Mu gishushanyo cyo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, niba ikibaho cya PCB kidakozwe neza, kizagaragaza amashanyarazi menshi cyane. Igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB hamwe nakazi keza ko gutanga amashanyarazi ubu kerekana muri make amayeri arindwi: binyuze mu gusesengura ibintu bikeneye kwitabwaho muri buri ntambwe, igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB gishobora gukorwa byoroshye intambwe ku yindi!

1. Uburyo bwo gushushanya kuva mubishushanyo kugeza PCB

Shiraho ibipimo bigize ibice -> kwinjiza ihame netisiti -> igishushanyo mbonera cyibishushanyo -> imiterere yintoki -> intoki - - kugenzura igishushanyo -> gusubiramo -> CAM isohoka.

2. Igenamiterere

Intera iri hagati yinsinga zegeranye zigomba kuba zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa n’umutekano w’amashanyarazi, kandi kugirango byorohereze imikorere n’umusaruro, intera igomba kuba yagutse bishoboka. Umwanya muto ugomba kuba byibuze ukwiranye na voltage yihanganira. Iyo ubwinshi bwinsinga buri hasi, intera yumurongo wibimenyetso irashobora kwiyongera muburyo bukwiye. Kumurongo wibimenyetso ufite intera nini hagati yurwego rwo hejuru kandi ruto, intera igomba kuba ngufi ishoboka kandi intera igomba kwiyongera. Mubisanzwe, Shiraho intera yumurongo kugirango irenze 1mm uhereye kumpera yumwobo wimbere wa padi kugeza kumpera yikibaho cyacapwe, kugirango wirinde inenge za padi mugihe cyo gutunganya. Iyo ibimenyetso byahujwe na padi ari bito, ihuriro riri hagati yamakariso hamwe nibisobanuro bigomba gushushanywa muburyo butonyanga. Ibyiza byibi nuko amakariso atoroshye gukuramo, ariko ibimenyetso hamwe nudupapuro ntabwo byoroshye guhuzwa.

3. Imiterere y'ibigize

Imyitozo yerekanye ko niyo igishushanyo cyumuzunguruko cyakozwe neza kandi ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe kidakozwe neza, bizagira ingaruka mbi kubwizerwa bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kurugero, niba imirongo ibiri yoroheje ibangikanye yibibaho byacapwe byegeranye hamwe, bizatera ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bitinda kandi urusaku rwerekana kumpera yumurongo wohereza; kwivanga guterwa no gutekereza nabi kubutaka nubutaka bizatera ibicuruzwa guhura nigabanuka ryimikorere, kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gushushanya imbaho ​​zumuzingo zacapwe, hagomba kwitonderwa uburyo bwiza. Buri cyuma gitanga amashanyarazi gifite imirongo ine igezweho:

(1) Umuzunguruko wa AC wamashanyarazi
(2) Ibisohoka bikosora AC umuzenguruko

(3) Ibizunguruka byerekana ibimenyetso byinjira
. Akayunguruzo ka capacitor ahanini ikora nkububiko bwagutse bwingufu; kimwe, ibisohoka muyunguruzi capacitor nayo ikoreshwa mukubika ingufu nyinshi-ziva mubisohoka. Mugihe kimwe, ingufu za DC ziva mumuzigo zisohoka zivaho. Kubwibyo, amaherere yinjiza nibisohoka muyunguruzi ubushobozi ni ngombwa cyane. Iyinjiza n'ibisohoka bigezweho bigomba guhuzwa gusa n'amashanyarazi aturuka kumurongo wa filteri ya capacitor; niba ihuriro riri hagati yinjiza / ibisohoka bizunguruka hamwe nimbaraga zo guhinduranya / gukosora ibintu bidashobora guhuzwa na capacitori Terminal ihujwe neza, kandi ingufu za AC zizasakara mubidukikije byinjira cyangwa bisohoka muyunguruzi. AC loop ya power ya power na AC loop ya rectifier irimo imiyoboro myinshi-amplitude trapezoidal. Imiyoboro ifite ibice byinshi bihuza kandi inshuro zayo nini cyane kuruta inshuro zifatizo za switch. Impinga ya amplitude irashobora kuba hejuru inshuro 5 zikomeza kwinjiza / gusohoka DC ya amplitude. Igihe cyinzibacyuho ni nka 50ns. Utwo tuzingo tubiri dukunze guhura na electromagnetic interineti, bityo rero imirongo ya AC igomba gushyirwaho mbere yindi mirongo yacapwe mumashanyarazi. Ibice bitatu byingenzi bigize buri cyerekezo ni filteri ya capacator, amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi, hamwe na inductor. Cyangwa abahindura bagomba gushyirwa kuruhande, kandi imyanya yibigize igomba guhinduka kugirango inzira igezweho hagati yabo bigufi bishoboka.
Inzira nziza yo gushiraho uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ahinduranya nuburyo bwamashanyarazi. Uburyo bwiza bwo gushushanya nuburyo bukurikira:

Shyira transformateur
◆ Shushanya imbaraga zihinduranya izunguruka
◆ Gushushanya ibisohoka bikosora ibyagezweho
Umuzenguruko uhuza amashanyarazi ya AC
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(1) Banza, tekereza ubunini bwa PCB. Iyo ingano ya PCB ari nini cyane, imirongo yacapwe izaba ndende, impedance iziyongera, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urusaku bizagabanuka, kandi ibiciro biziyongera; niba ingano ya PCB ari nto cyane, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ntibizaba byiza, kandi imirongo iherekejwe izahungabana byoroshye. Imiterere myiza yikibaho cyumuzingi ni urukiramende, naho igipimo cya aspect ni 3: 2 cyangwa 4: 3. Ibigize biherereye kumpera yumuzunguruko muri rusange ntabwo biri munsi yuruhande rwumuzunguruko

(2) Mugihe ushyira igikoresho, tekereza kugurisha ejo hazaza, ntabwo ari byinshi;
(3) Fata ibice byingenzi bigize buri muzunguruko ukora nkikigo hanyuma urambike hafi yacyo. Ibigize bigomba gutondekanya, neza kandi neza kuri PCB, kugabanya no kugabanya kuyobora no guhuza ibice, hamwe na capacitor ya decoupling igomba kuba hafi bishoboka kubikoresho
(4) Kumuzunguruko ukorera kumurongo mwinshi, ibipimo byagabanijwe hagati yibigize bigomba gusuzumwa. Mubisanzwe, umuzenguruko ugomba gutondekanya muburyo bushoboka bwose. Muri ubu buryo, ntabwo ari byiza gusa, ahubwo biroroshye gushiraho no gusudira, kandi byoroshye kubyara umusaruro.
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(7) Mugabanye ahantu hashoboka hashoboka kugirango uhagarike imishwarara yumuriro wamashanyarazi.

4. insinga zo guhinduranya amashanyarazi zirimo ibimenyetso byinshyi

Umurongo wose wacapwe kuri PCB urashobora gukora nka antene. Uburebure n'ubugari bw'umurongo wacapwe bizagira ingaruka kuri impedance na inductance, bityo bigire ingaruka kubisubizo byinshyi. Ndetse imirongo yacapwe itambutsa ibimenyetso bya DC irashobora guhuza ibimenyetso bya radiyo yumurongo uva kumirongo icapye kandi bigatera ibibazo byumuzunguruko (ndetse bikongera bikongera ibimenyetso byerekana interineti). Kubwibyo, imirongo yose yacapwe inyura AC ya AC igomba kuba yagenewe kuba mugufi kandi yagutse bishoboka, bivuze ko ibice byose bihujwe kumirongo yacapwe nindi mashanyarazi bigomba gushyirwa hafi cyane. Uburebure bwumurongo wacapwe buragereranywa na inductance na impedance, kandi ubugari buragereranywa na inductance na impedance yumurongo wacapwe. Uburebure bugaragaza uburebure bwumurongo wacapwe. Uburebure burebure, niko hasi yumurongo umurongo wacapwe ushobora kohereza no kwakira imiraba ya electronique, kandi irashobora gukwirakwiza ingufu za radio nyinshi. Ukurikije ubunini bwicapiro ryumuzunguruko wacapwe, gerageza kongera ubugari bwumurongo wamashanyarazi kugirango ugabanye guhangana. Mugihe kimwe, kora icyerekezo cyumurongo wamashanyarazi numurongo wubutaka ujyanye nicyerekezo cyumuyaga, gifasha kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urusaku. Impamvu ni ishami ryo hepfo yibice bine bigezweho byo guhinduranya amashanyarazi. Ifite uruhare runini nkibisanzwe byerekanwa kumuzunguruko. Nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kugenzura kwivanga. Kubwibyo, gushyira insinga zubutaka bigomba gusuzumwa neza muburyo. Kuvanga ibibanza bitandukanye bizatera ibikorwa byo gutanga amashanyarazi adahungabana.

Ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa mugushushanya insinga zubutaka:

A. Hitamo neza ingingo imwe. Mubisanzwe, iherezo rusange rya filteri ya capacitor igomba kuba imwe yonyine ihuza izindi ngingo zifatika kubashakanye kuri AC kubutaka bwumuyaga mwinshi. Ingingo zifatika zumuzingi uringaniye zigomba kuba zegeranye zishoboka, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ya filteri yuru rwego rwumuzunguruko nabwo bugomba kuba buhujwe n’ahantu ho guhagarara kuri uru rwego, cyane cyane urebye ko ibyasubiye mu butaka muri buri igice cyumuzunguruko cyahinduwe, kandi impedance yumurongo nyawo utemba bizatera ihinduka ryubutaka bwubutaka bwa buri gice cyumuzunguruko kandi bitangire kwivanga. Muri uku guhinduranya amashanyarazi, insinga zayo hamwe nubushake hagati yibikoresho bifite ingaruka nke, kandi umuyoboro wizunguruka wakozwe numuzunguruko wubutaka ufite uruhare runini mukubangamira, bityo rero ingingo imwe ihagarara ikoreshwa, ni ukuvuga amashanyarazi ahinduranya amashanyarazi . Kuri kwishima. Iyo ingingo imwe itabonetse, sangira hasi Huza diode ebyiri cyangwa résistoriste ntoya, mubyukuri, irashobora guhuzwa nigice kinini cyumuringa.

B. Komeza insinga zubutaka bishoboka. Niba insinga zubutaka ari ntoya cyane, ubushobozi bwubutaka buzahinduka hamwe nihinduka ryumuyaga, bizatera urwego rwibimenyetso byigihe cyibikoresho bya elegitoronike bidahindagurika, kandi imikorere yo kurwanya urusaku izangirika. Noneho rero, menya neza ko buri nini nini yubutaka bwa terefone Koresha imirongo yacapishijwe mugufi kandi mugari bishoboka, kandi wagure ubugari bwimbaraga nimirongo yubutaka bishoboka. Nibyiza ko umurongo wubutaka wagutse kuruta umurongo wamashanyarazi. Umubano wabo ni: umurongo wubutaka> umurongo wamashanyarazi> umurongo wibimenyetso. Niba bishoboka, umurongo wubutaka Ubugari bugomba kuba burenze 3mm, kandi igice kinini cyumuringa gishobora no gukoreshwa nkumugozi wubutaka. Huza ahantu hadakoreshwa kurubaho rwacapwe nkumugozi wubutaka. Mugihe ukora insinga zisi, amahame akurikira nayo agomba gukurikizwa:

. Icyerekezo cyicyerekezo kigomba kuba gihuye nicyerekezo cyicyerekezo cyumuzunguruko, kuberako ibipimo bitandukanye bisabwa hejuru yubudozi mugihe cyo gukora. Kubwibyo, biroroshye kugenzura, gukemura no gufata neza umusaruro (Icyitonderwa: Bivuga mbere yo kuzuza imikorere yumuzunguruko hamwe nibisabwa mugushiraho imashini zose hamwe nuburyo bwa panel).

. bisobanutse.

(3) Inzira zambukiranya imipaka ntizemewe mumuzingo wacapwe. Kumirongo ishobora kwambuka, urashobora gukoresha "gucukura" na "guhinduranya" kugirango ubikemure. Nukuvuga, reka kurongora "drill" unyuze mu cyuho munsi yizindi rezistoriste, capacator, na pin triode, cyangwa "umuyaga" uhereye kumpera yumutwe ushobora kwambuka. Mubihe bidasanzwe, burya uruziga rugoye, biremewe kandi koroshya igishushanyo. Koresha insinga kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyumuzunguruko. Kuberako ikibaho cyuruhande rumwe cyemewe, ibice bigize umurongo biherereye hejuru kandi ibikoresho-byo hejuru-bishyira hejuru. Kubwibyo, umurongo-wumurongo urashobora guhuzagurika hamwe nubuso-bushyira mugikoresho mugihe cyateganijwe, ariko kwirinda amakariso bigomba kwirindwa.

C. Kwinjiza ubutaka nibisohoka Ubu buryo bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi ni voltage nkeya DC-DC. Niba ushaka gusubiza ibyasohotse mumashanyarazi asubira kuri primaire ya transformateur, imirongo kumpande zombi igomba kuba ifite aho ihurira, bityo nyuma yo gushyira umuringa kumurongo winsinga kumpande zombi, Zigomba guhuzwa hamwe kugirango zibe ahantu hamwe .

5. Reba

Igishushanyo mbonera kimaze kurangira, birakenewe kugenzura neza niba igishushanyo mbonera cyujuje amategeko yashyizweho nuwashushanyije, kandi muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi kwemeza niba amategeko yashyizweho yujuje ibisabwa n’ibicuruzwa byacapwe. inzira. Mubisanzwe reba umurongo numurongo, umurongo nibice bigize ibice, umurongo Niba intera iva mumyobo, udupapuro twibigize no kunyura mu mwobo, unyuze mu mwobo no mu mwobo birumvikana, kandi niba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Niba ubugari bwumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wubutaka bukwiye, kandi niba hari aho wagura umurongo wubutaka muri PCB. Icyitonderwa: Amakosa amwe arashobora kwirengagizwa. Kurugero, igice cyurucacagu rwa bamwe bahuza gishyirwa hanze yikibaho, kandi amakosa azabaho mugihe ugenzura umwanya; hiyongereyeho, burigihe burigihe insinga na vias byahinduwe, umuringa ugomba kongera gutwikwa.

6. Ongera usuzume ukurikije "Urutonde rwa PCB"

Ibirimo bikubiyemo amategeko agenga igishushanyo, ibisobanuro byerekana, ubugari bwumurongo, intera, padi, kandi binyuze mumiterere. Ni ngombwa kandi gusubiramo gushyira mu gaciro imiterere y'ibikoresho, insinga z'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro y'ubutaka, insinga no gukingira imiyoboro yihuta yihuta, hamwe no gukuramo Gushyira hamwe no guhuza ubushobozi, nibindi.

7. ibibazo bikeneye kwitabwaho mugushushanya no gusohora dosiye ya Gerber

a. Ibice bigomba gusohoka harimo ibyuma bifata ibyuma (hasi yo hasi), ecran ya silike (harimo ecran ya silike yo hejuru, ecran ya silike yo hepfo), mask yo kugurisha (mask yo kugurisha hepfo), icyuma cyo gucukura (layer yo hepfo), na dosiye yo gucukura (NCDrill )
b. Mugihe ushyiraho ibice bya silike ya ecran, ntuhitemo PartType, hitamo urwego rwo hejuru (urwego rwo hasi) na Outline, Text, Linec ya ecran ya silike. Mugihe ushyiraho urwego rwa buri cyiciro, hitamo Ubuyobozi. Mugihe ushyizeho silike ya ecran ya ecran, ntuhitemo PartType, hitamo Urucacagu, Umwandiko, Umurongo.d wurwego rwo hejuru (urwego rwo hasi) na silike ya ecran. Mugihe utanga dosiye yo gucukura, koresha igenamiterere rya PowerPCB kandi ntugire icyo uhindura.