Pano, iwo mana ekutanga maitiro eredhiyo frequency maseketi anozodudzirwa kubva kune mana maficha: redhiyo frequency interface, diki inodiwa chiratidzo, hombe yekukanganisa chiratidzo, uye yepedyo chiteshi kupindira, uye zvakakosha izvo zvinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya muPCB dhizaini inopihwa.
Radio frequency interface yeredhiyo frequency redhiyo simulation
Iyo isina waya inotumira uye inogamuchira yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: base frequency uye radio frequency. Iyo yakakosha frequency inosanganisira frequency renji yechiratidzo chekupinza cheiyo transmitter uye frequency renji yeinobuda chiratidzo cheanogamuchira. Iyo bandwidth yeiyo yakakosha frequency inotarisisa chiyero chakakosha icho data inogona kuyerera muhurongwa. Iyo base frequency inoshandiswa kunatsiridza kuvimbika kweiyo data rwizi uye kuderedza mutoro wakaiswa neanotapurirana pane yekutapurirana svikiro pasi peyero chaiyo yekufambisa data. Naizvozvo, yakawanda yechiratidzo chekugadzira engineering ruzivo inodiwa paunenge uchigadzira yakakosha frequency reketi paPCB. Iyo redhiyo frequency dunhu reiyo transmitter inogona kushandura uye kumusoro-kushandura iyo yakagadziriswa baseband siginecha kune yakasarudzwa chiteshi, uye jekiseni iyi siginecha mukati mekutapurirana svikiro. Kusiyana neizvi, redhiyo frequency redhisheni yeanogamuchira inogona kuwana chiratidzo kubva kune yekufambisa svikiro, uye kushandura uye kuderedza frequency kune base frequency.
Transmitter ine maviri makuru PCB dhizaini zvibodzwa: Chekutanga ndechekuti ivo vanofanirwa kufambisa rakati simba vachiri kushandisa simba shoma rinogoneka. Chechipiri ndechekuti havagone kupindira nekushanda kwakajairika kwema transceivers mumatanho ari pedyo. Nekuda kweanogamuchira, kune matatu makuru PCB ekugadzira zvinangwa: kutanga, ivo vanofanirwa kunyatso kudzorera zvikwangwani zvidiki; chechipiri, vanofanira kukwanisa kubvisa zviratidzo zvinokanganisa kunze kwegwara rinodiwa; uye chekupedzisira, semupepeti, ivo vanofanirwa kushandisa simba Idiki.
Chiratidzo chikuru chekupindira cheredhiyo frequency circuit simulation
Iye anogamuchira anofanirwa kuve akanyatso kutarisisa kune zvikwangwani zvidiki, kunyangwe paine masaini makuru ekukanganisa (zvipingamupinyi). Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoitika kana uchiedza kugashira chiratidzo chisina kusimba kana kureba, uye chinofambisa chine simba chiri pedyo chiri kutepfenyura muchiteshi chiri padyo. Chiratidzo chinopindira chinogona kunge chiri 60 kusvika 70 dB yakakura kudarika chiratidzo chinotarisirwa, uye chinogona kuvharwa muhuwandu panguva yechikamu chekugamuchira cheanogamuchira, kana mugamuchiri anogona kuunza ruzha rwakanyanya panguva yechikamu chekuisa kuvharidzira kugamuchirwa kwemasaini akajairwa. . Kana iyo inogamuchira inofambiswa munzvimbo isiri-mutsara neiyo yekukanganisa sosi panguva yekupinda nhanho, matambudziko maviri ari pamusoro achaitika. Kuti udzivise matambudziko aya, iyo yekumberi yekupedzisira yeanogamuchira inofanirwa kuve yakanyatso mutsara.
Naizvozvo, "mutsara" zvakare chinhu chakakosha kufunga muPCB dhizaini yeanogamuchira. Sezvo mugamuchiri ari narrowband circuit, iyo isina mutsara inoyerwa nekuyera "intermodulation distortion". Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa maviri sine mafungu kana mafungu ecosine ane mafambiro akafanana uye ari pakati pebhendi kutyaira chiratidzo chekuisa, uyezve kuyera chigadzirwa chekupindirana kwayo. Kazhinji kutaura, SPICE inguva-inopedza uye inodhura-yakanyanya simulation software, nekuti inofanirwa kuita akawanda loop macalculation kuti iwane inodiwa frequency resolution kuti inzwisise kukanganisa.
Diki inotarisirwa chiratidzo muRF yedunhu simulation
Iye anogamuchira anofanirwa kuve akangwarira kuti aone masaini madiki ekuisa. Kazhinji kutaura, simba rekupinza remugamuchiri rinogona kuita diki se1 μV. Kunzwa kweanogamuchira kunogumira neruzha rwunogadzirwa nedunhu rayo rekupinda. Naizvozvo, ruzha chinhu chakakosha kufunga muPCB dhizaini yeanogamuchira. Uyezve, kugona kufanotaura ruzha nematurusi ekuenzanisa kwakakosha. Mufananidzo 1 ndeye yakajairika superheterodyne inogamuchira. Chiratidzo chinogamuchirwa chinosefa kutanga, uye ipapo chiratidzo chekuisa chinowedzerwa neakadzika ruzha amplifier (LNA). Wobva washandisa yekutanga oscillator yemuno (LO) kusanganisa neichi chiratidzo kushandura chiratidzo ichi kuita frequency yepakati (IF). Kuita ruzha rwekumberi-kumagumo redunhu zvakanyanya kunoenderana neLNA, musanganiswa uye LO. Kunyangwe iyo yechinyakare SPICE ongororo yeruzha inogona kuwana ruzha rweLNA, hazvibatsiri kumusanganisi uye LO, nekuti ruzha rwuri mumabhuroko aya ruchakanganiswa zvakanyanya neiyo yakakura LO chiratidzo.
Chiratidzo chidiki chekupinza chinoda kuti mugamuchiri ave nehukuru hwekusimudzira basa, uye kazhinji inoda kuwana 120 dB. Nekuwana kwakakwira kwakadaro, chero chiratidzo chinosanganiswa kubva kune chinobuda chinodzokera kumagumo ekuisa chinogona kukonzera matambudziko. Chikonzero chakakosha chekushandisa iyo superheterodyne receiver architecture ndechekuti inogona kugovera iyo pfuma muma frequency akati wandei kuderedza mukana wekubatanidza. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti kuwanda kweiyo yekutanga LO kwakasiyana kubva kuhuwandu hwechiratidzo chekupinza, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira masaini makuru ekupindira kubva pa "kusvibiswa" kune madiki ekuisa masaini.
Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana, mune mamwe mawaya ekukurukurirana masisitimu, kutendeuka kwakananga kana homodyne architecture inogona kutsiva superheterodyne architecture. Mune iyi dhizaini, iyo RF yekuisa chiratidzo inoshandurwa yakananga kune yakakosha frequency mune imwe nhanho. Naizvozvo, yakawanda yekuwana iri mune yakakosha frequency, uye kuwanda kweLO uye chiratidzo chekuisa zvakafanana. Muchiitiko ichi, pesvedzero yediki diki yekubatanidza inofanirwa kunzwisiswa, uye yakadzama modhi ye "rasika chiratidzo nzira" inofanira kusimbiswa, senge: kubatanidza kuburikidza ne substrate, mapakeji mapini, uye bonding waya (Bondwire) pakati pe kubatanidza, uye kubatanidza kuburikidza netambo yemagetsi.
Yakatarisana nechiteshi kupindira mune redhiyo frequency seti simulation
Distortion inoitawo basa rakakosha mutransmitter. Iyo isiri-mutsara inogadzirwa nemushambadziri mune inobuda dunhu inogona kuparadzira bandwidth yechiratidzo chinofambiswa mumatanho ari pedyo. Ichi chiitiko chinonzi "spectral regrowth". Chiratidzo chisati chasvika kune transmitter's power amplifier (PA), bandwidth yayo ishoma; asi "intermodulation distortion" muPA ichaita kuti bandwidth iwedzere zvakare. Kana iyo bandwidth yakawedzera zvakanyanya, iyo transmitter haigone kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvesimba zvematanho ayo ari padyo. Kana uchitumira masaini akagadziridzwa masaini, kutaura zvazviri, SPICE haigone kushandiswa kufanotaura kumwe kukura kweiyo spectrum. Nekuti kutapurirana kweanosvika chiuru zviratidzo (chiratidzo) kunofanirwa kutevedzerwa kuti uwane mumiriri wemumiriri, uye mafungu ekutakura anotakura anofanirwa kusanganiswa, izvo zvichaita kuti SPICE ongororo yechinguvana isashande.