Muburyo bwo kwiga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, akenshi tumenya icyapa cyumuzingo cyacapwe (PCB) hamwe numuzunguruko (IC), abantu benshi "barumiwe" kubijyanye nibi bitekerezo byombi. Mubyukuri, ntabwo aribyo bigoye, uyumunsi tuzasobanura itandukaniro riri hagati ya PCB numuzunguruko.
PCB ni iki?
Ikigo cyandika cyumuzunguruko, kizwi kandi ku izina rya Printed Circuit Board mu Gishinwa, ni igice cyingenzi cya elegitoronike, urwego rushyigikira ibikoresho bya elegitoronike hamwe n’itwara ryo guhuza amashanyarazi ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kuberako ikozwe nicapiro rya elegitoronike, ryitwa "icapiro" ryumuzunguruko.
Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko, kigizwe ahanini numurongo na Surface (Pattern), Dielectric layer (Dielectric), umwobo (Binyuze mu mwobo / unyuze), irinde gusudira wino (Solder resistance / Solder Mask), icapiro rya ecran (Legend / Marking / Silk ecran ), Kuvura Ubuso, Kurangiza Ubuso), nibindi.
Ibyiza bya PCB: ubucucike buri hejuru, kwizerwa cyane, gushushanya, kubyara umusaruro, ubuhamya, guterana, kubungabunga.
Umuzunguruko uhuriweho ni iki?
Inzira ihuriweho ni igikoresho gito cya elegitoroniki cyangwa igice. Ukoresheje inzira runaka, ibice hamwe no guhuza imiyoboro nka tristoriste, résistoriste, capacator na inductors zisabwa mumuzunguruko bikozwe mugice gito cyangwa uduce duto duto twa chip ya semiconductor chip cyangwa dielectric substrate hanyuma bigashyirwa mubikonoshwa kugirango bibe microstructure hamwe nibikorwa bisabwa byumuzunguruko. Ibigize byose byahujwe muburyo, bituma ibikoresho bya elegitoronike intambwe nini iganisha kuri miniaturizasiya, gukoresha ingufu nke, ubwenge, no kwizerwa cyane. Ihagarariwe ninyuguti “IC” mukuzunguruka.
Ukurikije imikorere n'imiterere yumuzunguruko uhuriweho, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bigereranywa byuzuzanya, ibizunguruka bya digitale hamwe na digitale / analog ivanze yumuzunguruko.
Inzira zuzuzanya zifite ibyiza byubunini buto, bworoshye, insinga nkeya, hamwe na welding, ubuzima burebure, kwizerwa cyane, imikorere myiza, nibindi.
Isano iri hagati ya PCB nu muzunguruko.
Inzira zuzuzanya zisanzwe zitwa chip guhuza, nkibibaho kuri chip ya ruguru ya ruguru, CPU imbere, byitwa guhuza umuzenguruko, izina ryumwimerere naryo ryitwa guhuza. Kandi PCB ninama yumuzunguruko dusanzwe tuyizi kandi icapishwa kumuzunguruko wo gusudira.
Inzira ihuriweho (IC) isudira ku kibaho cya PCB. Ikibaho cya PCB nicyo gitwara uruziga rwuzuye (IC).
Mumagambo yoroshye, umuzenguruko uhuriweho numuzunguruko rusange winjiye muri chip, yose hamwe. Iyo bimaze kwangirika imbere, chip izaba yangiritse. PCB irashobora gusudira ibice byonyine, kandi ibice birashobora gusimburwa iyo byacitse.