuti kuchera kunotevera kuri pakati pepakati. gomba.
Isa chidimbu chealuminium sheet pamushini we punch uye isa PCB pairi. Kuti uvandudze hunyanzvi, 1 kusvika ku3 mabhodhi ePCB akafanana anozorongedzerwa pamwechete kuti aburitswe zvichienderana nehuwandu hwePCB layer. Chekupedzisira, chidimbu chealuminium ndiro inovharwa pamusoro pePCB, uye epamusoro nepasi pearuminiyamu ndiro kuitira kuti kana chiboorero chiri kudhirowa nekubuda kunze, foiri yemhangura paPCB haibvaruka.
Mune yakapfuura lamination process, yakanyungudutswa epoxy resin yakasvinwa kunze kwePCB, saka yaida kubviswa. Iyo profile milling muchina inocheka periphery yePCB zvinoenderana neiyo XY inoronga.
7. Kunaya kwemakemikari emhangura yemadziro epore
Sezvo anenge ese PCB magadzirirwo anoshandisa perforations kubatanidza akasiyana akaturikidzana ewaya, kubatana kwakanaka kunoda 25 micron copper film paburi remadziro. Uku kukora kwefirimu remhangura kunoda kuwanikwa ne electroplating, asi gomba madziro anoumbwa neasina-conductive epoxy resin uye fiberglass board.
Naizvozvo, danho rekutanga ndere kuunganidza dhizaini yezvinhu zvinoitisa pamadziro egomba, uye kugadzira 1 micron mhangura firimu pane yese PCB pamusoro, kusanganisira gomba madziro, nekemikari deposition. Maitiro ese, akadai sekurapa kwemakemikari uye kuchenesa, anodzorwa nemuchina.
Yakagadziriswa PCB
Yakachena PCB
Kutumira PCB
8, iyo yekunze PCB dhizaini yekufambisa
Tevere, iyo yekunze PCB dhizaini ichaendeswa kune yemhangura foil, uye maitiro akafanana neapfuura emukati musimboti PCB dhizaini yekufambisa musimboti, iko kushandiswa kwefotokopi firimu uye inonzwisa firimu kuendesa iyo PCB dhizaini kune yemhangura foil, iyo musiyano chete ndewekuti iyo yakanaka firimu ichashandiswa sebhodhi.
Iyo yemukati PCB dhizaini yekufambisa inotora nzira yekubvisa, uye iyo yakaipa firimu inoshandiswa sebhodhi. Iyo PCB yakafukidzwa neyakaomeswa yemifananidzo firimu remutsara, chenesa iyo isina kusimbiswa yemifananidzo firimu, yakafumurwa foil yemhangura inoiswa, PCB yekumisikidza mutsara inodzivirirwa neyakaomeswa yemifananidzo firimu uye kuruboshwe.
Iyo yekunze PCB dhizaini yekuchinjisa inotora yakajairika nzira, uye iyo yakanaka firimu inoshandiswa sebhodhi. Iyo PCB yakafukidzwa neyakarapwa photosensitive firimu renzvimbo isiri-mutsara. Mushure mekuchenesa iyo isina kupora photosensitive firimu, electroplating inoitwa. Ikoko kune firimu, haigoni kuve electroplated, uye kana pasina firimu, inoputirwa nemhangura uye ipapo tini. Mushure mokunge firimu yabviswa, alkaline etching inoitwa, uye pakupedzisira tini inobviswa. Mutsara wemutsara unosiiwa pabhodhi nokuti unodzivirirwa nemarata.
Batanidza PCB uye electroplate mhangura pairi. Sezvambotaurwa, kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti gomba rine zvakanaka zvakakwana conductivity, mhangura firimu electroplated pamusoro gomba rusvingo anofanira kuva gobvu 25 microns, saka hurongwa yose vachangoerekana kudzorwa kombiyuta kuti chokwadi kwayo.
9, ekunze PCB etching
Iyo etching process inozopedzwa nepombi yakazara otomatiki. Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo yakarapwa photosensitive firimu paPCB board inocheneswa. Zvino inoshambidzwa nealkali yakasimba kuti ibvise foil yemhangura isingadikanwi yakavharwa nayo. Wobva wabvisa tin coating paPCB marongerwo emhangura foil ine detinning solution. Mushure mekuchenesa, iyo 4-layer PCB dhizaini yapera.