Copper coating chikamu chakakosha chePCB dhizaini. Kunyangwe iri yepamba PCB dhizaini software kana imwe yekunze Protel, PowerPCB inopa hungwaru copper coating basa, saka tingaisa sei mhangura?
Iyo inonzi kudira kwemhangura ndeye kushandisa nzvimbo isina kushandiswa paPCB senzvimbo yereferensi uye woizadza nemhangura yakasimba. Idzi nzvimbo dzemhangura dzinonziwo kuzara kwemhangura. Kukosha kwekuputira kwemhangura ndiko kuderedza kusagadzikana kwetambo yepasi uye kuvandudza kugona kwekudzivirira-kupindira; kuderedza kudonha kwemagetsi uye kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba remagetsi; kubatanidza netambo yepasi kunogonawo kuderedza loop area.
Kuti PCB ive isina kukanganiswa sezvinobvira panguva yekutengesa, vazhinji vanogadzira PCB vanodawo kuti vagadziri vePCB vazadze nzvimbo dzakavhurika dzePCB nemhangura kana grid-yakafanana newaya dzepasi. Kana chifukidzo chemhangura chikabatwa zvisina kunaka, kuwana hakuzokodzeri kurasikirwa. Iko kupfekedzwa kwemhangura "kwakawanda kune zvisingabatsiri" kana "kukuvadza kupfuura zvakanakira"?
Wese munhu anoziva kuti iyo yakagovaniswa capacitance yeakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi wiring ichashanda pakakwirira frequencies. Kana kureba kwakakura kupfuura 1/20 yeaya inowirirana yewavelength yeruzha frequency, antenna mhedzisiro ichaitika, uye ruzha ruchaburitswa kuburikidza newaya. Kana paine mhangura isina kudzika pasi yakadururwa muPCB, kudira kwemhangura kunova chishandiso chekuparadzira ruzha. Nokudaro, munharaunda yepamusoro-frequency, usafunga kuti tambo yepasi yakabatanidzwa pasi. Iyi ndiyo "ground wire" uye inofanira kunge iri pasi pe λ/20. Punja maburi mu wiring ku "pasi rakanaka" nendege yepasi yebhodhi re multilayer. Kana chifukidzo chemhangura chikabatwa zvakanaka, chifukidzo chemhangura hachina kungowedzera ikozvino, asiwo ine basa reviri rekudzivirira kupindira.
Pane kazhinji nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekupfekedza mhangura, dzinoti hombe-nzvimbo yekupfekedza mhangura uye grid copper. Inowanzobvunzwa kana yakakura-nzvimbo yemhangura yemhangura iri nani pane grid copper coating. Hazvina kunaka kuita generalize. sei? Yakakura-nzvimbo yemhangura yemhangura ine mabasa maviri ekuwedzera ikozvino uye kudzivirira. Nekudaro, kana yakakura-nzvimbo yemhangura yakashongedzwa yakashandiswa kuzunguza solder, bhodhi rinogona kusimudza uye kunyange mablister. Naizvozvo, kune yakakura-nzvimbo yekuputira yemhangura, migero yakati wandei inowanzovhurwa kuti isunungure kuputika kwefoiri yemhangura. Iyo yakachena mhangura-yakapfeka gridi inonyanya kushandiswa pakudzivirira, uye mhedzisiro yekuwedzera ikozvino inoderedzwa. Kubva pakuona kwekupisa kupisa, grid yakanaka (inoderedza kupisa kwepamusoro pemhangura) uye inotora rimwe basa mukudzivirira kwemagetsi. Asi zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti grid inoumbwa nematehwe munzira dzakadzika. Isu tinoziva kuti kudunhu, hupamhi hwekutsvagisa hunoenderana "kureba kwemagetsi" kweiyo inoshanda frequency yedunhu redunhu (iyo chaiyo saizi inopatsanurwa neiyo Dijitari frequency inoenderana nekushanda frequency inowanikwa, ona mabhuku ane hukama kuti uwane mamwe mashoko. ) Kana iyo frequency yekushanda isiri yakanyanya, mhedzisiro yemitsara yegridi inogona kunge isiri pachena. Kamwe urefu hwemagetsi hunoenderana nehuwandu hwekushanda, huchave hwakaipa kwazvo. Zvakaonekwa kuti dunhu rakanga risingashande zvakanaka zvachose, uye zviratidzo zvaikanganisa kushanda kwegadziriro yacho zvaifambiswa kwose kwose. Saka kune vaunoshanda navo vanoshandisa grids, zano rangu nderokusarudza zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda edhisheni rakagadzirwa redunhu, usanamatira kune chimwe chinhu. Nokudaro, mapeji e-high-frequency ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kune-multi-purpose grids for anti-interference, uye pasi-frequency circuits, matunhu ane mhepo huru, etc.inowanzoshandiswa uye yakazara mhangura.
Isu tinofanirwa kutarisisa kune zvinotevera nyaya kuti tiwane mhedzisiro inodiwa yekudururwa kwemhangura mukudururwa kwemhangura:
1. Kana PCB ine zvikonzero zvakawanda, zvakadai seSGND, AGND, GND, nezvimwewo, maererano nechinzvimbo chebhodhi rePCB, "pasi" guru rinofanira kushandiswa sechirevo chekuzvimiririra kudurura mhangura. Iyo yedhijitari pasi uye iyo analogi pasi yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune yemhangura inodururwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, pamberi pekudururwa kwemhangura, tanga kukora simba rinoenderana: 5.0V, 3.3V, nezvimwewo, nenzira iyi, mapolygoni akawanda emhando dzakasiyana anoumbwa chimiro.
2. Kune imwe-point yekubatanidza kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana, nzira ndeyekubatanidza kuburikidza ne0 ohm resistors, magnetic beads kana inductance;
3. Mhangura-yakapfeka pedyo nekristaro oscillator. Iyo crystal oscillator mudunhu ndeye yakakwira-frequency emission sosi. Iyo nzira ndeyekukomberedza crystal oscillator nemhangura-yakapfeka, uye ipapo pasi goko rekristaro oscillator zvakasiyana.
4. Dambudziko rechitsuwa (dead zone), kana iwe uchifunga kuti rakakura, haringadhuri zvakanyanya kutsanangura ivhu kuburikidza nekuwedzera.
5. Pakutanga kwetambo, tambo yepasi inofanira kubatwa zvakafanana. Kana wiring, tambo yepasi inofanira kufambiswa zvakanaka. Pini yepasi haigone kuwedzerwa nekuwedzera vias. Mhedzisiro iyi yakaipa kwazvo.
6. Zvakanakisisa kuti usava nemakona akapinza pabhodhi (<= 180 madhigirii), nokuti kubva pakuona kwemagetsi, izvi zvinoumba antenna inotumira! Pachave paine zvinokonzeresa kune dzimwe nzvimbo, ingave yakakura kana idiki. Ndinokurudzira kushandisa kumucheto kwearc.
7. Usadira mhangura munzvimbo yakavhurika yepakati peiyo multilayer board. Nekuti zvakakuomera iwe kugadzira mhangura iyi "ivhu rakanaka"
8. Iyo simbi mukati memidziyo, yakadai sesimbi radiators, simbi yekusimbisa mitsetse, nezvimwewo, inofanira kuva "yakanaka pasi".
9. Iyo inopisa kupisa simbi yesimbi yechitatu-terminal regulator inofanira kunge yakanyatsogadziriswa. Iyo yepasi yekuzviparadzanisa tambo padhuze nekristaro oscillator inofanirwa kuve yakadzika pasi. Muchidimbu: kana dambudziko rekugadzika kwemhangura paPCB rakagadziriswa, zvirokwazvo "pros inodarika zvisingabatsiri". Inogona kuderedza nzvimbo yekudzoka yemutsara wechiratidzo uye kuderedza chiratidzo chemagetsi kupindira kune kunze.