Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko (PCB) Wiring kigira uruhare runini mumitsi yihuta cyane, ariko akenshi nimwe muntambwe yanyuma mubikorwa byumuzunguruko. Hariho ibibazo byinshi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi PCB, kandi ibitabo byinshi byanditswe kuriyi ngingo. Iyi ngingo iganira ahanini nintwaro yihuta yihuta kubitekerezo bifatika. Intego nyamukuru ni ugufasha abakoresha bashya kwitondera ibibazo byinshi bitandukanye bigomba gusuzumwa mugihe ashushanya imisozi yihuta ya PCB. Indi ntego ni ugutanga ibikoresho byo gusuzuma kubakiriya bitakoze ku muranga wa PCB igihe gito. Bitewe nuburyo buke, iyi ngingo ntishobora kuganira kubibazo byose birambuye, ariko tuzaganira kubice byingenzi bifite ingaruka zikomeye mugugabanya imikorere yumuzunguruko, kugabanya igihe cyo gushushanya, no kuzigama igihe cyo gushushanya.

Nubwo kwibanda cyane hano ari ku nkombe zijyanye na amplifiers yihuta, ibibazo byaganiriweho hano muri rusange bikoreshwa kugirango ubone imigezi myinshi ya analog. Mugihe amplifier ikora muri radiyo ndende cyane (RF) itsinda ryinshi, imikorere yumuzenguruko ahanini biterwa na pcb imiterere ya PCB. Ibishushanyo mbonera byimikorere bisa neza ku "Gushushanya" birashobora kubona gusa imikorere isanzwe iyo bigira ingaruka kubutagira uburangare mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitonda mugihe cyo kwitoto. Mbere yo gutekereza no kwitabwaho amakuru yingenzi muburyo bwo kwinezeza buzafasha kwemeza imikorere yumuriro.

Igishushanyo

Nubwo igishushanyo cyiza kidashobora kwemeza inkenga nziza, insinga nziza itangirana na pchematike nziza. Tekereza witonze mugihe ushushanya igishushanyo, kandi ugomba gusuzuma ibimenyetso byumuzunguruko wose. Niba hari ikimenyetso gisanzwe kandi gihamye kiva ibumoso ugana iburyo, noneho hagomba kubaho ibimenyetso byiza bitemba kuri PCB. Tanga amakuru menshi yingirakamaro bishoboka kuri gahunda. Kuberako rimwe na rimwe injeniyeri yumuzunguruko ntaho ihari, abakiriya bazadusaba gufasha gukemura ikibazo cyumuzunguruko, abashushanya, abatekinisiye nabashakashatsi bishimira cyane, natwe turimo.

Usibye ibiranga bisanzwe, gukoresha amashanyarazi, no kwihanganira amakosa, ni ayahe makuru agomba gutangwa muri gahunda? Hano hari inama zo guhindura imigambi isanzwe mubice byishuri byambere. Ongeraho Waveforms, amakuru ya manikari ajyanye nigikonoshwa, uburebure bwimirongo yacapishijwe, ahantu habi; Erekana ibice bigomba gushyirwa kuri PCB; tanga amakuru yo guhindura, agaciro kagize ibice, amakuru yo gutandukana nubushyuhe, kugenzura impengane yanditseho imirongo, ibitekerezo, hamwe numuzunguruko mugusobanura ibikorwa ... (nabandi).
Ntukizere umuntu

Niba udashushanya insinga wowe ubwawe, menya neza kwemerera umwanya uhagije wo kugenzura witonze igishushanyo mbonera cyumuntu. Gukumira bito birakwiye inshuro ijana umuti muri iki gihe. Ntutegereze ko umuntu wintaruro yumva ibitekerezo byawe. Igitekerezo cyawe nubuyobozi nibyingenzi mubyiciro byambere byibishushanyo mbonera. Ibisobanuro byinshi ushobora gutanga, kandi uko wagira uruhare muburyo bwose bwo kwisiga, nibyiza PCB ikomoka. Shiraho ingingo yo kurangiza uhembwa kugirango winjire injeniyeri-byihuse ukurikije raporo yiterambere ushaka. Ubu buryo "bwafunzwe" bukubuza kwiyobye, bityo bigagabanya ibishoboka byo gukora.

Amabwiriza akeneye guhabwa injeniyeri yinginze arimo: Ibisobanuro bigufi byimikorere yumuzunguruko, igishushanyo cya Schematike cya PCB yerekana imyanya ya PCB, hamwe namakuru angahe, insinga yubutaka, ibimenyetso byubutaka, ibimenyetso bya Digital na RF byerekana ibimenyetso na RF. Nibihe bimenyetso bisabwa kuri buri kice; bisaba gushyira ibice byingenzi; ahantu nyaburanga ibice bya bypass; imirongo yacapwe ni ngombwa; imirongo igomba kugenzura imigozi yacapweho; Imirongo ikeneye guhuza uburebure; ingano y'ibigize; niyihe mirongo yacapwe igomba kuba kure (cyangwa hafi); Imirongo igomba kuba kure (cyangwa hafi); Nibihe bice bigomba kuba kure (cyangwa gufunga) kuri mugenzi wawe; Nibihe bice bigomba gushyirwa hejuru ya PCB, ishyirwa hepfo. Ntuzigere winubira ko hari amakuru menshi cyane kubandi - bike cyane? Birakabije? Ntukore.

Inararibonye yo kwiga: Hashize imyaka 10, nashizeho ubwinshi bwumusozi wumuzunguruko, hari ibice kumpande zombi. Koresha imigozi myinshi kugirango ukosore ikibaho mu gikonoshwa cya aluminium cya zahabu (kuko hari ibipimo bikomeye byo kurwanya vibration). Amapine atanga ibiryo byita kugata ku kibaho. Iyi pin ihujwe na PCB ukoresheje insinga. Iki nigikoresho kitoroshye. Ibice bimwe byinama bikoreshwa mugushiraho ibizamini (SAT). Ariko neza nasobanuye neza aho ibi bigize. Urashobora gukeka aho ibi bice byashizwemo? By the way, munsi yinama. Iyo abashakashatsi n'abatekinisiye bagombaga gusenya igikoresho cyose no kubateranya nyuma yo kurangiza igenamiterere, basaga naho batishimye cyane. Na none sinzongera gukora ikosa kuva icyo gihe.

Umwanya

Nkuko muri PCB, ahantu ni byose. Aho ugomba gushira umuzenguruko kuri PCB, aho ugomba gushiraho ibice byihariye byumuzunguruko, kandi ni ubuhe bundi buzunguruka imizunguruko, byose bifite akamaro.

Mubisanzwe, imyanya yinjiza, ibisohoka, kandi imbaraga zamashanyarazi zateganijwe, ariko umuzenguruko hagati yabo ukeneye "gukinisha." Iyi niyo mpamvu yitondera amakuru arambuye azatanga umusaruro mwinshi. Tangira hamwe nibice byingenzi bifatika hanyuma usuzume umuzenguruko wihariye na PCB yose. Kugaragaza aho ibice byingenzi ninzira zimenyetso kuva mu ntangiriro zifasha kwemeza ko igishushanyo cyujuje intego ziteganijwe. Kubona igishushanyo mbonera bwa mbere birashobora kugabanya ibiciro nigitutu - no kugabanya amafaranga yiterambere.

Bypass Imbaraga

Kurenga imbaraga ku mbaraga za amplifier kugirango ugabanye urusaku ni ikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwa PCB - harimo amplifiers yihuta cyangwa izindi mpeshyi yihuta. Hano hari uburyo bubiri busanzwe bwo kurenga Amplifier yihuta.

Guhura na terminal yamashanyarazi: Ubu buryo nibikorwa byinshi mubihe byinshi, ukoresheje ubushobozi bwinshi bubangikanye kugirango buturere bwingufu zingufu za amplifier ikora. Muri rusange, ubushobozi bubiri busa nibihagije - ariko bongera ubushobozi bubangikanye barashobora kugirira akamaro imirongo imwe.

Bifitanye isano nubushobozi bufite imbaraga zifatika zifasha kwemeza ko hasi yo hasi (ac) ibangamiye kuri progaramu yububasha ya PIN ya kabiri. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane kuri gahunda yo kwiteriza ibikorwa bya Amplifier ya Amplifier ishinzwe kwangwa (PSR). Ubwa gashinzwe bufasha kwishyura PSR ya Amplifier. Kugumana inzira yo hasi itagira ingano muri ocnges nyinshi zamafaranga icumi zizafasha kwemeza ko urusaku rwangiza udashobora kwinjira muri OP AMP. Igishushanyo 1 cyerekana ibyiza byo gukoresha ubushobozi bwinshi muburyo bubangikanye. Kugabanya bike, ubushobozi bunini butanga inzira yo hasi. Ariko iyo inshuro zimaze kugera kumiterere yabo, ubushobozi bwa capane buzacika intege kandi buhoro buhoro bigaragara ko inductive. Iyi niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gukoresha ubushobozi bwinshi: Iyo hatangiye kubona ubushobozi bumwe butangira guta, igisubizo cyiminota gitangira gukora, bityo gishobora kugumana imporateri nkeya cyane muri 5 octave iringaniye.

Tangira mu buryo butaziguye amapine y'amashanyarazi ya op amp; Ubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi buto hamwe nubunini buto bwumubiri bigomba gushyirwa kuruhande rwa PCB nka op amp - kandi hafi bishoboka kuri amplifier. Ubutaka bwa Cauple bugomba guhuzwa mu ndege yibanze hamwe na PIN ngufi cyangwa insinga. Ihuza ryavuzwe haruguru rigomba kuba rishoboka rishoboka kumutwaro wa Amplifier kugirango ugabanye kwivanga hagati yingufu nubutaka.

Iyi nzira igomba gusubirwamo kubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi bunini bukurikira. Nibyiza gutangirana nubushobozi buke bwa 0.01 μf no gushyiramo 2,2 μf (cyangwa binini) ubwabuto bwa electrolytic hamwe no kurwanya itandukaniro (ESR) kubyegera. Indwara ya 0.01

Imbaraga zo gutanga imbaraga: Ubundi buryo bwo guhuza uburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwa bypass buhuza hakurya yimiterere myiza kandi mbi yo gufungura amplifier ikora. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa mugihe bigoye gushiraho ubushobozi bune mumuzunguruko. Ibibi byayo nuko ingano yurubanza ishobora kwiyongera kuko voltage hakurya yaguha ari kabiri voltage agaciro muburyo bumwe. Kongera voltage bisaba kongeramo ibikoresho byo gusenyuka nigikoresho, ni ukuvuga kongera ubunini bw'imiturire. Ariko, ubu buryo burashobora kunoza imikorere ya PSR na Kugoreka.

Kuberako buri muzunguruko hamwe ninfite insinga bitandukanye, iboneza, umubare numubare w'agaciro ko ubushobozi bugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'umuzunguruko nyirizina.