Mugihe kimwe cyo gushushanya PCB, kimwe mubibazo byibanze kugirango usuzume ni ugushyira mubikorwa ibisabwa mubikorwa byumuzunguruko bikeneye umwanya windege, indege yubutaka hamwe nindege yumuzunguruko, ubunyangamugayo bwa EMI, EMI, EMI, ibisabwa nibindi bisabwa nibindi bisabwa.

Kubishushanyo byinshi, hari ibisabwa byinshi bivuguruzanya kubisabwa na PCB, igiciro cyintego, Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gukora, na sisitemu. Igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB mubisanzwe nicyemezo kibangamira nyuma yo gusuzuma ibintu bitandukanye. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa digitale na whisker imirongo ubusanzwe bagenewe hamwe nimbaho ​​nyinshi.

Hano hari amahame umunani igishushanyo mbonera:

1. Dkubira

Muri byinshi pcb, mubisanzwe hariho urwego rwibimenyetso (s), ingufu (p) indege hamwe nindege (gnd). Indege y'amashanyarazi n'indege y'ubutaka ubusanzwe ni indege zikomeye zidahuye zizatanga inzira nziza-zidasubizwa ku murongo ugarutse kurubuga rwegeranye.

Byinshi mubimenyetso biherereye hagati yiyi mbaraga cyangwa hasi yindege, gukora imirongo ya symmetric cyangwa ibihimbano. Hejuru kandi yo hepfo ya PCB nyinshi pcb mubisanzwe ikoreshwa mugushyira ibice hamwe nintwaro nkeya. Inshinga yibi bimenyetso ntigomba kuba ndende cyane kugirango igabanye imirasire itaziguye iterwa no kwisiga.

2. Menya indege imwe

Gukoresha ubushobozi bwo gutesha agaciro nicyiciro cyingenzi cyo gukemura ubusugire bwamashanyarazi. Gucunga ubushobozi birashobora gushyirwa hejuru no hepfo ya PCB. Inzira yo guha agaciro, abacuruzi bamazi, kandi hazabaho ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka zo guhamya, bisaba ko hashobora gutekereza ko inzira yo guha agaciro ikwiye, kandi insinga ihujwe n'icyogo nayo ikwiye. Kurugero, mumuzunguruko wihuta wa digitale, birashoboka gushyira imbaraga zo gutesha agaciro kuri PCB, shiraho urwego rwa 2 kugeza kumwanya wihuta, na layer 4 nkumuvuduko mwinshi wa digitale.

Mubyongeyeho, birakenewe kwemeza ko inzira y'ibimenyetso itwarwa nigikoresho kimwe cya kabiri cyihuta gifata urwego rumwe nkindege yeguye, kandi iyi myambarire ni urwego rwo gutanga imbaraga zikoreshwa ryihuta ryihuta rya digitale.

3. Menya indege nyinshi

Indege-ifite imbaraga nyinshi zizagabanywa mu turere twinshi dukomeye hamwe na voltage zitandukanye. Niba urwego rwikimenyetso rwegeranye murwego rwinshi, ibimenyetso byumwanya uri hafi hazahura ninzira idashimishije yo gusubirayo, izatera icyuho munzira yo kugaruka.

Kubimenyetso byihuta bya digitale, iki gishushanyo mbonera cyihuse gishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye, bityo birasabwa ko hari ibimenyetso byihuta bya digitale bigomba kuba kure yindege.

4.Menya indege nyinshi zo hasi

 Indege nyinshi zo hasi (indege zibiri) zirashobora gutanga inzira nziza-ntoya yo gusubiza, ishobora kugabanya ibintu bisanzwe-eml. Indege yo hasi hamwe nindege yamashanyarazi bigomba gukusanya cyane, kandi urwego rwikimenyetso rugomba guhuzwa cyane nindege yegeranye. Ibi birashobora kugerwaho mukugabanya ubunini bwumukoresha hagati yibanze.

5. Gushushanya inyoni ihuza neza

Ibice byombi bimaze kunyura munzira y'ibimenyetso byitwa "Guhuza inzara". Ibyiza byo kwinezeza bigamije kwirinda kugaruka kurubuga ruva mu ndege imwe igana mubindi, ariko ahubwo itemba kuva muburyo bumwe (isura) yindege imwe igana undi. Kugirango urangize inkwi zitoroshye, guhinduranya interlayer byerekana ko insinga byanze bikunze. Iyo ikimenyetso gihindukiye hagati yibanze, kugaruka kurubu bigomba kugengwa no gutemba neza kuva mu ndege imwe igana mubindi. Mu gishushanyo, birakwiriye gusuzuma ibice byegeranye nkikibazo.

Niba inzira yikimenyetso ikeneye kungereranya ibice byinshi, mubisanzwe ntabwo ari igishushanyo cyumvikana cyo kuyikoresha nkimikorere yingara, kuko inzira inyuramo ibice byinshi ntabwo ari ugusubiza kugarura imigezi. Nubwo amasoko ashobora kugabanuka ushyira imbaraga zo gutesha agaciro hafi yumwobo cyangwa kugabanya umubyimba hagati yindege, ntabwo ari igishushanyo cyiza.

6.Gushiraho Icyerekezo

Iyo icyerekezo cyinyo cyashyizwe kumurongo umwe wanditseho, kigomba kwemeza ko amabwiriza menshi yo kwisiga, kandi agomba kuba orthogonal kumategeko yinkingi ya ibimenyetso byegeranye. Kurugero, icyerekezo cyizuba cyikimenyetso kimwe gishobora gushyirwaho kuri "y-axis", kandi icyerekezo cyizuba cyindi kimenyetso cyerekezo gishobora gushyirwaho kuri "X-Axis".

7. ATegereza uburyo 

Irashobora kuboneka muri lamination ya pcb yateguwe ko igishushanyo mbonera cya kera ni urwego, aho kuba ibisanzwe, iki kintu giterwa nibintu bitandukanye.

Duhereye ku ikora ingamba zoherejwe ry'ibice byacapweli, dushobora kumenya ko urwego rwose ruyobora mu kigo cy'ibanze cyabitswe ku kibaho cyibanze, iyo ibikoresho byibanze bikozwe mu kibaho cyibanze, igihe cyo gukoresha neza urwego rw'umuzunguruko, ndetse

Ndetse igice cyacapwe imbaho ​​yumuzunguruko gifite ibyiza byatwaye ibyiza. Kubera kubura urwego rwitangazamakuru numuringa, ikiguzi cyibikoresho bidasanzwe bya PCB biri munsi gato kurenza ikiguzi cya no mu ntera ya PCB. Nyamara, igiciro cyo gutunganya PCB kidasanzwe kirenze iy'iy'abana na PCB idakeneye kongeramo uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y'ibanze bushingiye ku miterere y'ibanze. Ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwibanze, ongeraho ibikoko byumuringa hanze yumwanya wibanze bizaganisha kumusaruro wo gukora neza kandi birebire. Mbere yo gusohoza, urwego rwibanze rusaba gutunganya izindi, zongera ibyago byo gushushanya no gucuranganya urwego rwo hanze. Kwiyongera kwiyongereye hanze bizagenda byongera cyane ibiciro byo gukora.

Iyo ibice byimbere nibisohoka byinama yumuriro byacapwe bikonje nyuma yuburyo bwo guhuza amazu menshi, amakimbirane atandukanye azatanga impamyabumenyi itandukanye yo kunama ku kibaho cyacapwe kivuga ku kibaho cyacapwe. Kandi uko ubunini bw'Inama y'Ubutegetsi bwiyongera, ibyago byo kunama ibidukikije byacapwe hamwe ninzego ebyiri zitandukanye. Ikibaho kidasanzwe kidasanzwe cyoroshye kunama, mugihe na-layer yacapwe imbaho ​​yumuzunguruko irashobora kwirinda kunyerera.

Niba akanama gacapwa kari kangiwe hamwe numubare udasanzwe wamashanyarazi hamwe numubare wibimenyetso byinshi, uburyo bwo kongeramo imirimo imbaraga birashobora kwemezwa. Ubundi buryo bworoshye ni ukukongeramo urwego ruri hagati yigitereko udahinduye indi miterere. Ni ukuvuga, PCB yatsinzwe mumibare idasanzwe yibanze, hanyuma urwego rwibintu rwigishijwe hagati.

8.  Gutekereza

Kubijyanye nigiciro cyo gukora, imbaho ​​nyinshi zumuzunguruko rwose zirahenze kuruta imbaho ​​imwe na kabiri zumuzunguruko hamwe nigice kimwe cya PCB, nibindi byinshi, bikiguzi. Ariko, mugihe usuzumye ibikorwa byumuzunguruko hamwe nubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko bundi, eml, EML, EMC nibindi bipimo ngenderwaho, imbaho ​​nyinshi zigomba gukoreshwa mubihe bishoboka. Muri rusange, itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yimbaho ​​zizunguruka hamwe nububiko bumwe na bumbehe hamwe nimbaho ​​yumuzunguruko bibiri ntabwo biruta cyane