Zvinoenderana neyakagadziridzwa dhizaini yedunhu, iyo simulation inogona kuitwa uye PCB inogona kugadzirwa nekutumira kunze kweGerber/drill faira. Chero dhizaini, mainjiniya anofanirwa kunyatsonzwisisa kuti maseketi (uye zvinhu zvemagetsi) anofanira kuiswa sei uye kuti anoshanda sei. Kune mainjiniya emagetsi, kutsvaga maturusi esoftware ePCB dhizaini kunogona kuve basa rakaoma. Zvishandiso zveSoftware zvinoshanda zvakanaka kune imwe PCB purojekiti inogona kusashanda zvakanaka kune vamwe. Mainjiniya vanoda mabhodhi ekugadzira maturusi ane intuitive, ane anobatsira maficha, akagadzikana zvakakwana kudzikamisa njodzi, uye ane yakasimba raibhurari inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akawanda mapurojekiti.
Hardware dambudziko
Kune mapurojekiti e-iot, kubatanidzwa kwakakosha pakuita uye kuvimbika, uye kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinoitisa uye zvisingaite muPCBS zvinoda iot vanogadzira kuti vadzidze kupindirana pakati peakasiyana emagetsi uye emagetsi ekugadzira. Kunyanya, sezvo hukuru hwechikamu hunoramba huchidzikira, kupisa kwemagetsi paPCBS kuri kuramba kuchinetsa. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodiwa zvekushanda zviri kuwedzera. Kuti uwane kuita-kwakavakirwa kuita kwedhizaini, kupindurwa kwekushisa, hunhu hwezvikamu zvemagetsi pabhodhi, uye hutongi hwese hwekupisa hunokosha pakushanda uye kuvimbika kwehurongwa.
PCB inofanirwa kuve yega kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa. Mapfupi mapfupi anodzivirirwa nekuchengetedza mitsetse yemhangura yakaiswa pabhodhi kugadzira iyo yemagetsi system. Kana ichienzaniswa neinodhura dzimwe nzira senge synthetic resin adhesive paper (SRBP, FR-1, FR-2), FR-4 inonyanya kukodzera se substrate material nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemuviri / mechaniki, kunyanya kugona kuchengetedza data kumusoro. frequencies, kupisa kwayo kwakanyanya, uye chokwadi chekuti inotora mvura shoma pane zvimwe zvinhu. Iyo FR-4 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro pamwe chete nemaindasitiri nemidziyo yehondo. Inopindirana ne-ultra-high insulation (ultra-high vacuum kana UHV).
Nekudaro, FR-4 sePCB substrate inotarisana nenhamba yezvisingakwanisi, izvo zvinobva mukurapwa kwemakemikari anoshandiswa mukugadzira. Kunyanya, zvinyorwa zvinotarisana nekugadzirwa kweinclusions (bubbles) uye streaks (longitudinal bubbles), pamwe nekugadzirisa kwegirazi fiber. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana dielectric simba uye kukanganisa PCB wiring performance. Iyo itsva epoxy girazi zvinhu inogadzirisa matambudziko aya.
Zvimwe zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira polyimide/girazi fiber (inotsigira tembiricha yepamusoro uye yakaoma) uye KAPTON (inochinjika, isingaremi, inokodzera zvikumbiro sezviratidziro uye kiyibhodhi). Zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza dielectric zvinhu (substrates) zvinosanganisira coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), girazi rekuchinja tembiricha (Tg), thermal conductivity, uye mechanical rigidity.
Mauto/muchadenga PCBS inoda magadzirirwo akakosha anoenderana nemarongerwo ezvirongwa uye 100% Dhizaini Yekuedzwa (DFT) kufukidzwa. Iyo MIL-STD-883 yakajairwa inomisikidza nzira uye maitiro ekuyedza mamicroelectronic zvishandiso akakodzera mauto uye aerospace masisitimu, anosanganisira mechaniki nemagetsi kuyedzwa, kugadzira uye kudzidzisa maitiro, uye mamwe madhiraivha kuve nechokwadi anowirirana mazinga emhando uye kuvimbika mukati mehurongwa. Kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemidziyo yakadaro.
Pamusoro pekusangana nematanho akasiyana, dhizaini yemotokari system yemagetsi inofanirwa kutevedzera akatevedzana emitemo, senge AEC-Q100 mechanika uye yemagetsi bvunzo yekurongedza akasanganiswa maseketi. Crosstalk mhedzisiro inogona kukanganisa kuchengetedza kwemotokari. Kuti uderedze mhedzisiro iyi, vagadziri vePCB vanofanirwa kutsanangura chinhambwe pakati pemutsara wechiratidzo netambo yemagetsi. Dhizaini uye kumisikidza zvinofambiswa nesoftware maturusi anongoratidza otomatiki zvinhu zvedhizaini izvo zvinoda kumwe kugadziridzwa kuti zvisangane nekukanganisa zvipimo uye nekupisa kupisa mamiriro kudzivirira kukanganisa kushanda kwehurongwa.
Notes:
Kupindira kubva kudunhu pachayo hakusi kutyisidzira kuhutano hwechiratidzo. Iyo PCB mumotokari inoputirwa neruzha, iyo inopindirana nemuviri munzira dzakaoma kupinza isingadikanwi ikozvino mudunhu. Voltage spikes uye kuchinjika kunokonzerwa nemotokari ignition masisitimu anogona kusundira zvinhu kure kupfuura kwavo machining kushivirira.
Dambudziko reSoftware
Maturusi emazuva ano ePCB ekumisikidza anofanirwa kuve neakawanda anoshanda musanganiswa kuti asangane nezvinodiwa nevagadziri. Kusarudza iyo chaiyo yekumisikidza chishandiso kunofanirwa kuve yekutanga kufunga muPCB dhizaini uye haifanirwe kufuratirwa. Zvigadzirwa kubva kuMentor Graphics, OrCAD Systems, uye Altium ndezvimwe zvemazuva ano PCB marongero maturusi.
Altium Designer
Altium Designer ndeimwe yepamusoro-yekupedzisira PCB dhizaini mapakeji pamusika nhasi. Iine otomatiki wiring basa, tsigiro yekugadzirisa kureba kwemutsara uye 3D modhi. Altium Dhizaini inosanganisira maturusi eese dhizaini dhizaini mabasa, kubva schematic kubatwa kusvika HDL pamwe nedunhu simulation, kuongororwa kwechiratidzo, PCB dhizaini, uye FPGA yakadzikwa budiriro.
Mentor Graphics 'PCB marongerwo epuratifomu inogadzirisa matambudziko makuru akatarisana nevagadziri vemazuva ano: kwakaringana, kuita - uye kushandisazve-yakamisikidzwa nested kuronga; Kubudirira nzira mune dense uye yakaoma topology; Uye electromechanical optimization. Chinhu chakakosha chepuratifomu uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza indasitiri iyi Sketch Router, iyo inopa vagadziri vakazara kutonga kutonga pamusoro peiyo otomatiki / yekubatsira kusunungura maitiro, kuburitsa iwo emhando mibairo sekusunungura kwemanyorero, asi munguva shoma shoma.
OrCAD PCB Mupepeti
OrCAD PCB Mharidzo inzvimbo inodyidzana yakagadziridzwa dhizaini yebhodhi pane chero tekinoroji level, kubva nyore kusvika kune yakaoma. Nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwayo kwechokwadi kuCadence Allegro PCB Mugadziri wePCB mhinduro, OrCAD PCB Mharidzo inotsigira hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza zvikwata zvekugadzira uye inokwanisa kubata zvipingaidzo (kumhanya kukuru, kutendeseka kwechiratidzo, nezvimwewo) uchichengetedza yakafanana graphical interface uye faira fomati.
Gerber file
Iyo indasitiri yakajairika Gerber faira fomati inoshandiswa kuendesa ruzivo rwekugadzira yePCB kugadzirwa. Nenzira dzakawanda, Gerber yakafanana nePDFS mumagetsi; Ingori diki faira fomati yakanyorwa neyakasanganiswa muchina wekutonga mutauro. Aya mafaera anogadzirwa neyedunhu breaker software uye anotumirwa kumugadziri wePCB kune CAM software.
Kubatanidza zvakachengeteka masisitimu emagetsi mumotokari uye mamwe masisitimu akaomarara zvinopa zvakakosha kufunga kune ese ari maviri Hardware uye software. Mainjiniya anovavarira kudzikisira huwandu hwemagadzirirwo ekugadzirisa uye nguva yekusimudzira, iyo ine zvakakosha zvakakosha kune vagadziri vanoita mafambiro ebasa.