Yave nguva yekuti PCB bhodhi yekuongorora kuti iteerere kune mamwe mamiriro kuitira kuti uve wakagadzirira kuve nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa. Paunenge uchiongorora PCB mapuranga, tinofanira kuteerera zvinotevera 9 mazano.
1. Zvinorambidzwa zvachose kushandisa midziyo yekuedza yakadzika kubata TV mhenyu, odhiyo, vhidhiyo uye zvimwe midziyo yepasi ndiro kuyedza PCB board pasina yekuzviparadzanisa transformer.
Izvo zvinorambidzwa zvachose kuedza zvakananga TV, odhiyo, vhidhiyo uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvisina simba rekuzviparadzanisa neshanduro ine zviridzwa uye zvishandiso zvine magomba akaiswa pasi. Kunyangwe iyo general radio cassette rekodha ine simba rekushandura, paunosangana neakanyanya kukosha TV kana odhiyo mudziyo, kunyanya simba rekubuda kana chimiro chemagetsi anoshandiswa, unofanira kutanga waona kuti chassis yemuchina yakachajwa. , kana zvisina kudaro zviri nyore kwazvo The TV, odhiyo nemimwe michina inopomerwa neplate yepasi inokonzera pfupi pfupi yemagetsi, iyo inokanganisa dunhu rakabatanidzwa, zvichiita kuti kuwedzera kwechikanganiso kuwedzere.
2. Chenjerera kukushanda kwekudzivirira kwesimbi yesimbi paunenge uchiedza bhodhi rePCB
Hazvibvumirwi kushandisa simbi yakanyungudutswa kuti ishandiswe nesimba. Iva nechokwadi chokuti iron soldering haina kubhadharwa. Zviri nani kudzikisa goko resimbi yekusimbisa. Ngwarira zvakanyanya neMOS wedunhu. Izvo zvakachengeteka kushandisa yakaderera voltage yedunhu simbi ye6 ~ 8V.
3. Ziva misimboti yekushanda yemasekete akabatanidzwa uye masekete ane hukama usati waedza mabhodhi ePCB
Usati waongorora nekugadzirisa dunhu rakasanganiswa, unofanirwa kutanga waziva basa redunhu rakasanganiswa rinoshandiswa, dunhu remukati, maparamita makuru emagetsi, basa repini yega yega, uye yakajairika voltage yepini, waveform uye kushanda. musimboti wedunhu rinoumbwa nezvikamu zveperipheral. Kana mamiriro ari pamusoro apa akasangana, kuongorora uye kuongorora kuchava nyore nyore.
4. Usakonzerese mapfupi maseketi pakati pepini paunenge uchiyedza PCB
Pakuyera voltage kana kuyedza waveform ine oscilloscope probe, usakonzere kupfupika kwedunhu pakati pemapini edunhu rakasanganiswa nekuda kwekutsvedza kweiyo bvunzo inotungamira kana probes. Zvakanakisisa kuyera pane peripheral yakadhindwa dunhu rakabatana zvakananga nemapini. Chero chenguva pfupi dunhu rinogona kukuvadza zviri nyore dunhu rakabatanidzwa. Iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera paunenge uchiyedza flat-package CMOS yakabatanidzwa maseketi.
5. Kupikisa kwemukati kwePCB board test instrument inofanira kuva yakakura
Pakuyera DC voltage yeI IC pini, multimeter ine mukati mekudzivirira kwemamita musoro mukuru kudarika 20KΩ/V inofanira kushandiswa, kana zvisina kudaro pachava nekukanganisa kukuru kwekuyera kwemhepo yemamwe mapini.
6. Nyatsocherechedza kupisa kwekupisa kwemasimba akabatanidzwa emagetsi paunenge uchiedza mabhodhi ePCB
Simba rakasanganiswa redunhu rinofanira kubvisa kupisa zvakanaka, uye haribvumirwi kushanda pasi pesimba guru pasina kunyura kwekupisa.
7. Iyo inotungamira waya yePCB board inofanirwa kuve inonzwisisika
Kana iwe uchida kuwedzera ekunze zvikamu kutsiva chikamu chakakanganisika chedunhu rakabatanidzwa, zvidiki zvidiki zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa, uye wiring inofanira kuva inonzwisisika kudzivirira zvisingakoshi parasitic coupling, kunyanya kudzika pakati peiyo redhiyo simba amplifier integrated circuit uye preamplifier dunhu kupera. .
8. Tarisa bhodhi rePCB kuti uone kunaka kwewelding
Paunenge uchitengesa, solder yakasimba, uye kuunganidza solder uye pores zvinogona kukonzera kutengesa kwenhema nyore nyore. Nguva yekunyungudutsa kazhinji haipfuure masekonzi matatu, uye simba resimbi yekunyungudutsa rinofanira kunge riri 25W nekudziya kwemukati. Dunhu rakabatanidzwa rakatengeswa rinofanira kuongororwa zvakanyatsonaka. Zvakanakisisa kushandisa ohmmeter kuyera kana pane pfupi pfupi pakati pepini, simbisa kuti hapana solder adhesion, uye wozoshandura simba.
9. Usaona zviri nyore kukanganisa kwedunhu rakabatanidzwa paunenge uchiedza bhodhi rePCB
Usatonga kuti dunhu rakabatanidzwa rinokuvadzwa nyore nyore. Nekuti akawanda maseketi akabatanidzwa akabatana zvakananga, kana dunhu ringove risina kujairika, rinogona kukonzera shanduko yemagetsi akawanda, uye shanduko idzi hadzina kukonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwedunhu rakabatanidzwa. Uye zvakare, mune zvimwe zviitiko, iyo yakayerwa voltage yepini yega yega yakasiyana neyeyakajairwa Kana iyo yakakosha ichienderana kana iri padhuze, zvingasagara zvichireva kuti dunhu rakasanganiswa rakanaka. Nekuti zvimwe zvinyoro zvinyoro hazvikonzere shanduko muDC voltage.
PCB bhodhi debugging nzira
Nokuti itsva PCB bhodhi kuti ichangobva kutorwa shure, tinofanira kutanga zvakangoita kucherechedza kana pane matambudziko pabhodhi, akadai kana pane pachena makatsemuka, mapfupi matunhu, akazaruka matunhu, etc. Kana zvakakodzera, tarisa kana kuramba pakati magetsi uye pasi yakakura zvakakwana.
Kune ichangobva kugadzirwa redunhu bhodhi, debugging inowanzosangana nemamwe matambudziko, kunyanya kana bhodhi iri rakakura uye paine zvakawanda zvinoriumba, kazhinji hazvigoneke kutanga. Asi kana iwe ukagona seti yeane musoro nzira dzekugadzirisa, debugging inowana zvakapetwa kaviri mhedzisiro nehafu yekuedza.
PCB bhodhi debugging matanho
1. Kune itsva PCB board ichangobva kudzoserwa shure, tinofanira kutanga tanyatsoona kana paine matambudziko ari pabhodhi, sekuti pane akatsemuka akajeka, mapfupi maseketi, akavhurika maseketi, nezvimwe. Kana zvichidikanwa, tarisa kana kushorwa pakati pesimba rekupa uye pasi yakakura zvakakwana.
2. Zvadaro zvikamu zvinoiswa. Independent modules, kana iwe usina chokwadi chekuti inoshanda nemazvo, zviri nani kusaisa ese, asi kuisa chikamu nechikamu (kune madiki maseketi, unogona kuaisa ese kamwechete), kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuita. sarudza mhando yekukanganisa. Dzivisa kuva nedambudziko rekutanga paunosangana nematambudziko.
Kazhinji kutaura, unogona kuisa magetsi ekutanga, wozovheneka kuti utarise kuti magetsi ekubuda kwemagetsi akajairika. Kana iwe usina chivimbo chakawanda paunenge uchisimudza (kunyangwe uine chokwadi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uwedzere fuse, kana zvikaitika), funga kushandisa inogadziriswa inodzorwa magetsi emagetsi ane ikozvino inomisa basa.
Gadzirisa iyo overcurrent yekudzivirira ikozvino kutanga, wobva wawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kukosha kwevoltage yeyakagadziriswa magetsi, uye tarisa iyo yekupinda ikozvino, yekupinda voltage, uye inobuda voltage. Kana pasina kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro uye mamwe matambudziko panguva yekugadziriswa kwepamusoro, uye kubuda kwemagetsi kwasvika zvakajairika, magetsi emagetsi ari OK. Zvikasadaro, bvisa simba remagetsi, tsvaga pari kutadza, uye dzokorora nhanho dziri pamusoro kusvika magetsi akajairika.
3. Zvadaro, isa mamwe ma modules zvishoma nezvishoma. Pese painoiswa module, batidza uye uiedze. Paunenge uchibatidza, tevera matanho ari pamusoro apa kuti udzivise pamusoro-ikozvino zvichikonzerwa nekukanganisa kwekugadzira uye/kana kukanganisa kwekuisa uye kupisa zvinhu.
Nzira yekuwana yakashata PCB board
1. Tsvaga bhodhi rePCB rakashata nekuyera nzira yemagetsi
Chinhu chekutanga kusimbisa ndechekuti voltage yepini yega yega chip yemagetsi yakajairika, wobva watarisa kuti akasiyana mareferensi voltages akajairwa here, uye kuti magetsi ekushanda epoindi yega yega akajairwa here. Semuenzaniso, kana general silicon transistor ikabatidzwa, iyo BE junction voltage inenge 0.7V, nepo CE junction voltage ingangoita 0.3V kana pasi. Kana iyo BE junction voltage ye transistor yakakura kupfuura 0.7V (kunze kweakakosha transistors, akadai seDarlington, nezvimwewo), iyo BE junction inogona kuvhurika.
2. Signal jekiseni nzira kuwana kukanganisa PCB bhodhi
Wedzera iyo sosi yechiratidzo kune yekuisa terminal, wobva wayera waveform yeimwe neimwe poindi kuti uone kana zvakajairika kuwana chikanganiso. Dzimwe nguva isu tichashandisa nzira dzakareruka, dzakaita sekubata tweezers nemaoko edu, kubata zviteshi zvekupinza zvemazinga ese kuti tione kana iyo inobuda terminal inopindura, iyo inowanzo shandiswa mukuteerera, vhidhiyo uye mamwe maseketi amplifier (asi chenjera, kupisa. pasi Iyi nzira haigone kushandiswa kumatunhu ane high voltage kana high-voltage circuits, kana zvisina kudaro inogona kukonzera kushamiswa kwemagetsi). Kana pasina mhinduro kune imwe nhanho yapfuura, asi pane mhinduro kune inotevera nhanho, zvinoreva kuti dambudziko riri muchikamu chekare uye chinofanira kuongororwa.
3. Dzimwe nzira dzekutsvaga kukanganisa PCB mabhodhi
Kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzekutsvaga mapoinzi ekukanganisa, sekuona, kuteerera, kunhuwidza, kubata, nezvimwe.
"Kuona" ndiko kuona kana paine kukuvadza kuri pachena kwemuchina kune chikamu, sekuputika, kupisa, deformation, nezvimwe;
"Kuteerera" ndeyekuteerera kana ruzha rwekushanda rwakakwana, somuenzaniso, chimwe chinhu chisingafaniri kurira chiri kurira, nzvimbo inofanira kunge iri kurira kana kuti inzwi harina kufanana, nezvimwewo;
"Kunhuwa" ndiko kutarisa kana kune chero kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana, sekunhuhwirira kwekutsva, kunhuwa kwe capacitor electrolyte, nezvimwewo. Kune vane ruzivo rwemagetsi ekugadzirisa vashandi, ivo vanonyatsonzwa kunhuhwirira uku;
"Kubata" ndeyekuedza kana tembiricha yemudziyo yakajairika, semuenzaniso, kupisa zvakanyanya kana kutonhora zvakanyanya.
Mimwe midziyo yemagetsi inopisa kana ichishanda. Kana vakatonhora pakubata, zvinogona kutongwa kuti havasi kushanda. Asi kana nzvimbo isingafaniri kupisa ichipisa kana kuti inofanira kunge ichipisa zvakanyanya, hazvishande. General simba transistors, voltage regulator machipisi, nezvimwewo, kushanda pazasi 70 madhigirii zvakakwana. Chii chinonzi 70 madhigirii? Kana ukadzvanya ruoko rwako kumusoro, unogona kuribata kweanopfuura masekonzi matatu, zvinoreva kuti tembiricha iri pasi pe70 madhigirii (ona kuti unofanira kuibata uchiibata, uye usapise maoko ako).