Muburyo bwo gushushanya PCB, abajenjeri bamwe ntibashaka gushyira umuringa hejuru yubutaka bwose kugirango babone umwanya. Ibi nibyo? PCB igomba kuba ifite umuringa?
Mbere ya byose, dukeneye gusobanuka: isahani yumuringa yo hepfo ni ingirakamaro kandi irakenewe kuri PCB, ariko isahani y'umuringa ku kibaho cyose igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa.
Ibyiza byo kumuringa wo hasi
1. Urebye kuri EMC, ubuso bwose bwurwego rwo hasi bwuzuyeho umuringa, butanga ubundi buryo bwo gukingira no guhagarika urusaku kubimenyetso byimbere nibimenyetso byimbere. Muri icyo gihe, ifite kandi uburinzi runaka bwo gukingira ibikoresho n'ibimenyetso byihishe inyuma.
2. Duhereye ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kubera kwiyongera muri iki gihe ubwinshi bwubuyobozi bwa PCB, chip nkuru ya BGA nayo igomba gutekereza kubibazo byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe cyane. Ikibaho cyose cyumuzunguruko cyuzuyemo umuringa kugirango wongere ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa PCB.
3. Uhereye kubikorwa, ikibaho cyose cyuzuyemo umuringa kugirango ikibaho cya PCB kigabanuke. Kwunama kwa PCB no gukubita bigomba kwirindwa mugihe cyo gutunganya PCB no gukanda. Muri icyo gihe, imihangayiko iterwa no kugurisha PCB ntizaterwa numuringa utaringaniye. Urupapuro rwa PCB.
Kwibutsa: Kubibaho byububiko bubiri, birakenewe gutwikira umuringa
Ku ruhande rumwe, kubera ko ikibaho cyibice bibiri kidafite indege yuzuye, ubutaka bwa kaburimbo burashobora gutanga inzira yo kugaruka, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa nka coplanar yerekanwe kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kugenzura inzitizi. Turashobora gushira indege yubutaka kumurongo wo hasi, hanyuma tugashyira ibice byingenzi hamwe numurongo wamashanyarazi numurongo wibimenyetso kumurongo wo hejuru. Kumuzunguruko mwinshi, inzitizi zisa (analog-to-digitale ya sisitemu yo guhinduranya, guhinduranya-uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi), gusiga umuringa ni ingeso nziza.
Ibisabwa kugirango ushire umuringa hepfo
Nubwo igice cyo hasi cyumuringa kibereye PCB, iracyakeneye kubahiriza ibintu bimwe na bimwe:
1. Shyira byinshi bishoboka icyarimwe, ntugapfundikire icyarimwe, wirinde uruhu rwumuringa guturika, hanyuma wongere unyuze mumyobo kumurongo wubutaka bwumuringa.
Impamvu: Igice cyumuringa hejuru yubuso kigomba kumeneka no gusenywa nibice hamwe numurongo wibimenyetso kumurongo wubuso. Niba ifiriti y'umuringa idahagaze neza (cyane cyane ifu yoroheje kandi ndende y'umuringa ivunitse), izahinduka antenne kandi itere ibibazo bya EMI.
2. Reba uburinganire bwumuriro wibikoresho bito, cyane cyane udupaki duto, nka 0402 0603, kugirango wirinde ingaruka zikomeye.
Impamvu: Niba ikibaho cyose cyumuzunguruko cyometseho umuringa, umuringa wibikoresho bigize ibice bizahuzwa rwose nu muringa, bizatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka vuba, bizatera ingorane zo gusenyuka no gukora.
3. Guhagarika ikibaho cyose cyumuzunguruko wa PCB nibyiza guhoraho. Intera kuva ku butaka kugera ku kimenyetso igomba kugenzurwa kugirango wirinde guhagarara mu mbogamizi y'umurongo wohereza.
Impamvu: Urupapuro rwumuringa ruri hafi yubutaka ruzahindura inzitizi yumurongo wa microstrip, kandi urupapuro rwumuringa rudahagarara narwo ruzagira ingaruka mbi kumurongo woguhagarika.
4. Imanza zimwe zidasanzwe ziterwa nibisabwa. Igishushanyo cya PCB ntigomba kuba igishushanyo cyuzuye, ariko kigomba gupimwa no guhuzwa nibitekerezo bitandukanye.
Impamvu: Usibye ibimenyetso byoroshye bigomba gushingirwaho, niba hari imirongo myinshi yerekana ibimenyetso byihuta byihuta nibigize, umubare munini wumuringa muto kandi muremure uzavamo umuringa, kandi imiyoboro yinsinga irakomeye. Birakenewe kwirinda umwobo mwinshi wumuringa hejuru bishoboka kugirango uhuze nubutaka. Igice cyo hejuru gishobora kuba ikindi kitari umuringa.