Kuvimbika chii?

Kuvimbika kunoreva "kuvimbwa" uye "kuvimbwa", uye zvinoreva kugona kwechigadzirwa kuita basa rakatarwa pasi pemamiriro akatarwa uye mukati menguva yakatarwa. Kune zvigadzirwa zvematerminal, iyo yakakwirira kuvimbika, inowedzera vimbiso yekushandisa.

Kuvimbika kwePCB kunoreva kugona kwe "bhare board" kusangana nemamiriro ekugadzirwa kweiyo inotevera PCBA gungano, uye pasi peimwe nzvimbo yekushanda uye mamiriro ekushanda, inogona kuchengetedza yakajairika kushanda kweimwe nguva yenguva.

Kuvimbika kunokura sei kuita kutariswa kwevanhu?

Mumakore ekuma1950, panguva yeHondo yeKorea, 50% yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zveU.S. United States yakaona kuti midziyo yemagetsi isingavimbike inokanganisa kufambira mberi kwehondo, uye avhareji yemari yegore negore yekugadzirisa inopeta kaviri mutengo wekutenga michina.

Muna 1949, iyo American Institute of Radio Engineers yakagadzira yekutanga kuvimbika nyanzvi yedzidzo sangano-Reliability Technology Group. Muna Zvita 1950, United States yakagadzira “Electronic Equipment Reliability Special Committee”. Mauto, makambani ekugadzira zvombo uye academia akatanga kupindira mukutsvaga kwekuvimbika. Pakasvika March 1952, yakanga yapa zvikarakadzo zvinosvika kure; mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa inofanira kushandiswa kutanga Mumuchadenga, mauto, zvemagetsi uye mamwe maindasitiri emauto, yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika kumaindasitiri evagari.

Muma1960, nekukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yemuchadenga, dhizaini yekuvimbika uye nzira dzekuyedza dzakagamuchirwa uye dzakashandiswa kune avionics masisitimu, uye kuvimbika kweinjiniya kwakakura nekukurumidza! Muna 1965, United States yakabudisa "System uye Equipment Reliability Outline Requirements". Kuvimbika kweinjiniya zviitiko zvakasanganiswa neyechinyakare dhizaini, kusimudzira, uye kugadzira kuti uwane mabhenefiti akanaka. ROHM Aviation Development Center yakagadzira nzvimbo yekuvimbika yekuongorora, inobata mukutsvagisa kwekuvimbika kwemagetsi uye emagetsi, mekiniki zvikamu uye zvemagetsi masisitimu ane chekuita nemidziyo yemagetsi, zvinosanganisira kufanotaura kwekuvimbika, kugovaniswa kwekuvimbika, kuyedzwa kwekuvimbika, fizikisi yekuvimbika, uye kuvimbika , nezvimwewo.

Pakati pemakore ekuma1970, dambudziko rekutenderera kwehupenyu hweUS Defence Weapon System raive rakakurumbira. Vanhu vakanyatsoona kuti kuvimbika engineering chinhu chakakosha kudzikisa mutengo wehupenyu. Mafekitari akavimbika akavandudzwazve, uye magadzirirwo akasimba, echokwadi, uye anobudirira zvikuru akatangwa. Uye nzira dzekuyedza dzakagamuchirwa, dzichifambisa kukurumidza kusimudzira kwekutadza kutsvagisa uye nzira dzekuongorora.

Kubva kuma1990s, kuvimbika kweinjiniya kwakagadzira kubva kumaindasitiri echiuto maindasitiri kuenda kuindasitiri yeruzivo rwemagetsi, zvekufambisa, sevhisi, simba uye mamwe maindasitiri, kubva kuhunyanzvi kuenda ku "indasitiri yakajairika". Iyo ISO9001 yemhando yepamusoro manejimendi sisitimu inosanganisira kuvimbika manejimendi sechikamu chakakosha chekuongorora, uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi zviyero zvine chekuita nekuvimbika zvakabatanidzwa mumagwaro ehutongi hwemhando yepamusoro, ikava "inofanira kuita" manejimendi clause.

Nhasi, kuvimbika manejimendi kwave kugamuchirwa zvakanyanya nemarudzi ese ehupenyu munharaunda, uye huzivi hwebhizinesi rekambani hwakachinja kubva kune yekare "Ndinoda kutarisisa kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa" kune yazvino "Ndinoda kutarisisa zvakanyanya kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa. ”!

Nei kuvimbika kuchinyanya kukosheswa?

Muna 1986, chitundumuseremusere cheUnited States “Challenger” chakaputika masekonzi makumi manomwe nematanhatu kubva chasimuka, ndokuuraya vazivi vemuchadenga vanomwe uye kurasikirwa nemadhora bhiriyoni 1,3. Chisakiso chetsaona chakanga chiri nemhaka yokukundikana kwechisimbiso!

Mumakore ekuma1990, United States UL yakabudisa gwaro rinotaura kuti maPCB anogadzirwa kuChina akakonzera moto wemidziyo yakawanda nemidziyo muUnited States. Chikonzero ndechekuti mafekitori ePCB ekuChina akashandisa mahwendefa asingadzore moto, asi aive akamakwa neUL.

Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzepamutemo, muripo wePCBA wekuvimbika kukundikana kunodarika 90% yemitengo yekutadza kwekunze!

Zvinoenderana nekuongorora kweGE, yekuenderera mberi kwekushandisa midziyo yakadai sesimba, chekufambisa, migodhi, kutaurirana, kutonga kwemaindasitiri, uye kurapwa, kunyangwe kuvimbika kuchiwedzerwa ne1%, mutengo unowedzerwa ne10%. PCBA ine kuvimbika kwakanyanya, mari yekuchengetedza uye kurasikirwa kwenguva inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye midziyo uye kuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu zvinovimbiswa zvakanyanya!

Nhasi, tichitarisa pasirese, makwikwi enyika nenyika ashanduka kuita makwikwi ebhizinesi-kune-mabhizinesi. Kuvimbika kweinjiniya ndicho chikumbaridzo chekuti makambani akudziridze makwikwi epasi rose, uye zvakare chombo chemashiripiti kuti makambani abude pachena mumusika unoramba uchityisa.