Sezvo PCB saizi zvinodiwa zvichiva zvidiki uye zvidiki, mudziyo density zvinodiwa zvinova zvakakwirira nepamusoro, uye PCB dhizaini inowedzera kuoma. Maitiro ekuwana yakakwira PCB yekuronga mwero uye kupfupisa nguva yekugadzira, ipapo isu tichataura nezve hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hwePCB kuronga, marongerwo uye wiring.
Usati watanga wiring, dhizaini inofanira kunyatsoongororwa uye software yekushandisa inofanira kunyatsogadziriswa, iyo ichaita kuti chigadziro chienderane nezvinodiwa.
1. Sarudza nhamba yezvikamu zvePCB
Ukuru hwebhodhi redunhu uye nhamba yezvikamu zve wiring zvinoda kugadziriswa pakutanga kwekugadzira. Huwandu hwemitsara yewaya uye nzira yeStack-up ichakanganisa zvakananga wiring uye impedance yemitsara yakadhindwa.
Saizi yebhodhi inobatsira kuona iyo stacking nzira uye hupamhi hwemutsara wakadhindwa kuti uwane inodiwa dhizaini maitiro. Parizvino, mutsauko wemutengo pakati pemapuranga e-multi-layer idiki kwazvo, uye zviri nani kushandisa mamwe maseketi edunhu uye zvakaenzana kugovera mhangura pakugadzira.
2. Kugadzira mitemo nemiganhu
Kuti ubudirire kupedza basa rekuita wiring, zvishandiso zve wiring zvinoda kushanda pasi pemitemo yakarurama uye zvirambidzo. Kuisa mitsara yese yechiratidzo nezvinodiwa zvakakosha, kirasi yega yega yechiratidzo inofanirwa kuve nechekutanga. Iyo yakakwirira iyo yakakosha, iyo inoomesa mitemo.
Mitemo inosanganisira hupamhi hwemitsara yakadhindwa, huwandu hwepamusoro hwevias, parallelism, kupesvedzera pakati pemitsara yezviratidzo, uye zvirambidzo zvemutsetse. Iyi mitemo ine pesvedzero huru pakuita kweiyo wiring chishandiso. Kunyatsofunga nezvezvinodiwa zvekugadzira inhanho yakakosha yekubudirira wiring.
3. Kurongeka kwezvikamu
Mune iyo yakakwana yegungano maitiro, dhizaini yekugadzira (DFM) mitemo inodzora chikamu chechikamu. Kana dhipatimendi regungano richibvumira kuti zvikamu zvifambe, dunhu rinogona kugadziriswa zvakakodzera kuita otomatiki wiring nyore.
Mitemo yakatsanangurwa uye zvipingamupinyi zvichakanganisa dhizaini yekugadzira. Iyo otomatiki wiring chishandiso inongotarisa chiratidzo chimwe chete panguva. Nekugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zve wiring uye nekuisa mutsara wemutsara wechiratidzo, iyo wiring tool inogona kupedzisa wiring sezvakafungwa nemugadziri.
Semuenzaniso, kune marongerwo etambo yemagetsi:
①Mukurongeka kwePCB, dhizaini yekubvisa magetsi inofanirwa kugadzirwa padyo nemaseketi akakodzera, pane kuiswa muchikamu chemagetsi, zvikasadaro zvinokanganisa bypass mhedzisiro, uye pulsating ikozvino inoyerera patambo yemagetsi uye mutsara wepasi, zvichikonzera kukanganisa. ;
②Nekuda kwekutungamira kwemagetsi mukati medunhu, simba rinofanirwa kupihwa kubva padanho rekupedzisira kusvika padanho rakapfuura, uye iyo magetsi sefa capacitor yechikamu ichi inofanira kurongwa pedyo nedanho rekupedzisira;
③Kune dzimwe nzira huru dzazvino, sekudimbura kana kuyera ikozvino panguva yekugadzirisa uye kuyedza, mapundu aripo anofanirwa kurongwa pawaya dzakadhindwa panguva yekurongeka.
Mukuwedzera, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti magetsi anogadziriswa anofanirwa kurongeka pane imwe yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira panguva yekurongeka. Apo simba uye dunhu rinogovera rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, mune marongerwo, zvakakosha kuti udzivise yakavhenganiswa marongerwo eiyo yakagadzikana magetsi uye zvikamu zvedunhu kana kuita kuti magetsi uye dunhu rigovane pasi waya. Nemhaka yokuti rudzi urwu rwe wiring haruna nyore chete kubudisa kupindira, asiwo kutadza kubvisa mutoro panguva yekugadzirisa, chikamu chete chetambo dzakadhindwa chinogona kutemwa panguva iyoyo, nokudaro kukuvadza bhodhi rakadhindwa.
4. Fan-out design
Mune iyo fan-out dhizaini nhanho, pini yega yega yekumusoro gomo mudziyo unofanirwa kuve neinenge imwe chete kuburikidza, kuitira kuti kana zvimwe zvinongedzo zvichidikanwa, bhodhi redunhu rinogona kuita yemukati yekubatanidza, kuyedza pamhepo, uye dunhu reprocessing.
Kuti uwedzere kushanda kweiyo otomatiki nzira yekushandisa, yakakura kuburikidza nehukuru uye yakadhindwa mutsara inofanirwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye nguva yacho inoiswa ku50mil. Izvo zvinodikanwa kutora iyo via mhando iyo inowedzera huwandu hwenzira dze wiring. Mushure mekunyatsotarisisa uye kufanotaura, dhizaini yedunhu online bvunzo inogona kuitwa padanho rekutanga redhizaini uye yakazadzikiswa padanho rekupedzisira rekugadzira. Sarudza iyo kuburikidza ne fan-out mhando zvinoenderana neiyo wiring nzira uye redunhu online bvunzo. Simba uye pasi zvichakanganisawo wiring uye fan-out dhizaini.
5. Manual wiring uye kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvinokosha
Manual wiring inzira yakakosha yekudhindwa redunhu bhodhi dhizaini ikozvino uye mune ramangwana. Kushandisa manyorero wiring kunobatsira otomatiki wiring maturusi kupedzisa basa re wiring. Nekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa iyo yakasarudzwa network (net), nzira inogona kushandiswa kune otomatiki nzira inogona kuumbwa.
Makiyi masaini anotanga newaya, ingave pamaoko kana kusanganiswa ne otomatiki wiring maturusi. Mushure mekunge wiring yapera, iyo yakakodzera engineering uye tekinoroji vashandi vanozotarisa iyo chiratidzo wiring. Mushure mekunge kuongororwa kwapfuura, waya dzichagadziriswa, uye ipapo zviratidzo zvakasara zvichange zvichiitwa wired. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwe impedance muwaya yevhu, zvinounza zvakajairika impedance kupindira kudunhu.
Naizvozvo, usaite zvisina tsarukano kubatanidza chero mapoinzi ane grounding zviratidzo panguva wiring, izvo zvinogona kuburitsa zvinokuvadza coupling uye kukanganisa kushanda kwedunhu. Pamafaro epamusoro, inductance yewaya ichave yakawanda mirairo yehukuru yakakura kudarika kushorwa kwewaya pachayo. Panguva ino, kunyange kana chete diki yakakwira-frequency ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza newaya, imwe yakakwirira-frequency voltage inodonha ichaitika.
Naizvozvo, kune yakakwirira-frequency maseketi, iyo PCB marongero anofanirwa kurongeka seakabatana sezvinobvira uye waya dzakadhindwa dzinofanira kunge dziri pfupi sezvinobvira. Kune mutual inductance uye capacitance pakati petambo dzakadhindwa. Kana iyo frequency yekushanda yakakura, inokonzera kukanganisa kune zvimwe zvikamu, izvo zvinonzi parasitic coupling interference.
Nzira dzekudzivirira dzinogona kutorwa ndeidzi:
① Edza kupfupisa wiring yechiratidzo pakati pemazinga ese;
②Ronga mazinga ese emaseketi muhurongwa hwezviratidzo kudzivirira kuyambuka nhanho imwe neimwe yemitsara yechiratidzo;
③Waya dzemapanera maviri ari padhuze dzinofanirwa kunge dziri perpendicular kana kuyambuka, kwete kufambirana;
④ Kana mawaya echiratidzo achifanirwa kuiswa mukuenderana mubhodhi, waya idzi dzinofanirwa kupatsanurwa neimwe chinhambwe zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kana kupatsanurwa newaya dzepasi uye waya dzemagetsi kuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzivirira.
6. Wiring otomatiki
Nezve wiring yezviratidzo zvakakosha, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve kudzora mamwe ma parameter emagetsi panguva ye wiring, senge kuderedza distributed inductance, etc. Mushure mekunzwisisa kuti ndeapi mapeji ekuisa iyo otomatiki wiring chishandiso ine uye pesvedzero yekupinza parameters pa wiring, kunaka kweiyo wiring. otomatiki wiring inogona kuwanikwa kune imwe nhanho Guarantee. Mitemo yakajairika inofanirwa kushandiswa paunenge uchifambisa masaini otomatiki.
Nekuisa zvirambidzo mamiriro uye kurambidza wiring nzvimbo kudzikamisa akaturikidzana anoshandiswa neakapihwa chiratidzo uye nhamba yevias inoshandiswa, iyo wiring chishandiso inogona kungoita nzira waya maererano neanjiniya ekugadzira mazano. Mushure mekuisa zvipingamupinyi uye kushandisa iyo yakagadzirwa mitemo, iyo otomatiki routing ichawana mhedzisiro yakafanana neinotarirwa mhedzisiro. Mushure mokunge chikamu chekugadzirwa kwapera, chichagadziriswa kuti chirege kukanganiswa nemaitiro anotevera ekugadzirisa.
Nhamba ye wiring inobva pakuoma kwedunhu uye nhamba yemitemo yakawanda inotsanangurwa. Mazuva ano otomatiki wiring maturusi ane simba kwazvo uye anogona kazhinji kupedzisa 100% yewaya. Nekudaro, kana iyo otomatiki wiring chishandiso isati yapedza ese masaini wiring, zvinodikanwa kuendesa masaini masaini masaini.
7. Wiring kuronga
Kune mamwe masaini ane zvipingamupinyi zvishoma, kureba kwewaya kwakareba kwazvo. Panguva ino, iwe unogona kutanga waona kuti ndeipi wiring inonzwisisika uye iyo wiring isingakodzeri, uye wozogadzirisa nemaoko kupfupisa chiratidzo che wiring kureba uye kuderedza nhamba yevias.