1.Kwambika umuringa
Ibyo bita umuringa, ni umwanya wubusa ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko nka datum, hanyuma ukuzuzwa umuringa ukomeye, utwo turere twumuringa tuzwi kandi nko kuzuza umuringa.
Akamaro ko gutwikira umuringa ni: kugabanya inzitizi zubutaka, kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya; Kugabanya umuvuduko wa voltage, kunoza imikorere yingufu; Ihujwe ninsinga zubutaka, irashobora kandi kugabanya ubuso bwumuzingi.
Mu ntumbero yo gukora gusudira PCB nka deformasiyo ishoboka, abakora PCB benshi bazakenera kandi abashushanya PCB kuzuza ahantu hafunguye PCB hakoreshejwe insinga z'umuringa cyangwa gride. Niba umuringa udafashwe neza, bizaba birenze igihombo. Niba umuringa “ari mwiza kuruta ibibi” cyangwa “mubi kuruta ibyiza”? Nkuko twese tubizi, mugihe cyumuvuduko mwinshi, gukwirakwiza ubushobozi bwinsinga kumurongo wacapwe bizakora. Iyo uburebure burenze 1/20 cyuburebure bwumurongo uhuye nurusaku rwurusaku, ingaruka za antenna zizabyara, kandi urusaku ruzasohoka hanze binyuze mumashanyarazi. Niba muri PCB hari umuringa udafite ishingiro, PCB, umuringa uzaba igikoresho cyo gukwirakwiza urusaku.
Kubwibyo, mumuzunguruko mwinshi, ntutekereze ko ubutaka ahantu runaka, iyi ari "insinga yubutaka", igomba kuba munsi yumwanya wa λ / 20, mu nsinga zinyuze mu mwobo, nindege yubutaka bwa benshi "hasi neza ”. Niba umuringa ufashwe neza, umuringa ntiwongera gusa umuyaga, ahubwo unagira uruhare runini rwo gukingira intambamyi. Kubwibyo, mumuzunguruko mwinshi, ntutekereze ko ubutaka ahantu runaka, iyi ari "insinga yubutaka", igomba kuba munsi yumwanya wa λ / 20, mu nsinga zinyuze mu mwobo, nindege yubutaka bwa benshi "hasi neza ”. Niba umuringa ufashwe neza, umuringa ntiwongera gusa umuyaga, ahubwo unagira uruhare runini rwo gukingira intambamyi.
2.Uburyo bubiri bwo gutwikira umuringa
Muri rusange hari uburyo bubiri bwibanze bwo gupfuka umuringa, ni ukuvuga ahantu hanini h'umuringa na gride y'umuringa, akenshi birasabwa ko ubuso bunini bw'umuringa cyangwa umuringa wa gride ari byiza, ntabwo ari byiza kubishyira muri rusange.
Kubera iki? Umwanya munini wo gutwikira umuringa, hamwe no kongera icyerekezo no gukingira inshuro ebyiri, ariko ahantu hanini h'umuringa, niba kugurisha umuraba, ikibaho gishobora kugorama, cyangwa ndetse kikaba kinini. Kubwibyo, ahantu hanini h'umuringa haratwikiriwe, kandi ahantu henshi harakingurwa kugirango hagabanuke ifuro ry'umuringa.
Imiyoboro yoroshye itwikiriwe n'umuringa ahanini ikingira ingaruka, uruhare rwo kongera amashanyarazi iragabanuka, duhereye ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, gride ifite ibyiza (igabanya ubushuhe bw'umuringa) kandi igira uruhare runini rwo gukingira amashanyarazi. Cyane cyane kumurongo wo gukoraho, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira: Birakenewe kwerekana ko gride igizwe n'imirongo itangaje. Turabizi ko kumuzunguruko, ubugari bwimirongo bufite "uburebure bwamashanyarazi" bujyanye numurongo wakazi wibibaho byumuzunguruko (ingano nyayo irashobora kugabanywa numurongo wa digitale uhuye numurongo wakazi, reba ibitabo bijyanye kugirango ubone ibisobanuro) .
Iyo inshuro yo gukora itari hejuru cyane, birashoboka ko imirongo ya gride idafite akamaro kanini, kandi iyo uburebure bwamashanyarazi bumaze guhuza numurongo ukora, nibibi cyane, kandi ugasanga umuzenguruko udakora neza na gato, kandi hariho ibimenyetso ahantu hose. bibangamira sisitemu.
Icyifuzo nuguhitamo ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzunguruko, ntabwo gufata ku kintu. Kubwibyo, imirongo myinshi yumuzingi irwanya kwivanga kubisabwa byinshi-bigizwe na gride, umuyoboro muke muto hamwe numuzunguruko munini hamwe nibindi bisanzwe bikoreshwa mumuringa wuzuye.