1 - Kushandisa nzira dzakasanganiswa
Mutemo mukuru ndewokuderedza kushandiswa kwemaitiro akasanganiswa egungano uye kumisa kune chaiwo mamiriro. Semuyenzaniso, mabhenefiti ekuisa imwe through-gomba (PTH) chikamu haambofi akabhadharwa nemutengo wakawedzerwa uye nguva inodiwa pakuungana. Pane kudaro, kushandisa akawanda maPTH zvikamu kana kuzvibvisa zvachose kubva mudhizaini zviri nani uye zvakanyanya kushanda. Kana tekinoroji yePTH ichidikanwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa zvese zvechikamu vias kune rimwe divi redunhu rakadhindwa, nokudaro kuderedza nguva inodiwa pakuungana.

2 - Chikamu saizi
Munguva yePCB dhizaini nhanho, zvakakosha kuti usarudze saizi chaiyo yepasuru yechinhu chimwe nechimwe. Kazhinji, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza diki pasuru kana uine chikonzero chakasimba; kana zvisina kudaro, enda kune imwe pasuru yakakura. Muchokwadi, vagadziri vemagetsi vanowanzo sarudza zvikamu zvine mapakeji madiki asingakodzeri, achigadzira matambudziko anogona kuitika panguva yegungano uye zvinogoneka kugadziridzwa kwedunhu. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuchinja kunodiwa, mune dzimwe nguva zvingava nyore kuunganidzazve bhodhi rose pane kubvisa uye kutengesa zvinhu zvinodiwa.

3 - Chikamu nzvimbo yakagarwa
Chikamu chetsoka ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha chekuunganidza. Naizvozvo, vagadziri vePCB vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti pasuru yega yega inogadzirwa nenzira kwayo zvichienderana nenzvimbo yepasi yakatsanangurwa mune yega yega yechikamu data sheet. Dambudziko guru rinokonzerwa netsoka dzisiridzo ndiko kuitika kweiyo inonzi "tombstone effect", inozivikanwawo seManhattan effect kana alligator effect. Dambudziko iri rinoitika apo chikamu chakabatanidzwa chinogamuchira kupisa kusina kuenzana panguva yekutengesa, zvichiita kuti chikamu chakabatanidzwa chinamire kuPCB kune rumwe rutivi chete pane zvose. Iyo tombstone phenomenon inonyanya kubata passive SMD zvikamu senge resistors, capacitors, uye inductors. Chikonzero chekuitika kwayo ndechekupisa kusina kufanana. Zvikonzero ndezvizvi:

Land pateni zviyero zvine chekuita nechikamu hazvina kururama Different amplitudes of tracks connected to the two pads of the component Very wide wide track width, acting as a heat sink.

4 - Kupatsanura pakati pezvikamu
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekutadza kwePCB inzvimbo isina kukwana pakati pezvikamu zvinotungamira mukupisa. Space chinhu chakakosha sosi, kunyanya kana iri nyaya yematunhu akaomarara ayo anofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya. Kuisa chikamu chimwe padyo zvakanyanya kune zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kugadzira marudzi akasiyana ematambudziko, kuomarara kwacho kungangoda shanduko kuPCB dhizaini kana kugadzira maitiro, kutambisa nguva uye kuwedzera mari.

Paunenge uchishandisa otomatiki kusangana nemichina yekuyedza, ita shuwa kuti chikamu chega chega chiri kure zvakakwana kubva kumakanika zvikamu, redunhu bhodhi edge, uye zvimwe zvese zvinoumba. Zvikamu zviri padhuze pamwe chete kana kutenderedzwa zvisizvo ndizvo zvinokonzeresa matambudziko panguva yekugadzira wave soldering. Semuenzaniso, kana chikamu chepamusoro chikatangira chikamu chehurefu chakaderera munzira inoteverwa nemasaisai, izvi zvinogona kugadzira "mumvuri" mhedzisiro inonetesa weld. Masekete akabatanidzwa akatenderedzwa perpendicular kune mumwe nemumwe achava nemhedzisiro yakafanana.

5 - Rondedzero yechikamu yakagadziridzwa
Bhiri rezvikamu (BOM) chinhu chakakosha muPCB dhizaini nematanho egungano. Muchokwadi, kana iyo BOM iine zvikanganiso kana zvisizvo, mugadziri anogona kumisa chikamu chegungano kudzamara nyaya idzi dzagadziriswa. Imwe nzira yekuona kuti BOM inogara yakarurama uye yazvino ndeyekuita ongororo yakakwana yeBOM pese apo PCB dhizaini inovandudzwa. Semuenzaniso, kana chikamu chitsva chakawedzerwa kupurojekiti yekutanga, unofanirwa kuona kuti BOM yakagadziridzwa uye inowirirana nekuisa iyo chaiyo chikamu nhamba, tsananguro, uye kukosha.

6 - Kushandiswa kwedatum points
Fiducial points, inozivikanwawo sefiducial marks, zvimiro zvemhangura zvakatenderedzwa zvinoshandiswa sezviratidzo pamichina yekuunganidza-nenzvimbo. Mafiducials anogonesa aya mashini otomatiki kuti aone kutariswa kwebhodhi uye kuunganidza nemazvo zvidiki zvidiki zvekukwira pamusoro senge Quad Flat Pack (QFP), Ball Grid Array (BGA) kana Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN).

Fiducials yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: epasi rose fiducial mamaki uye emuno fiducial mamaki. Global fiducial marks inoiswa kumacheto ePCB, zvichibvumira pick nekuisa michina kuti ione kutaridzika kwebhodhi mundege yeXY. Local fiducial marks akaiswa padyo nemakona esquare SMD components anoshandiswa nemuchina wekuisa kuti anyatso kumisa tsoka yechikamu, nekudaro kuderedza zvikanganiso zvekumisikidza panguva yegungano. Datum mapoinzi anoita basa rakakosha kana purojekiti iine zvinhu zvakawanda zviri padyo nemumwe. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza yakaunganidzwa Arduino Uno bhodhi ine maviri epasirese mareferenzi mapoinzi akaiswa mutsvuku.