Mugihe utegura PCB, kimwe mubibazo byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma ni ugushyira mubikorwa ibisabwa mumikorere yumuzunguruko ukenera uburyo umurongo wiring, indege yubutaka nindege yamashanyarazi, hamwe nicyapa cyumuzingi cyanditseho insinga, indege yubutaka nimbaraga kugena indege umubare wibice n'imikorere yumuzunguruko, uburinganire bwibimenyetso, EMI, EMC, ibiciro byo gukora nibindi bisabwa.

Kubishushanyo mbonera byinshi, haribisabwa byinshi bivuguruzanya kubisabwa PCB isabwa, igiciro cyagenwe, tekinoroji yo gukora, hamwe na sisitemu igoye. Igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB mubisanzwe ni icyemezo cyo kumvikana nyuma yo gusuzuma ibintu bitandukanye. Umuvuduko wihuse wa digitale hamwe na whisker umuzunguruko mubisanzwe bikozwe hamwe nimbaho ​​nyinshi.

Hano hari amahame umunani yo gushushanya:

1. Delamination

Muri PCB igizwe n'abantu benshi, mubisanzwe hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso (S), amashanyarazi (P) indege hamwe nindege (GND). Indege yamashanyarazi nindege ya GROUND mubisanzwe ni indege zikomeye zitagabanijwe zizatanga inzira nziza yo kugabanuka kugaruka kumuyoboro wibimenyetso byegeranye.

Ibyinshi mubyapa byerekana biri hagati yaya masoko yingufu cyangwa indege yerekana indege, ikora imirongo ihuriweho cyangwa idasanzwe. Hejuru no hepfo ibice bya PCB isanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gushyira ibice hamwe na wiring nkeya. Gukoresha ibyo bimenyetso ntibigomba kuba birebire cyane kugirango bigabanye imirasire itaziguye iterwa no gukoresha insinga.

2. Menya indege imwe yerekana ingufu

Gukoresha ubushobozi bwa decoupling capacator nigipimo cyingenzi kugirango gikemure amashanyarazi. Gukuramo ubushobozi bushobora gushirwa gusa hejuru no hepfo ya PCB. Imiyoboro ya decoupling capacitor, paderi yagurishijwe, hamwe nu mwobo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka zo gukuramo ubushobozi, bisaba igishushanyo kigomba gutekereza ko inzira ya decoupling capacitor igomba kuba ngufi kandi yagutse bishoboka, kandi insinga ihujwe nu mwobo igomba nanone mugufi. Kurugero, mumashanyarazi yihuta yihuta ya digitale, birashoboka gushyira capacitor ya decoupling kumurongo wo hejuru wa PCB, kugenera layer 2 kumurongo wihuta wa digitale yihuta (nka processor) nkurwego rwamashanyarazi, layer 3 nkibimenyetso byerekana, na layer 4 nkumuvuduko wihuse wa sisitemu yumuzingi.

Byongeye kandi, birakenewe kwemeza ko inzira yerekana ibimenyetso itwarwa nigikoresho kimwe cyihuta cya digitale ifata urwego rwingufu zingana nindege yerekanwe, kandi iyi mashanyarazi nigice cyo gutanga amashanyarazi yibikoresho byihuta byihuta.

3. Menya indege ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi

Indege ifite ingufu nyinshi izagabanywamo uturere twinshi hamwe na voltage zitandukanye. Niba ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso byegeranye nimbaraga nyinshi, ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso kumurongo wegereye ibimenyetso bizahura inzira yo kugaruka idashimishije, bizaganisha ku cyuho munzira yo kugaruka.

Kubimenyetso byihuta byihuta bya digitale, iyi nzira yo kugaruka idafite ishingiro irashobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye, birasabwa rero ko insinga yihuta ya signal yihuta igomba kuba kure yindege nyinshi.

4.Menya indege nyinshi zubutaka

 Indege nyinshi zerekana indege (indege zindege) zirashobora gutanga inzira nziza-y-impedance igaruka inzira, ishobora kugabanya uburyo-busanzwe EMl. Indege yubutaka nindege yingufu bigomba guhuzwa cyane, kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bigomba guhuzwa cyane nindege yegeranye. Ibi birashobora kugerwaho mugabanya ubunini bwikigereranyo hagati yinzego.

5. Shushanya insinga zifatika neza

Ibice byombi bizengurutswe n'inzira yerekana ibimenyetso byitwa "guhuza insinga". Uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza insinga bwateguwe kugirango wirinde kugaruka gutembera kuva mu ndege yerekeza ku yindi, ariko aho guturuka kuva ku kintu kimwe (isura) cy'indege imwe yerekeza ku kindi. Kugirango urangize insinga zigoye, guhinduranya interlayer byanze bikunze. Iyo ikimenyetso gihinduwe hagati yurwego, ibyagarutse bigomba kwemezwa ko bigenda neza kuva indege imwe yerekeza mubindi. Mu gishushanyo, birakwiriye gufata ibice byegeranye nkumugozi.

Niba inzira yikimenyetso ikeneye kuzenguruka ibice byinshi, mubisanzwe ntabwo ari igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuyikoresha nkumugozi woguhuza, kuko inzira inyura mubice byinshi ntabwo iba yorohewe yo kugaruka. Nubwo isoko ishobora kugabanuka ushyira capacitor ya decoupling hafi yu mwobo cyangwa kugabanya ubunini bwikigereranyo hagati yindege yerekanwe, ntabwo ari igishushanyo cyiza.

6.Gushiraho icyerekezo

Iyo icyerekezo cyicyerekezo gishyizwe kumurongo umwe wibimenyetso, bigomba kwemeza ko ibyerekezo byinshi byoguhuza, kandi bigomba kuba byerekeranye nicyerekezo cyerekezo cyibimenyetso byegeranye. Kurugero, icyerekezo cyicyerekezo cyikimenyetso kimwe gishobora gushyirwaho icyerekezo "Y-axis", naho icyerekezo cyicyerekezo cyikindi kimenyetso cyegeranye gishobora gushyirwaho icyerekezo "X-axis".

7. A.Dopted the even layer structure 

Birashobora kuboneka uhereye kumurongo wateguwe wa PCB ko igishushanyo mbonera cya lamination hafi ya byose ndetse no mubice, aho kuba ibice bidasanzwe, ibi bintu biterwa nibintu bitandukanye.

Duhereye kubikorwa byo gukora byacapwe byumuzunguruko, dushobora kumenya ko ibice byose byayobora mukibaho cyumuzunguruko wabitswe kumurongo wibanze, ibikoresho byurwego rwibanze muri rusange ni impande zombi zambarwa, iyo hakoreshejwe byuzuye byibanze , icyerekezo cyayobora cyacapwe cyumuzunguruko ni ndetse

Ndetse ibice byacapwe byumuzunguruko bifite ibyiza byigiciro. Kubera kutagira urwego rwitangazamakuru hamwe no gufunga umuringa, igiciro cyibintu bidasanzwe-byanditseho ibikoresho fatizo bya PCB biri munsi gato yikiguzi cyibice bya PCB. Nyamara, ikiguzi cyo gutunganya ODd-layer PCB biragaragara ko kiri hejuru kurenza icya mbere PCB kuko ODd-layer PCB ikeneye kongeramo uburyo butemewe bwa laminated core layer ihuza hashingiwe kubikorwa byububiko. Ugereranije nuburyo rusange bwibanze bwubaka, kongeramo umuringa wambitswe hanze yububiko bwibanze bizaganisha ku musaruro muke no kongera umusaruro. Mbere yo kumurika, urwego rwibanze rusaba gutunganyirizwa hamwe, byongera ibyago byo gushushanya no kudahuza urwego rwinyuma. Kwiyongera kubikorwa byo hanze bizongera cyane ibiciro byinganda.

Iyo ibice byimbere ninyuma byicapiro ryumuzunguruko byacapishijwe nyuma yo guhuza imirongo myinshi yumuzunguruko, impagarara zitandukanye zo kumurika zizatanga impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zo kugunama ku kibaho cyacapwe. Kandi uko ubunini bwikibaho bwiyongera, ibyago byo kunama ikomatanyirizo ryacapwe ryumuzingi hamwe nuburyo bubiri butandukanye biriyongera. Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko wa Odd-cyoroshe kugorama, mugihe ndetse -cyapa cyacapwe cyumuzunguruko gishobora kwirinda kunama.

Niba icapiro ryumuzingo ryacapishijwe ryakozwe numubare udasanzwe wumurongo wumurongo ndetse numubare wibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, uburyo bwo kongeramo ingufu burashobora gukoreshwa. Ubundi buryo bworoshye nukwongeramo igorofa hagati ya stack udahinduye izindi Igenamiterere. Nukuvuga ko PCB yashizwemo numubare udasanzwe wibice, hanyuma igorofa igakoporora hagati.

8.  Kuzirikana ibiciro

Kubijyanye nigiciro cyo gukora, imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko nyinshi zirazimvye rwose kuruta ikibaho kimwe cyikubye kabiri cyumuzunguruko hamwe na PCB imwe, kandi ibyiciro byinshi, nigiciro kinini. Ariko, mugihe usuzumye ishyirwa mubikorwa ryimikorere yumuzunguruko hamwe na miniaturizasi yumuzunguruko, kugirango ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso, EMl, EMC nibindi bipimo byerekana imikorere, imbaho ​​zumuzingi zigomba gukoreshwa uko bishoboka kose. Muri rusange, ikinyuranyo cyibiciro hagati yimirongo myinshi yumuzunguruko nu murongo umwe hamwe nu byiciro bibiri byumuzunguruko ntabwo biri hejuru cyane nkuko byari byitezwe