Mubishushanyo mbonera byamashanyarazi, niba ikibaho cya PCB kitakozwe neza, kizamura neza electomagnetic. Igishushanyo cya PCB gifite akazi gahamye gakomeye ubu uravuga muri make amayeri arindwi: binyuze mu gusesengura ibintu bikeneye kwitaba kuri buri ntambwe, igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB kirashobora gukora byoroshye intambwe!

1.. Inzira yo gushushanya kuva Schematic to PCB

Gushiraho ibipimo byubuzima -> Ihuza Ingagi Netlist -> Igishushanyo cyibishushanyo -> Igishushanyo mbonera -> Kugenzura intoki -> Kugenzura -> Isubiramo -> Isubiramo - Isubiramo.

2. Gushiraho

Intera iri hagati yinsinga zegeranye igomba kuba ishobora guhaza ibisabwa mu mutekano w'amashanyarazi, kandi kugira ngo byoroherezwe imikorere n'umusaruro, intera igomba kuba yagutse ishoboka. Umwanya muto ugomba kuba byibuze ubereye voltage yihanganiye. Iyo ubucucike bwinshi ari buke, umwanya wibimenyetso birashobora kwiyongera neza. Ku mirongo yerekana icyuho kinini hagati yinzego nyinshi kandi yo hasi, ubwitonzi bugomba kuba igihe gito gishoboka kandi intera igomba kwiyongera. Mubisanzwe, shiraho ibimenyetso byerekana kuba birenze 1mm kuva ku mwobo w'imbere wa padi ku nkombe y'inama yacapwe, kugirango wirinde inenge za padi mugihe cyo gutunganya. Iyo ibimenyetso bifitanye isano na padi birimona, isano iri hagati ya padi na tracle igomba gukorerwa muburyo butarimo. Inyungu yiyi nuko padi zitoroshye gukuramo, ariko ibimenyetso hamwe na padi ntibishoboka byoroshye.

3. Imiterere yimiterere

Imyitozo yagaragaye ko niyo ibara ry'umuzapiri ryakozwe neza kandi akanama gasirikare karakozwe neza, bizagira ingaruka mbi cyane kwizerwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kurugero, niba imirongo ibiri ihungabana hagati yinama yacapwe yegeranye, bizatera ibisimba byatinze gutinda no gutekereza cyane kumpera yumurongo wohereza; Kwivanga biba bidakwiye imbaraga nubutaka bizatera ibicuruzwa bigabanuka bigabanuka bigabanuka, mugihe rero, mugihe ushushanya imbaho ​​zicagamye, ibitekerezo bigomba kwitabwaho kubusa. Buriwese ahindura amashanyarazi afite imirongo ine yubu:

(1) AC Umuzunguruko wimbaraga
(2) ibisohoka regitiier ac oircuit

(3) loop yubuso bwibimenyetso byinjira
. Kwandika cyane cyane bikora nkamashanyarazi mu buryo bugari; Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibisohoka kuyungurura no gukoresha kandi bikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu-nyinshi ziva mu gukosora ibisohoka. Muri icyo gihe, imbaraga za DC zisohoka mu ruzitiro zivanyweho. Kubwibyo, imitwe yinjiza nibisohoka kuyungurura ubushobozi ni ngombwa cyane. Ibisohoka no gusohoka kuzenguruka ubu bigomba guhuzwa gusa nimbaraga ziva kuri terminals yo kuyungurura; Niba ihuriro hagati yinjiza / ibisohoka hejuru hamwe na power switch / udukoko tudashobora guhuzwa nubushobozi bwa terefone buhujwe, kandi imbaraga za AC zizashyirwa mubidukikije cyangwa ibisohoka kuyungurura. Ac loop yimyanda ihinduka hamwe na ac loop ya rection zirimo imigezi myinshi-amplitude. Iyi migezi ifite ibice byinshi byahuza kandi inshuro zabo ziruta inshuro zingenzi zo guhinduranya. Impeta ya Peak irashobora kuba hejuru yinshuro 5 zikomeza kwinjiza / gusohoka dc ubungubu. Igihe cyinzibacyuho mubisanzwe ni 26, Iyi mvugo zombi zikunda cyane kwivanga kwivanga, bityo rero ibi kugozwa bigomba gushyirwaho mbere yindi mirongo yacapwe mumashanyarazi. Ibice bitatu by'ingenzi bya buri muzingo birayunguruzo, guhindura imbaraga cyangwa gukosora, na ba kwiyeba. Cyangwa impinduka zigomba gushyirwa iruhande rwa buriwese, kandi imyanya yibigize igomba guhinduka kugirango inzira iri hagati yabo mugihe gito gishoboka.
Inzira nziza yo gushiraho imiterere yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi isa nibishushanyo mbonera byamashanyarazi. Inzira nziza yo gushushanya ni izi zikurikira:

◆ Shira impinduka
◆ imbaraga zamashanyarazi zihindura ikibanza
◆ Gushushanya ibisohoka gukosora urugwiro
Kurwanya Umuzunguruko uhujwe numuzunguruko wa AC
Gushushanya kwinjiza isoko igezweho hamwe ninjiza iyungurura ibishushanyo mpumura neza kandi birasohoka hakurikijwe igice cyumuzunguruko, mugihe hashyizweho ibice byose byumuzunguruko, amasomo akurikira agomba kubahirizwa:

(1) Ubwa mbere, suzuma ingano ya PCB. Iyo ubunini bwa PCB bunini cyane, imirongo yacapwe izaba ndende, impetomu iziyongera, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urusaku buzagabanuka, kandi ikiguzi kiziyongera; Niba ingano ya PCB ari nto cyane, gutandukana k'ubushyuhe ntizaba byiza, kandi imirongo yegeranye izahungabanya byoroshye. Imiterere myiza yakarere kakarere ni urukiramende, kandi igipimo cyihariye ni 3: 2 cyangwa 4: 3. Ibigize Ibirimo biri ku nkombe yikibaho cyumuzunguruko muri rusange ntabwo ari munsi yinkombe yinama yumuzunguruko

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. Ibigize bigomba kuba bihari, neza kandi bitandukanijwe kuri PCB, gake kandi bigabanya kandi bigabana bigize ibice, kandi ubushobozi bwa decoupling bugomba kuba hafi yigikoresho
. Mubisanzwe, umuzenguruko ugomba gutegurwa ugereranije nibishoboka byose. Muri ubu buryo, ntabwo ari bwiza gusa, ahubwo biroroshye kwishyiraho no gusudi, noroshye kubyara umusaruro.
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4. Wiring Guhindura Amashanyarazi arimo ibimenyetso-byinshi

Umurongo uwo ariwo wose wacapwe kuri PCB urashobora gukora nka Antenna. Uburebure n'ubugari bw'imirongo yacapwe bizagira ingaruka ku mpongo no gutera inkunga, bityo bigira ingaruka ku gisubizo. Ndetse imirongo yacapwe itsinze ibimenyetso bya DC irashobora guhuza ibimenyetso kuri radiyo imirongo yegeranye kandi bigatera ibibazo byumuzunguruko (ndetse no kongeramo ibimenyetso byivanga). Kubwibyo, imirongo yose yacapishijwe itsinze AC Inoze igomba kuba igamije kuba mugufi kandi yagutse bishoboka, bivuze ko ibice byose bihujwe numurongo wacapwe hamwe nizindi mbuto bigomba gushyirwaho cyane. Uburebure bwumurongo wacapwe ni ugereranyije na Inductance yacyo nubumuga, kandi ubugari bugereranije muburyo butandukanye bwo kwinjiza no kukubangamira umurongo wacapwe. Uburebure bwerekana uburebure bwabasirikare byacapwe. Igihe kirekire, hepfo inshuro umurongo wanditse ushobora kohereza no kwakira imiraba ya electromagnetic, kandi irashobora kumurika ingufu nyinshi za radiyo. Ukurikije ingano yumuriro wacapweho, gerageza kongera ubugari bwumurongo wamashanyarazi kugirango ugabanye. Mugihe kimwe, kora icyerekezo cyumurongo wamashanyarazi hamwe numurongo wubutaka uhuye nubuyobozi bwaho, bifasha kuzamura ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urusaku. Gutaka ni ishami ryo hasi ryimirongo ine yubu Ifite uruhare rukomeye nkingingo isanzwe yerekana umuzenguruko. Nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kugenzura kwivanga. Kubwibyo, gushyira insinga zihagaze bigomba gusuzumwa neza muburyo. Kuvanga ibice bitandukanye bizatera imikorere yububasha idahungabana.

Ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwishyurwa mubutaka bwubutaka:

A. Hitamo neza ingingo imwe. Mubisanzwe, impera isanzwe yiyanduye ubushobozi igomba kuba ari yo gusa ihuza ryizindi ngingo zifatika kubashakanye kubutaka burebure. Ingingo zifatika zurwego rumwe zurwego rumwe zigomba kuba hafi bishoboka, kandi imbaraga zo gutanga imbaraga zuru rwego rwo hasi zigomba no gufatwa nkubushobozi bwurubuga, kandi ukwiye kwibasirwa nubushobozi bwuruhande no kumenyekanisha kwivanga. Muri aya mashanyarazi, uwizihiza no guterwa hagati yibikoresho bifite uruhare ruto, kandi ikibanza kimwe cyibikoresho byinshi bihujwe na pin Kuyungurura ubushobozi, kugirango amashanyarazi ahamye kandi ntabwo byoroshye kwishimisha. Iyo ingingo imwe idahari, mubyukuri, irashobora guhuriza hamwe igice cyibanze cyumuringa.

B. yabyibushije insinga ihagaze bishoboka. Niba insinga yibanze ari inanutse cyane, ubutaka bwo hasi buzahinduka hamwe nimpinduka zubu, zizatera urwego rwikimenyetso cyibikoresho bya elegitoronike kugirango bihungabanye, kandi imikorere yo kurwanya urusaku izanangirika. Kubwibyo, menya ko buri gice kinini cyubu gikoresha imirongo yacapwe mugihe gito kandi yagutse ishoboka, kandi igura ubugari bwimbaraga nubutaka bushoboka. Nibyiza ko umurongo wubutaka ari umutware kuruta umurongo wamashanyarazi. Umubano wabo ni: Umurongo wubutaka> umurongo wububasha> umurongo wibimenyetso. Niba bishoboka, umurongo wubutaka ubugari bugomba kuba burenze 3mm, hamwe numwanya munini wumuringa urashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkinsinga yubutaka. Huza ahantu hadakoreshejwe ku kibaho cyacapwe kivuga nkinsinga zubutaka. Iyo ukoze kwisiga ku isi, amahame akurikira agomba no gukurikizwa:

. Icyerekezo cy'inyoni kigomba kuba gihuye nubuyobozi bwinyoni bwigishushanyo cyumuzunguruko, kuko ibipimo bitandukanye bisabwa kubuso bwo gusudira mugihe cyo kubyara. Kubwibyo, biroroshye kugenzura, gukemura no kubungabunga kumusaruro (Icyitonderwa: Bivuga mbere yo kubahiriza imikorere yumuzunguruko nibisabwa byimashini zose hamwe nimiterere yumurongo).

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(3) Umuzumburo wumuzuko utemewe mumuzunguruko wacapwe. Kumirongo ushobora kwambuka, urashobora gukoresha "gucukura" na "umuyaga" kugirango ubikemure. Ni ukuvuga, reka shore "ayobore" munsi yizindi barimo, ubushobozi, hamwe n'amapine ya triode, cyangwa "umuyaga" kuva ku mpera imwe ya kiyobowe. Mubihe byihariye, mbega ukuntu umuzenguruko utoroshye, wemerewe no koroshya igishushanyo mbonera. Koresha insinga kugirango ikiraro cyo gukemura ikibazo cyumuzunguruko. Kuberako inama mpapuro imwe yemejwe, ibigize kumurongo biri hejuru yubuso hejuru hamwe nibikoresho byo hejuru biherereye hejuru. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byumurongo birashobora guhuzagurika hamwe nibikoresho byo hejuru mugihe cyuzuye, ariko guhuzagura ibipadiri bigomba kwirindwa.

C. Kwinjiza hasi no hanze yubutaka kugirango hategure amashanyarazi ni voltage nkeya DC-DC. Niba ushaka gutanga ibitekerezo bisohoka mu mabwambere mu mutego, imizunguruko ku mpande zombi igomba kugira ubutaka bumwe bwo kurambika ku mpande zombi ku mpande zombi, bigomba guhuzwa hamwe kugirango bibeho.

5. Reba

Nyuma yo kwisiga irangiye, birakenewe witonze niba igishushanyo mbonera gihuye namategeko yatanzwe nuwashizeho ibishushanyo, kandi icyarimwe, birakenewe kandi kwemeza niba amategeko yashyizweho yujuje ibisabwa. Mubisanzwe reba umurongo numurongo, umurongo nibice Pad, umurongo wanyuze mu mwobo, ibice binyura mu mwobo, unyuze mu mwobo, kandi niba bahuye n'ibisabwa. Niba ubugari bwumurongo wamashanyarazi nu murongo wubutaka bukwiye, kandi niba hari aho wagura umurongo wubutaka muri PCB. Icyitonderwa: Amakosa amwe arashobora kwirengagizwa. Kurugero, igice cyurucacagu cyabahuza bashyizwe hanze yikadiri, kandi amakosa azabaho mugihe agenzura spacing; Byongeye kandi, igihe cyose insinga na Vas byahinduwe, umuringa ugomba kongera kwishyurwa.

6. Ongera urebe ukurikije "urutonde rwa PCB"

Ibirimo birimo amategeko agenga ibishushanyo, ibisobanuro, ubugari bwumurongo, intera, amapadiri, na ukoresheje igenamiterere. Ni ngombwa kandi gusuzuma gushyira mu gaciro imiterere y'ibikoresho, insinga y'imbaraga n'imiyoboro y'ubutaka, insinga n'ingabo y'imiyoboro yihuta, no gukinisha hamwe na cacums, nibindi.

7. Ibibazo bikeneye kwitaba no gusohoka dosiye ya gerber

a. Ibice bigomba kuba birimo ibisohoka birimo imyenda yo kwirambirwa (hepfo), urwego rwa silk (harimo na ecran ya silk), mask ya silk), guswera kwamazi), na dosiye yo hasi (ncdrill)
b. Mugihe ushyiraho ecran ya silik, ntuhitemo igice, hitamo igice cyo hejuru (hepfo) nurucacagu, inyandiko, umurongo, umurongo wikirere cya silk. Mugihe ushizeho igice cya buri kibuga, guhitamo urucacagu. Iyo ushizeho urwego rwa silk, ntuhitemo igice, hitamo urucacagu, inyandiko, umurongo.d of the layer (hepfo ya ecran ya elish. Iyo utanga amadosiye, koresha igenamiterere risanzwe rya Porowspcb kandi ntugire icyo uhindura.