Kudiwa kwezvishandiso zvepamusoro-soro nekuwedzera kushanda kuri kuwedzera munharaunda inogara ichichinja yemagetsi. Iko kudiwa kweakadhindwa bhodhi redunhu (PCB) tekinoroji yakakonzera kufambira mberi kunocherechedzwa, kunyanya mudura repamusoro-frequency application. Iko kushandiswa kweakawanda-layer PCB dhizaini yave mhinduro yakakosha kuitira kugutsa zvikumbiro zvezvikumbiro izvi.

Kuuya kwe-multi-layer PCBs

Nhoroondo, mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa ainyanya kuratidzwa neayo imwechete kana maviri-layered dhizaini, izvo zvaiisa zvipingamupinyi pakukodzera kwavo kwepamusoro-frequency application nekuda kwekusaina kusaina uye kukanganiswa kwemagetsi (EMI). Zvakangodaro, kuunzwa kweakadhindwa-akawanda akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi kwakakonzera kufambira mberi kunocherechedzwa mukuperera kwechiratidzo, electromagnetic interference (EMI) kuderedza, uye kuita kwese.
Multi-layer printed circuit boards (PCBs) inosiyaniswa kubva kune imwe chete kana kaviri-layer mativi nekuvapo kwematatu kana anopfuura conductive layers ayo akapatsanurwa ne insulating zvinhu, zvinowanzozivikanwa se dielectric layers. Kubatana kwezvikamu izvi kunofambiswa ne vias, ari minuscule conductive passageways anofambisa kutaurirana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana. Iyo yakaoma dhizaini ye-multi-layer PCBs inogonesa kuwanda kwezvikamu uye kuomesesa kutenderera, zvichivapa zvakakosha kune-ye-the-art tekinoroji.
Multilayer PCBs anowanzo kuratidza yakakwira dhigirii yekuomarara nekuda kwedambudziko remukati rekuwana akawanda akaturikidzana mukati meinochinjika PCB chimiro. Kubatana kwemagetsi pakati pezvikamu zvinotangwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemhando dzinoverengeka dzevias, kusanganisira mapofu uye akavigwa vias.
Kugadziriswa kunosanganisira kuiswa kwezvikamu zviviri pamusoro pekuisa hukama pakati peakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB) uye nharaunda yekunze. Kazhinji, kuwanda kwezvikamu mumabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs) kwakaenzana. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekukanganisika kwenhamba dzisinganzwisisike kuzvinhu zvakaita se warping.
Huwandu hwemateya hunowanzo siyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwacho, kazhinji kuwira mukati mechikamu chezvikamu zvina kusvika gumi nezviviri.
Kazhinji, ruzhinji rwezvishandiso runoda mashoma mana uye anopfuura masere akaturikidzana. Kusiyana neizvi, mapurogiramu akadai sema smartphones anonyanya kushandisa zvikamu gumi nezviviri.

Main applications

Multi-layer PCBs anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi ekushandisa, kusanganisira:
● Consumer electronics, uko maPCB ane ma-multi-layer anoita basa rinokosha achipa simba rinodiwa uye zviratidzo kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa zvakadai sema smartphones, mahwendefa, mitambo yemitambo, uye zvigadzirwa zvinopfekwa. Iwo akapfava uye anotakurika zvemagetsi izvo isu tinovimba nazvo zuva nezuva zvinokonzerwa nekwavo compact dhizaini uye yakakwirira chikamu density.
● Muchikamu chezvekufambiswa kwemashoko, kushandiswa kwePCB dzakawanda-layer kunobatsira kutapurirana kwakanaka kwezwi, data, uye zviratidzo zvevhidhiyo pamanetiweki, nekudaro kuvimbisa kutaurirana kwakavimbika uye kunoshanda.
● Maindasitiri ekudzora masisitimu anonyanya kutsamira pane akawanda-layer akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi (PCBs) nekuda kwekugona kwavo kubata nemazvo kutonga kwakaomarara masisitimu, maitiro ekutarisa, uye otomatiki maitiro. Machine control panels, marobhoti, uye maindasitiri otomatiki vanotsamira pavari seyavo yakakosha sisitimu yekutsigira
●Multi-layer PCBs akakodzerawo kumidziyo yekurapa, sezvo yakakosha pakuona kurongeka, kuvimbika, uye kusimba. Midziyo yekuongorora, masisitimu ekutarisisa varwere, uye michina yekurapa inoponesa hupenyu inopesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nebasa rayo rakakosha.

Benefits uye zvakanakira

Multi-layer PCBs inopa akati wandei mabhenefiti uye mabhenefiti mune yakakwira-frequency application, kusanganisira:
● Kuvandudzwa kwechiratidzo chekutendeseka: Multi-layered PCBs inofambisa inodzorwa impedance routing, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo uye kuve nechokwadi chekutapurira kwakavimbika kwezviratidzo zvepamusoro-frequency. Iko kupindira kwechiratidzo chepasi kweakawanda-layer akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi anoguma nekuvandudzwa kwekuita, velocity, uye kuvimbika.
● Yakaderedzwa EMI: Nekushandisa yakatsaurirwa pasi uye ndege dzemagetsi, akawanda-akaturikidzana maPCB anonyatso kudzvanya EMI, nekudaro achiwedzera kuvimbika kwehurongwa uye kuderedza kukanganiswa nematunhu akavakidzana.
● Compact Design: Nekukwanisa kugadzirisa zvimwe zvikamu uye zvirongwa zvakaoma zvekufambisa, maPCB akawanda-layered anogonesa compact designs, yakakosha kune nzvimbo-inomanikidzirwa zvikumbiro zvakadai semafoni efoni uye aerospace systems.
● Improved Thermal Management: Multi-layered PCBs inopa kupisa kwakanyatsonaka kwekupisa kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwevhesi inopisa uye yakarongeka yakaiswa mhangura yemhangura, kusimbisa kuvimbika uye hupenyu hwezvikamu zvepamusoro-simba.
●Design Flexibility: Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zve-multi-layered PCBs zvinobvumira hukuru hwekugadzirisa kushanduka, zvichiita kuti mainjiniya akwanise kukwidziridza maitiro ekuita senge impedance matching, kunonoka kuparadzira chiratidzo, uye kugovera simba.

Zvakaipa

Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvakakosha zvine chekuita nemultilayer akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi mutengo wavo wakakwira zvichienzaniswa neamwechete uye maviri-layer PCB mumatanho ese ekugadzira maitiro. Mutengo wepamusoro unonyanyobatanidzwa nemidziyo yakakosha inodiwa pakugadzira kwavo.
Kugadzira kwacho kwakaomawo, sezvo kugadzirwa kwePCB dzakawanda kunoda nguva yakareba yekugadzira uye nzira dzekugadzira dzakanyatso enzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzePCB. Kugadzira Kuomarara: Kugadzirwa kweakawanda-akaturikidzana maPCB kunoda akaomesesa ekugadzira maitiro, anosanganisira akanyatso kurongeka, inodzorwa impedance routing, uye akaomesesa emhando yekudzora matanho, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwemitengo yekugadzira uye nguva refu yekutungamira.
Multilayer PCBs inoda pre-dhizaini uye, saka, mainjiniya ane hunyanzvi anodiwa pakukura kwayo. Kugadzirwa kwebhodhi rega rega kunoda nguva yakawanda, zvichiita kuti mari yevashandi iwedzere. Uyezve, zvinogona kukonzera nguva yakawedzerwa pakati pekuiswa kwekuraira uye kugamuchirwa kwechigadzirwa, izvo zvinogona kunetsa mune mamwe mamiriro.
Zvakadaro, izvi zvinonetsa hazvidzikisi kushanda kweakawanda akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi (PCBs). Kunyangwe multilayer PCBs achiwanzo kudhura kupfuura single-layer PCBs, ivo vanopa akawanda mabhenefiti achienzaniswa neiyi fomu reakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi.
Sezvo midziyo yemagetsi ichiramba ichidzikira muhukuru uye kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi, kutonga kwakanaka kwemafuta kunove kwakakosha muPCBs ane ma-multi-layered, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriso zvigadziriswe kudzikisira hotspots uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana. Pamusoro pezvo, kusimbisa kushanda kweakawanda-akaturikidzana PCB madhizaini kunoda akadzama nzira dzekuyedza, kusanganisira simulation, prototyping, uye kuyedza kutevedzera, kuve nechokwadi chekuteedzera indasitiri zviyero uye zvakatemwa.

Multilayer PCB dhizaini matipi

Paunenge uchigadzira akawanda-layer akadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB) yeakakwira-frequency application, akati wandei mazano anobatsira anowanzo batsira.
Kuti udzikise nyaya mu multilayer PCB dhizaini, iyo yekutanga nzvimbo yekusimbisa inotenderera yakatenderedza stackup. Paunenge uchiita mutongo nezve layer stackup, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinhu zvakaita sekushanda, kugadzira, uye kutumira.
Tanga nekugadzirisa zviyero zvebhodhi, sezvo izvi zvichizokanganisa zvisarudzo zvine chekuita nehumwe hunhu. Paunenge uchisarudza iyo yakakodzera bhodhi saizi, funga zvinotevera zvinhu:
● Nhamba yezvikamu zvinofanira kuiswa pabhodhi
●Kukura kwezvikamu izvi
●Pachaiswa bhodhi
● Mari inopihwa nemushandi wekugadzira nzvimbo, maburi, uye maburi
Kana huwandu hwematehwe hwasarudzwa, kusarudzwa kwevias, kungave mapofu, kuburikidza negomba, kuvigwa kana kuburikidza nepadhi kuchaitwa. Ichi chimiro chinokanganisa kugadzira kuoma, saka PCB mhando.
Mune multilayer PCB dhizaini chikamu, PCB dhizaini software chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro ekugadzira. Inobatsira vagadziri kugadzira chimiro chePCB's mechanical uye wiring connection kubva kune netlist, uye kuisa iyi yekubatanidza chimiro pane akawanda uye kugadzira mafaira ekugadzira anobatsirwa nekombuta. Iyi CAD yakakosha mukugadzira PCB. Pane akati wandei PCB dhizaini software sarudzo dzaunogona kushandisa kugadzira yako multilayer PCB. Nekudaro, mamwe mashoma anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe, kunyanya nekuda kwechimiro chavo chakareruka, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero.
DFM, ine chinangwa chekugadzira zvikamu zvechigadzirwa uye zvikamu zvinofambisa kugadzirwa, ichatariswawo. Chinangwa ndechekuwana zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro nemutengo wakaderedzwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinosanganisira kukwenenzvera, kusimudzira, uye kunatsa dhizaini yechigadzirwa. DFM inofanirwa kuitwa nenguva isati yatanga kugadzira. Zvakakosha kubatanidza vese vane chekuita muDFM. Kubatanidzwa kwevakawanda vanobatana, kusanganisira vagadziri, mainjiniya, vagadziri vekondirakiti, vatengesi vezvinhu, uye vanogadzira mold, kwakakosha. Nekuita kudaro, zvinokwanisika nyaya nekugadzira zvinogona kudzikiswa.

Manufacturability

Kugadzira akawanda-akaiswa maPCB e-high-frequency application anosanganisira akati wandei akakosha matanho:
● Dhizaini uye Magadzirirwo: Mainjiniya anoshandisa yakasarudzika PCB dhizaini software kugadzira marongero, tichifunga zvinhu zvakaita sechiratidzo chekuvimbika, kutungamira kwekupisa, uye EMI kuderedza.
● Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu: Zvinhu zvepamusoro-soro zvine dielectric yakaderera nguva dzose uye kurasikirwa tangent inosarudzwa kuderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kuchengetedza kushanda kwepamusoro-frequency.
● Layer Stackup Planning: The layer stackup yakanyatsorongedzerwa kuti ikwidzise masignal routing, impedance matching, uye thermal dissipation, tichifunga zvinhu zvakadai semasaini frequency, bhodhi ukobvu, uye mhangura ukobvu.
● Kugadzirwa uye Gungano: Nzira dzepamusoro dzekugadzira dzakadai sekuchera laser, sequential lamination, uye controlled impedance etching inoshandiswa kugadzira akawanda-layered PCBs nekururama uye kuvimbika.
● Kuedza uye Kuvimbiswa Kwehutano: Maitiro ekuedza kwakasimba, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwechiratidzo chekuvimbika, kuyerwa kwe impedance, kufungidzira kwekushisa, uye kuongororwa kweEMI, inoitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda, kuvimbika, uye kutevedza kwePCBs ane zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana nemaitiro emabhizimisi uye tsanangudzo.

Mhedziso

Iko kushanduka kweakawanda-layered PCB dhizaini yakasandura munda we-high-frequency electronics, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakaomarara ine mashandiro akawedzerwa, kuvimbika, uye kushanda. Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi mukutendeseka kwechiratidzo, kuomarara kwekugadzira, uye kutungamira kwekupisa, mabhenefiti ePCB ane mativi mazhinji anodarika matambudziko, achiita kuti ive yakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa kwepamusoro-soro, kusanganisira kufonera, aerospace, mota, uye zvemagetsi zvekurapa. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuenderera mberi mumidziyo, matekiniki ekugadzira, uye nzira dzekugadzira, akawanda-akaiswa maPCB akagadzirira kuenderera mberi nekutyaira hunyanzvi mune yakakwirira-frequency zvemagetsi kwemakore anotevera.