1. Inzira yinyongera

Umuringa wumuringa ukoreshwa mugukura mu buryo butaziguye umurongo wa kiyobora waho hejuru yubutaka butayobora hamwe nubufasha bwinyongera.

Uburyo bwo kongeramo mubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko burashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwuzuye, igice cyongeweho hamwe nigice cyongeweho nubundi buryo butandukanye.

2. Inyuma, Indege

Nibyimbye (nka 0.093 ″, 0.125 ″) ikibaho cyumuzunguruko, gikoreshwa cyane mugucomeka no guhuza izindi mbaho. Ibi bikorwa mugushyiramo imiyoboro myinshi-pin mu mwobo ufunganye, ariko ntibigurishwa, hanyuma ugashiramo umwe umwe mumurongo wanyuzemo uhuza. Umuhuza arashobora kwinjizwa ukundi muburyo rusange bwumuzunguruko. Kubera iyi ni ikibaho kidasanzwe, 'cyanyuze mu mwobo ntigishobora kugurishwa, ariko reka urukuta rw'umwobo kandi ruyobore ikarita itaziguye ikoreshwa neza, bityo ubuziranenge bwayo hamwe na aperture birakenewe cyane, ubwinshi bwabyo ntabwo ari bwinshi, uruganda rwubuyobozi rusange. ntabwo ishaka kandi ntibyoroshye kwakira ubu bwoko, ariko byahindutse hafi murwego rwo hejuru rwinganda zihariye muri Amerika.

3. Kubaka inzira

Uyu ni umurima mushya wo gukora kubantu benshi cyane, kumurikirwa hakiri kare biva mubikorwa bya IBM SLC, mubikorwa by’ibigeragezo by’Ubuyapani Yasu byatangiye mu 1989, inzira ishingiye ku mbaho ​​gakondo ebyiri, kuva ibice byombi byo hanze byabanje ubuziranenge bwuzuye nka Probmer52 mbere yo gutwikisha amafoto yumubiri, nyuma yigice cyakomye kandi cyoroshye nko gukora ibirombe hamwe nigice gikurikiraho cyikigero kitagaragara "kumva umwobo wa optique" (Ifoto - Via), hanyuma kuri chimique yongerera imbaraga imiyoboro yumuringa nu muringa. layer, na nyuma yumurongo wo gushushanya no gutobora, birashobora kubona insinga nshya hamwe nu munsi wihuriro ryihishe umwobo cyangwa umwobo uhumye. Gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi bizatanga umubare ukenewe wibice. Ubu buryo ntibushobora kwirinda gusa ikiguzi gihenze cyo gucukura imashini, ariko kandi birashobora kugabanya umwobo wa diameter kugeza munsi ya 10mil. Mu myaka 5 ~ 6 ishize, ubwoko bwose bwo guca urwego gakondo bukoresha ikorana buhanga ryikurikiranya, mu nganda zi Burayi hasunitswe, gukora inzira ya BuildUp, ibicuruzwa bihari byashyizwe ku bwoko burenga 10. Usibye "amafoto yimyumvire"; Nyuma yo gukuraho igifuniko cy'umuringa hamwe n’imyobo, uburyo butandukanye bwa "mwobo wo gushiraho" nka alkaline chimique Etching, Laser Ablation, na Plasma Etching bifatwa kubisahani kama. Byongeye kandi, Resin Coated Copper Foil (Resin Coated Copper Foil) isize hamwe na resin ikomye cyane irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora isahani yoroheje, ntoya kandi yoroheje ibyapa byinshi hamwe na Lamination ikurikiranye. Mugihe kizaza, ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki bizahinduka ubu bwoko bworoshye kandi bugufi butandukanye.

4. Cermet

Ifu ya ceramic hamwe nifu yicyuma bivanze, hanyuma ibifatika byongeweho nkuburyo bwo gutwikira, bushobora gucapishwa hejuru yikibaho cyumuzunguruko (cyangwa igipande cyimbere) na firime yuzuye cyangwa firime yoroheje, nkumwanya wa "résistor", aho kugirango résistoriste yo hanze mugihe cyo guterana.

5. Gufatanya kurasa

Nibikorwa bya farashi ya Hybrid yumuzunguruko. Imirongo yumuzingi ya Thick Film Paste yibyuma bitandukanye byagaciro byacapwe hejuru yikibaho gito birasa ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Abatwara ibinyabuzima bitandukanye muri paste yuzuye ya firime barashya, hasigara imirongo yumurongo wicyuma cyagaciro kugirango ukoreshwe nkinsinga zo guhuza

6. Kwambuka

Ibice bitatu-byambukiranya insinga ebyiri hejuru yubuyobozi no kuzuza uburyo bwo gukingira hagati yibitonyanga byitwa. Mubisanzwe, ibara rimwe ryicyatsi kibisi wongeyeho karuboni ya firime, cyangwa uburyo bwa layer hejuru no munsi yinsinga ni "Crossover".

7. Inama ishinzwe

Irindi jambo ryibibaho byinshi, bikozwe mu nsinga zizengurutse zometse ku kibaho kandi zisobekeranye umwobo. Imikorere yubu bwoko bwa multiplex ikibaho mumurongo mwinshi wohereza umurongo iruta umurongo uringaniye ugizwe na PCB isanzwe.

8. Inzira ya DYCO

Nubusuwisi Dyconex isosiyete yateje imbere iyubakwa ryibikorwa i Zurich. Nuburyo bwa patenti bwo kuvanaho feza yumuringa kumwanya wibyobo hejuru yisahani, hanyuma ukabishyira ahantu hafunze icyuho, hanyuma ukuzuza CF4, N2, O2 kugirango ionize kuri voltage nini kugirango ikore Plasma ikora cyane , irashobora gukoreshwa mugukosora ibikoresho shingiro byimyanya isobekeranye no gutanga utwobo duto two kuyobora (munsi ya 10mil). Inzira yubucuruzi yitwa DYCOstrate.

9. Umufotozi wa Electro-Deposited

Amashanyarazi ya Photoresistance, electrophoretic Photoresistance nuburyo bushya bwubwubatsi bwa "photosensitive resistance", bwakoreshejwe muburyo bwo kwerekana ibintu bigoye byuma "irangi ryamashanyarazi", biherutse kwerekanwa mubikorwa bya "Photoresistance". Hifashishijwe amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ya colloidal yumuriro wa fotosensitif yumubyimba ushyizwe hamwe hejuru yumuringa wumuringa wikibaho cyumuzunguruko nkibibuza kuribwa. Kugeza ubu, yakoreshejwe mu gutanga umusaruro mwinshi mugikorwa cyo gutunganya umuringa utaziguye wa laminate y'imbere. Ubu bwoko bwa ED gufotora bushobora gushyirwa muri anode cyangwa cathode ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, bwitwa "anode Photoresist" na "cathode Photoresist". Ukurikije ihame ritandukanye ryamafoto, hariho "fotosensitif polymerisation" (Gukora nabi) na "kwangirika kwifoto" (Gukora neza) nubundi bwoko bubiri. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bubi bwa Photoresistance ya ED bwaracururizwaga, ariko burashobora gukoreshwa gusa nkumukozi urwanya planari. Kubera ingorane zo kwifotoza zinyuze mu mwobo, ntishobora gukoreshwa muguhindura amashusho ya plaque yo hanze. Kubijyanye na "positif ED", ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umukozi wo gufotora ku isahani yo hanze (bitewe na membrane yifotora, kutagira ingaruka zifotora ku rukuta rw'umwobo ntabwo bigira ingaruka), inganda z'Ubuyapani ziracyakomeza ingufu mu gucuruza imikoreshereze yumusaruro mwinshi, kugirango umusaruro wimirongo yoroheje ushobora kugerwaho byoroshye. Ijambo ryitwa kandi Photrothoretic Photoresist.

10. Umuyoboro

Nibibaho bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko uringaniye rwose muburyo bugaragara kandi ukanda imirongo yose yuyobora mu isahani. Imyitozo yumwanya wacyo umwe ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kohereza amashusho kugirango ugabanye igice cyumuringa wumuringa wubutaka hejuru yibibaho fatizo bikomye igice. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi bizaba umurongo wibibaho mu isahani ikomye, icyarimwe kugirango urangize imirimo yo gukomera isahani, mumurongo ugana hejuru hamwe ninama yumuzingi wose. Mubisanzwe, umuringa unanutse ushyizwe hejuru yumuzunguruko ushobora gukururwa kugirango nikel ya 0.3mil nikel, urwego rwa rodium ya santimetero 20, cyangwa zahabu ya santimetero 10 zishobora gushyirwaho kugirango bitange imbaraga zo guhura kandi byoroshye kunyerera mugihe cyo kunyerera . Nyamara, ubu buryo ntibukwiye gukoreshwa kuri PTH, kugirango wirinde umwobo guturika mugihe ukanze. Ntibyoroshye kugera ku buso bwuzuye neza, kandi ntibigomba gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, mugihe ibisigarira byagutse hanyuma bigasunika umurongo hanze. Azwi kandi nka Etchand-Push, Ubuyobozi bwarangiye bwitwa Flush-Bonded Board kandi burashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byihariye nka Rotary Switch na Wiping Contacts.

11. Frit

Muri firime ya Poly Thick (PTF) icapura, usibye imiti yicyuma yagaciro, haracyakenewe kongerwamo ifu yikirahure kugirango ikine ingaruka za kondegene hamwe no gufatira hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga, kugirango paste yo gucapa kuri Ceramic substrate yubusa irashobora gukora sisitemu ikomeye yicyuma cyumuzunguruko.

12. Inzira Yuzuye

Ari hejuru yurupapuro rwuzuye rwuzuye, nta electrodeposition yuburyo bwicyuma (igice kinini ni umuringa wimiti), gukura kwimyitozo yumuzunguruko watoranijwe, indi mvugo idakwiye rwose ni "Byuzuye amashanyarazi".

13. Imiyoboro ya Hybrid

Nibintu bito bito byoroshye, muburyo bwo gucapa kugirango ushyire kumurongo wino wicyuma cyiza cyane, hanyuma ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa wino yibinyabuzima byatwitswe, hasigara umurongo wumuyoboro hejuru, kandi birashobora gukora ibice bihuza ibice byo gusudira. Nubwoko bwumuzunguruko wa tekinoroji yubukorikori bwa firime hagati yumuzunguruko wacapwe hamwe na semiconductor igizwe nibikoresho byumuzunguruko. Mbere yakoreshwaga mu bikorwa bya gisirikare cyangwa inshuro nyinshi, Hybrid yazamutse cyane mu myaka yashize kubera igiciro cyayo kinini, igabanuka ry’ubushobozi bwa gisirikare, ndetse n’ingorane zo gukora mu buryo bwikora, ndetse no kwiyongera kwa miniaturizasiya ndetse n’ubuhanga bw’ibibaho by’umuzunguruko.

14. Interposer

Interposer bivuga ibice bibiri byabayobora bitwarwa numubiri wikingira uyobora wongeyeho ibintu byuzuza ahantu kugirango bikore. Kurugero, mu mwobo wambaye isahani igizwe n'abantu benshi, ibikoresho nko kuzuza ifeza ya feza cyangwa umuringa wumuringa kugirango usimbuze urukuta rwumuringa wa orthodox, cyangwa ibikoresho nka vertical unidirectional conductive rubber layer, byose ni interosers zubu bwoko.

15. Kwerekana amashusho ya Laser (LDI)

Nugukanda isahani yometse kuri firime yumye, ntukigikoreshe ibintu bibi kugirango wohereze amashusho, ahubwo aho gukoresha mudasobwa ya laser laser beam, muburyo butaziguye kuri firime yumye kugirango bisuzume byihuse amashusho yerekana amashusho. Urukuta rw'uruhande rwa firime yumye nyuma yo gufata amashusho ni verticale kuko urumuri rwasohotse ruringaniza urumuri rumwe rukomeye. Nyamara, uburyo bushobora gukora kuri buri kibaho kugiti cye, bityo umuvuduko mwinshi wihuta cyane kuruta gukoresha firime no kwerekana gakondo. LDI irashobora gutanga gusa imbaho ​​30 zubunini buringaniye kumasaha, birashobora rero rimwe na rimwe kugaragara mubyiciro byerekana impapuro cyangwa igiciro kinini. Bitewe nigiciro kinini cyo kuvuka, biragoye kuzamura mubikorwa

16.Laser Maching

Mu nganda za elegitoroniki, hari byinshi bitunganijwe neza, nko gukata, gucukura, gusudira, nibindi, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora ingufu zumucyo wa laser, bita uburyo bwo gutunganya laser. LASER yerekeza ku magambo ahinnye yiswe “Umucyo Amplification Stimulated Emission of Imirasire”, bisobanurwa ngo “LASER” n'inganda zo ku mugabane w'isi kubera ubusobanuro bwacyo ku buntu, kugeza aho bigeze. Laser yashinzwe mu 1959 n’umunyamerika w’umuhanga mu bya fiziki th moser, wakoresheje urumuri rumwe rwumucyo kugirango atange urumuri rwa Laser kuri rubavu. Imyaka yubushakashatsi yashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya. Usibye inganda za elegitoroniki, irashobora no gukoreshwa mubuvuzi na gisirikare

17. Ikibaho cya Micro

Ikibaho kidasanzwe cyumuzingi hamwe na PTH interlayer ihuza bizwi cyane nka MultiwireBoard. Iyo ubucucike bw'insinga buri hejuru cyane (160 ~ 250in / in2), ariko diameter y'insinga iba nto cyane (munsi ya 25mil), izwi kandi nk'ikibaho cyiziritse kuri micro.

18. Uruzitiro

Irimo gukoresha ibice bitatu, kora inshinge cyangwa uburyo bwo guhindura kugirango urangize inzira yumuzunguruko wa stereo, bita Molded circuit cyangwa Molded system connection circuit

19. Muliwiring Board (Discret Wiring Board)
Irimo gukoresha insinga yoroheje cyane, yometse hejuru yubusa idafite isahani yumuringa kugirango ibe ifite ibice bitatu-byambukiranya imipaka, hanyuma ikoresheje gutwikira umwobo uhamye kandi ugacukura, hanyuma ugashyiraho umwobo, ikibaho cy’imirongo myinshi ihuza imiyoboro, kizwi ku izina rya “ikibaho kinini ”. Ibi byakozwe na PCK, isosiyete y'Abanyamerika, kandi iracyakorwa na Hitachi hamwe na sosiyete y'Abayapani. Iyi MWB irashobora kubika umwanya mugushushanya kandi irakwiriye kumubare muto wimashini zifite imirongo igoye.

20. Icyuma cyiza

Nibishishwa byogucapisha firime zuzuye. Iyo icapishijwe kuri ceramic substrate ukoresheje ecran ya ecran, hanyuma umutwara kama ugatwikwa mubushyuhe bwinshi, umuzenguruko wicyuma uhoraho ugaragara. Ifu yicyuma ikora yongewe kuri paste igomba kuba icyuma cyiza kugirango wirinde gukora oxyde mubushyuhe bwinshi. Abakoresha ibicuruzwa bafite zahabu, platine, rhodium, palladium cyangwa ibindi byuma byagaciro.

21. Amapaki gusa

Mu minsi ya mbere y'ibikoresho byanyuze mu mwobo, imbaho ​​zimwe zizewe cyane zasize gusa umwobo hamwe nimpeta yo gusudira hanze yisahani hanyuma ihisha imirongo ihuza umurongo wo hasi kugirango harebwe ubushobozi bwo kugurisha n'umutekano wumurongo. Ubu bwoko bwibice bibiri byubuyobozi ntibuzacapurwa gusudira irangi ryatsi, muburyo bwo kwitabwaho bidasanzwe, kugenzura ubuziranenge birakomeye.

Kugeza ubu kubera ubwinshi bwinsinga ziyongera, ibicuruzwa byinshi bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa (nka terefone igendanwa), ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gihura na SMT yo kugurisha gusa cyangwa imirongo mike, hamwe no guhuza imirongo yuzuye murwego rwimbere, interlayer nayo iragoye kugeza ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro yamenetse umwobo uhumye cyangwa umwobo uhumye "gupfuka" (Pads-On-Hole), nkumuhuza kugirango ugabanye umwobo wose hamwe na voltage nini yangiritse hejuru yumuringa, isahani ya SMT nayo ni Pads Gusa Board

22. Filime Yibyibushye (PTF)

Nibikoresho byiza byacapishijwe ibyuma bikoreshwa mugukora imizunguruko, cyangwa paste yo gucapa ikora firime yo guhangana, kuri ceramic substrate, hamwe no gucapa ecran hamwe no gutwika ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Iyo umutwaro kama utwitswe, hashyizweho sisitemu yumuzunguruko wizunguruka. Isahani nkiyi ikunze kwitwa imiyoboro ya Hybrid.

23. Inzira Yongeyeho

Ni ukwerekana ku bikoresho fatizo byo gukumira, gukura umuzenguruko ukenera mbere na mbere n'umuringa wa shimi, guhindura nanone umuringa wa electroplate bisobanura gukomeza kubyimba ubutaha, bita "Semi-Additive" inzira.

Niba uburyo bwa muringa bwa chimique bwakoreshejwe kumurongo wose, inzira yitwa "kwiyongera kwose". Menya ko ibisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru biva kuri * ibisobanuro ipc-t-50e byasohotse muri Nyakanga 1992, bitandukanye na ipc-t-50d y'umwimerere (Ugushyingo 1988). “D verisiyo ya mbere”, nkuko bisanzwe bizwi mu nganda, yerekeza kuri substrate yambaye ubusa, idatwara, cyangwa ifu y'umuringa yoroheje (nka 1 / 4oz cyangwa 1 / 8oz). Ihererekanyabubasha ryibintu bibi birwanya ubukana byateguwe kandi umuzenguruko ukenewe ubyimbye n'umuringa wa shimi cyangwa umuringa. 50E nshya ntabwo ivuga ijambo "umuringa muto". Ikinyuranyo hagati yamagambo yombi ni kinini, kandi ibitekerezo byabasomyi bisa nkaho byahindutse hamwe na The Times.

24.Uburyo bukurikira

Nubuso bwubutaka bwaho bwo gukuraho umuringa udafite umumaro, uburyo bwumuzunguruko buzwi nka "kugabanya uburyo", nuburyo bukuru bwumuzunguruko kumyaka myinshi. Ibi bitandukanye nuburyo "bwo kongeramo" bwo kongeramo imirongo yumuringa wumuringa kuri substrate idafite umuringa.

25. Umuzunguruko wa firime

PTF (Polymer Thick Film Paste), irimo ibyuma byagaciro, byacapishijwe kuri ceramic substrate (nka aluminium trioxide) hanyuma ikarasa ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugirango sisitemu yumuzunguruko hamwe nuyobora ibyuma, ibyo bita "umuzunguruko wa firime". Nubwoko buto bwa Hybrid. Silver Paste Jumper kumurongo umwe PCBS nayo ni icapiro rya firime yuzuye ariko ntikeneye kwirukanwa mubushyuhe bwinshi. Imirongo yacapishijwe hejuru yubutaka butandukanye yitwa "firime yuzuye" gusa iyo umubyimba urenze 0.1mm [4mil], naho ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora "sisitemu yumuzunguruko" ryitwa "tekinoroji ya firime".

26. Ikoranabuhanga rito
Numuyoboro nuyoboro uhuza bifatanye na substrate, aho ubunini buri munsi ya 0.1mm ikoranabuhanga rya firime ”. Ibicuruzwa bifatika bifite uruziga ruto rwa Hybrid Uruziga na Thin Film Yuzuzanya, nibindi

27. Kwimura Inzira ya Laminatied

Nuburyo bushya bwo gukora imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko, ukoresheje uburebure bwa 93mil bwatunganijwe neza isahani yicyuma idafite icyuma, banza ukore ibishushanyo mbonera bya firime yumye, hanyuma umurongo wihuta wumuringa. Nyuma yo kwiyambura firime yumye, hejuru yicyuma kitagira ibyuma birashobora gukanda ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugeza kuri firime ikomye. Noneho ukureho icyuma kidafite ingese, urashobora kubona ubuso bwumuzingi uringaniye washyizwemo ikibaho cyumuzunguruko. Irashobora gukurikirwa no gucukura no gufata ibyobo kugirango ibone guhuza imiyoboro.

CC - 4 y'umuringa4; Edelectro-yashizwemo nabafotora nuburyo bwuzuye bwongeweho bwateguwe nisosiyete yabanyamerika PCK kubutaka bwihariye butagira umuringa (reba ingingo idasanzwe ku nomero ya 47 yikinyamakuru cyamakuru cyamakuru cyamakuru kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye) .Ibirwanya amashanyarazi IVH (Interstitial Via Hole); MLC. PTF. Umurongo wo gutwikira hejuru ni tekinolojiya mishya yasohowe na laboratoire ya IBM Yasu, mu Buyapani muri Kamena 1993. Ni umurongo uhuza ibice byinshi uhuza umurongo wa Curtain Coating irangi ryatsi hamwe n’umuringa wa electroplating umuringa hanze y’isahani y’impande ebyiri, bikuraho ibikenewe. gucukura no gushyiramo umwobo ku isahani.