Bitewe nubunini buke nubunini, nta hantu na hamwe hacapwe ibipimo ngenderwaho byumuzunguruko kubijyanye nisoko rya IOT ryiyongera. Mbere yuko aya mahame asohoka, twagombaga kwishingikiriza ku bumenyi n'ubushakashatsi mu gukora ingana mu iterambere ry'urwego no gutekereza ku bijyanye no kubishyira mu bikorwa bidasanzwe. Hano hari uturere tutuba dufite ibitekerezo byihariye. Ni: Ibikoresho byo hejuru byumuzunguruko, rf / microwave igishushanyo mbonera na rf.

Ibikoresho bya PCB

Ati: "PCB" muri rusange igizwe n'intara, zishobora gukorwa muri epoxkere ya fibre (Fr4), Polimide cyangwa ibikoresho bya Rogers cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo kumarana. Ibikoresho byo kwikuramo hagati yibirindiro bitandukanye byitwa prefref.

Ibikoresho byambayeho bisaba kwizerwa cyane, ku buryo abashushanyaga PCB bahuye no guhitamo gukoresha Fr4 (ibikoresho bitwara ibicuruzwa bya PCB) cyangwa bihantu hateye imbere kandi bihenze kandi bihenze, ibi bizahinduka ikibazo.

Niba porogaramu ya PCB isaba umuvuduko mwinshi, ibikoresho byinshi-byinshi, Fr4 ntibishobora guhitamo neza. Imibutso ihoraho (DK) ya Fr4 ni 4.5, ifitanye ubucuti buringaniye yateye imbere ni 3.55, naho ubucuti buhoraho bwumuvandimwe urukurikirane rwa 4350 ni 3.66.

Ati: "Ubucuti buhoraho bwerekeza ku kigereranyo cy'ubushobozi cyangwa imbaraga hagati yabatwara hafi ya 3.66, nibyiza ko bikunze kubamo gahunda yo hejuru.

Mubihe bisanzwe, umubare wibice bya PCB kubikoresho byambayeho kuva kuri 4 kugeza 8. Ihame ryubwubatsi ni uko niba ari PCB 8-cb, igomba gushobora gutanga ubutaka buhagije nububasha hamwe na sandwich igice cyinshi. Muri ubu buryo, ingaruka zizerera muri karoki zirashobora kubikwa kumwanya muto kandi wa elechugneic wo kwivanga (EMI) birashobora kugabanuka cyane.

Mubikorwa byumuzunguruko bishushanya icyiciro, gahunda yimiterere muri rusange ni ugushyira igice kinini cyizuba hafi yimyandikire yubutegetsi. Ibi birashobora gukora ingaruka nke cyane, kandi urusaku rwa sisitemu rushobora kandi kugabanuka hafi ya zeru. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane kuri radiyo scesystem.

Ugereranije nibikoresho bya rogers, fr4 bifite ibintu byo gutandukana (DF), cyane cyane kumafaranga menshi. Kubikorwa byinshi fr4 laminates, agaciro ka DF ni hafi 0.002, nubushobozi bwubunini burenze fr4. Nyamara, Stack 'stack ni 0.001 gusa cyangwa munsi yayo. Iyo ibikoresho bya Fr4 bikoreshwa mugukoresha inshuro nyinshi, hazabaho itandukaniro ryibihombo byo kwinjiza. Gutakaza ibiyobyabwenge bisobanurwa nkimbaraga zo guta agaciro kuva ingingo a kugeza ku ngingo b mugihe ukoresheje fr4, rogers cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.

Kora ibibazo

Imbunda pcB isaba kugenzura amakosa. Iki nikintu cyingenzi kubikoresho byambaye. Impemu ihuye irashobora gutanga isuku yerekana ibimenyetso. Mbere, kwihanganira bisanzwe kubimenyetso bitwara ibimenyetso byari ± 10%. Iki kimenyetso biragaragara ko atari byiza bihagije kuri uyumunsi inshuro nyinshi n'umuzabibu wihuta. Ibisabwa ubu ni ± 7%, kandi mubihe bimwe na bimwe na 5% cyangwa bike. Iyi mitwe hamwe nibindi bihinduka bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku gukora iyi pcbs yo mu mitwaro hamwe no kugenzura cyane, bigabanya umubare wibicuruzwa bishobora kubikora.

Imibutso ihoraho yo kwihanganira laminate ikozwe mubikoresho bya rogen uhf muri rusange bibungabungwa kuri ± 2%, nibicuruzwa bimwe birashobora no kugera kuri 1.%. Ibinyuranye, ifitanye isano iteka kwihanganira Fr4 ni hejuru ya 10%. Kubwibyo, gereranya ibi bikoresho byombi urashobora kuboneka ko igihombo cya Rogers Concers 'gike cyane. Ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo fr4, gutakaza igihombo no kugabanya igihome cya rogers stack igice cya kabiri.

Mubihe byinshi, igiciro nicyo cyingenzi. Nyamara, Rogers irashobora gutanga igihombo gito-cyo kugabanya-inshuro nyinshi kumikorere kubiciro byemewe. Kubisabwa mubucuruzi, Rogers irashobora gukorwa muri PCB ya Hybrid hamwe na Epoxy-ishingiye kuri Fr4, ibice bimwe bikoresha ibikoresho bya rogers, nibindi bikoresha Fr4.

Iyo uhisemo stack ya rogers, inshuro ni ukuzirikana mbere. Iyo inshuro zirenga 500mhz, abashushanya PCB bakunda guhitamo ibikoresho bya rogers, cyane cyane imirongo ya RF / Microwave, kubera ko ibi bikoresho bishobora gutanga imikorere yo hejuru mugihe ibimenyetso byo hejuru bigenzurwa rwose nukubera.

Ugereranije nibikoresho by fr4, ibikoresho bya rogers birashobora kandi gutanga igihombo cyo hasi, kandi imirire yayo irahagaze mumurongo wa kabiri. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya rogers birashobora gutanga imikorere myiza yo kwinjizamo ibice bisabwa nimikorere yo hejuru.

Coefficient yo Kwagura Ubushyuhe (cte) ya rogers 4000 Ibikoresho birimo gushikama kwinshi. Ibi bivuze ko ugereranije na Fr4, iyo PCB ihuye nubukonje bukonje, ishyushye kandi ishyushye cyane yo kwagura hamwe no kugabanyirizwa inama yumuzunguruko irashobora kubungabunzwe munsi yinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

Kubijyanye no gufatana kuvanze, biroroshye gukoresha tekinoroji isanzwe yo gukora kugirango uvange Rogers na Fr4 Fr4 hamwe, bityo biraryoroshye kugera kubikorwa byo hejuru. Striges Strick ntabwo isaba inzira idasanzwe muburyo bwo kwitegura.

Rusange Fr4 ntishobora kugera kumikorere yizeko yizewe, ariko ibikoresho byo hejuru fr4 bifite ibiranga ubwishingizi bwiza, nka TG irenze urugero, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gusaba gucika intege.

RF / Microwave Igishushanyo mbonera

Ikoranabuhanga ryimukanwa na Bluetooth ryahaye inzira porogaramu ya RF / Microwave mubihe byambaye ubusa. Urubanza rwinshi rugenda rugenda rugenda rurushaho kuba dufite imbaraga. Mu myaka mike ishize, inshuro nyinshi (vhf) yasobanuwe nka 2GHZ ~ 3GHz. Ariko ubu turashobora kubona ibyifuzo bya ultra-byinshi (UHF) bivuye kuri 10GHZ kugeza 25GHz.

Kubwibyo, kubwiza pcb, igice cya RF gisaba kwitabwaho cyane kubibazo byo kwirangisho, kandi ibimenyetso bigomba gutandukana bitandukanye, kandi ibimenyetso bitera ibimenyetso byinshi-bigomba kubikwa ibimenyetso byinshi bigomba kubikwa kubutaka. Ibindi bitekerezo birimo: Gutanga uburyo bushya, ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutesha agaciro, no gushushanya umurongo wohereza hamwe numurongo wagarutse kugirango ugereranye.

Muyunguruzi wa Bypass birashobora guhagarika ingaruka zinyeganyeza zibirimo hamwe na karo. Gucunga Gucukura bigomba gushyirwa hafi yibikoresho bitwara ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi.

Imirongo yihuta yihuta hamwe nindege zibimenyetso bisaba igice cyubutaka kugirango gishyirwe hagati yibimenyetso byingufu kugirango bikosore ibyatsi bibi. Kumuhuza munini w'ikimenyetso, fippetance ntoya ntizitera kwanduza no kwakira ibimenyetso, bikavamo kugoreka. Kubwibyo, ubwitonzi budasanzwe bugomba kwishyurwa kubibazo bihuye nibimenyetso kuri radiyo, kuko ibimenyetso kuri radiyo bifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi kwihanganira bidasanzwe.

Imirongo yohereza RF isaba impengali igenzurwa kugirango yohereze ibimenyetso bya RF bivuye muburyo bwihariye kuri PCB. Iyi mirongo itwara ibicuruzwa irashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa kumurongo wo hanze, hejuru, no hepfo, cyangwa irashobora gukorerwa murwego rwo hagati.

Uburyo bukoreshwa mugihe cya PCB RF ni umurongo wa microstrip, umurongo ureremba, Coplanar waveguide cyangwa. Umurongo wa microstrip ugizwe nuburebure bwicyuma cyangwa ibimenyetso nubutaka bwose cyangwa igice cyindege yindege munsi yacyo. Impengamubiri ziranga mumiterere rusange yumurongo uturuka kuva 50ω kugeza 75ω.

Indege ireremba nubundi buryo bwo guhagarika urusaku no guhagarika urusaku. Uyu murongo ugizwe no kwinuba-kwinuba neza kurwego rwimbere hamwe nindege nini hejuru no munsi yumurongo wikigo. Indege yo hasi yashyizwe hagati yindege yamashanyarazi, bityo irashobora gutanga ingaruka nziza cyane. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwatoranijwe bwo kwambara PCB rf ibimenyetso.

Coplanar Waveguide irashobora gutanga kwigunga neza hafi yumuzunguruko wa RF hamwe numuzenguruko ukeneye kurwanywa hafi. Iyi mico igizwe nuyobora urwego rwibanze nubutaka kuruhande rumwe cyangwa hepfo. Inzira nziza yo kohereza ibimenyetso kuri radio ni uguhagarika imirongo cyangwa coplanar waveguides. Ubu buryo bubiri burashobora gutanga kwigunga neza hagati yikimenyetso na rf.

Birasabwa gukoresha ibyo bita "ukoresheje uruzitiro" kumpande zombi za Coplanari Wavegage. Ubu buryo burashobora gutanga umurongo wubutaka vias kuri buri ndege yicyuma cyumuryango wa Centre. Igice kinini gikora hagati gifite uruzitiro kuri buri ruhande, bityo rutanga shortcut yo kugaruka kurubu hasi hepfo. Ubu buryo burashobora kugabanya urwego rwurusaku rujyanye ningaruka ndende zinyeganyeza ibimenyetso bya RF. Imibutso ihoraho ya 4.5 ikomeza kimwe na Fr4 Ibikoresho bya PRREf, mugihe ifitanye isano buri gihe, umurongo wa progaramu, umurongo cyangwa offset stripline-hafi ya 3.8 kugeza 3.9.

Mu bikoresho bimwe bikoresha indege y'ibanze, happy hass cish irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere yo gutesha agaciro imbaraga kandi itange inzira shunt kuva kubikoresho hasi. Inzira ya Swent igana hasi irashobora kugabanya uburebure bwa hi. Ibi birashobora kugera kubikorwa bibiri: Ntabwo utera shunt gusa, ahubwo ugabanye intera yo kwanduza ahantu hato, arikintu cyingenzi cya rf.