Iyo uvuze ibyapa byumuzingo byacapwe, abashya bakunze kwitiranya "PCB schematics" na "PCB yerekana dosiye", ariko mubyukuri bivuga ibintu bitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yabo nurufunguzo rwo gukora neza PCBs, kugirango rero abitangira gukora ibi byiza, iyi ngingo izasenya itandukaniro ryingenzi riri hagati yimiterere ya PCB nigishushanyo cya PCB.
PCB ni iki
Mbere yo kwinjira mubitandukaniro hagati yubushakashatsi nigishushanyo, ni iki kigomba kumvikana ni PCB niki?
Mubusanzwe, hariho ibibaho byizunguruka byimbere mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, byitwa kandi imbaho zicapye. Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyicyatsi gikozwe mubyuma byagaciro bihuza ibice byose byamashanyarazi yibikoresho kandi bikabasha gukora mubisanzwe. Hatari PCB, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike ntibikora.
Igishushanyo cya PCB nigishushanyo cya PCB
Igishushanyo cya PCB nuburyo bworoshye bwibice bibiri byumuzunguruko byerekana imikorere nubusabane hagati yibice bitandukanye. Igishushanyo cya PCB ni imiterere-yuburyo butatu, kandi umwanya wibigize ugaragazwa nyuma yumuzunguruko wemejwe gukora bisanzwe.
Kubwibyo, igishushanyo cya PCB nigice cyambere cyo gushushanya ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe. Nibishushanyo mbonera bikoresha ibimenyetso byumvikanyweho kugirango bisobanure amasano azenguruka, haba muburyo bwanditse cyangwa muburyo bwamakuru. Irasaba kandi ibice gukoreshwa nuburyo bihujwe.
Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, igishushanyo cya PCB ni gahunda nigishushanyo mbonera. Ntabwo yerekana aho ibice bizashyirwa byumwihariko. Ahubwo, igishushanyo cyerekana uburyo PCB amaherezo izageraho ihuza kandi igize igice cyingenzi mubikorwa byo gutegura.
Igishushanyo mbonera kirangiye, intambwe ikurikira ni igishushanyo cya PCB. Igishushanyo nuburyo cyangwa imiterere igaragara ya PCB igishushanyo, harimo imiterere yumuringa wumuringa nu mwobo. Igishushanyo cya PCB cyerekana aho ibice byavuzwe haruguru bihuza n'umuringa.
Igishushanyo cya PCB nicyiciro kijyanye nimikorere. Ba injeniyeri bubatse ibice bifatika bashingiye ku gishushanyo cya PCB kugirango bashobore gusuzuma niba ibikoresho bikora neza. Nkuko twabivuze mbere, umuntu wese agomba kuba ashoboye kumva igishushanyo cya PCB, ariko ntibyoroshye kumva imikorere yacyo ureba prototype.
Nyuma yibi byiciro byombi birangiye, kandi unyuzwe nimikorere ya PCB, ugomba kubishyira mubikorwa binyuze mubakora.
Ibikoresho bya PCB
Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa neza itandukaniro riri hagati yibi byombi, reka turebe neza ibintu bigize igishushanyo cya PCB. Nkuko twabivuze, amasano yose aragaragara, ariko hariho caveats ugomba kuzirikana:
Kugirango ubashe kubona neza amasano, ntabwo yaremewe kurwego; mubishushanyo bya PCB, barashobora kuba hafi cyane
Amahuriro amwe arashobora kwambukirana, mubyukuri ntibishoboka
Amahuriro amwe arashobora kuba kuruhande rwimiterere, hamwe nikimenyetso cyerekana ko bahujwe
Iyi PCB “igishushanyo mbonera” irashobora gukoresha urupapuro rumwe, impapuro ebyiri cyangwa impapuro nkeya kugirango isobanure ibirimo byose bigomba gushyirwa mubishushanyo
Ikintu cya nyuma ugomba kumenya ni uko ibishushanyo mbonera byinshi bishobora guhurizwa hamwe nibikorwa kugirango tunonosore ibisomwa. Gutegura amahuza murubu buryo ntibizabaho murwego rukurikira, kandi ibishushanyo mubisanzwe ntabwo bihuye nigishushanyo cyanyuma cyicyitegererezo cya 3D.
Ibikoresho bya PCB
Ubu ni igihe cyo gucengera cyane mubintu bigize dosiye ya PCB. Kuri iki cyiciro, twavuye mubishushanyo mbonera byerekanwa muburyo bugaragara bwubatswe dukoresheje ibikoresho bya laminate cyangwa ceramic. Mugihe hagomba gukenerwa umwanya muto cyane, bimwe mubisabwa bigoye bisaba gukoresha PCB zoroshye.
Ibiri muri dosiye yububiko bwa PCB ikurikira igishushanyo mbonera cyashyizweho nigishushanyo mbonera, ariko, nkuko byavuzwe mbere, byombi biratandukanye cyane mubigaragara. Twaganiriye ku mibare ya PCB, ariko ni irihe tandukaniro rishobora kugaragara muri dosiye zishushanyije?
Iyo tuvuze kuri dosiye zishushanya PCB, tuba tuvuze moderi ya 3D, ikubiyemo ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe hamwe namadosiye yo gushushanya. Birashobora kuba igipande kimwe cyangwa ibice byinshi, nubwo ibice bibiri aribisanzwe. Turashobora kwitegereza itandukaniro riri hagati yimiterere ya PCB na dosiye ya PCB:
Ibigize byose bifite ubunini kandi bihagaze neza
Niba ingingo ebyiri zitagomba guhuzwa, zigomba kuzenguruka cyangwa guhinduranya urundi rwego rwa PCB kugirango birinde kwambukirana kumurongo umwe
Mubyongeyeho, nkuko twabivuze muri make, igishushanyo cya PCB cyita cyane kumikorere nyayo, kuko ibi ni murwego rwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Kuri iyi ngingo, ibikorwa byubushakashatsi bigomba gukora mubyukuri biza gukoreshwa, kandi ibisabwa kumubiri byubuyobozi bwumuzingo byacapwe bigomba gusuzumwa. Bimwe muribi birimo:
Nigute intera yibigize yemerera gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe buhagije
Abahuza kumpera
Kubyerekeranye nibibazo byubushyuhe nubushyuhe, burya ibimenyetso bitandukanye bigomba kuba binini
Kuberako imbogamizi zumubiri nibisabwa bivuze ko dosiye ya PCB isanzwe igaragara itandukanye cyane nigishushanyo mbonera, dosiye zishushanya zirimo ecran-icapye. Igice cya silike cyerekana inyuguti, imibare nibimenyetso kugirango bafashe injeniyeri guterana no gukoresha ikibaho.
Irasabwa gukora nkuko byateganijwe nyuma yuko ibice byose byakusanyirijwe ku kibaho cyacapwe. Niba atari byo, ugomba kongera gushushanya.
mu gusoza
Nubwo ibishushanyo bya PCB hamwe na dosiye yububiko bwa PCB bikunze kwitiranya, mubyukuri, gukora ibishushanyo bya PCB hamwe nigishushanyo cya PCB bivuga inzira ebyiri zitandukanye mugihe cyo gukora ikibaho cyacapwe. Igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB gishobora gushushanya inzira kigomba gukorwa mbere yuko igishushanyo cya PCB gishobora gukorwa, kandi igishushanyo cya PCB nigice cyingenzi cyo kumenya imikorere nubusugire bwa PCB.