Kubikoresho bya elegitoronike, ubushyuhe runaka butangwa mugihe gikora, kuburyo ubushyuhe bwimbere bwibikoresho buzamuka vuba. Niba ubushyuhe butagabanijwe mugihe, ibikoresho bizakomeza gushyuha, kandi ibikoresho bizananirana kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubwizerwe bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike Imikorere izagabanuka.
Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gufata neza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko. Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwumuzunguruko wa PCB ni ihuriro ryingenzi, none ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko wa PCB, reka tubiganireho hepfo.
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Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe binyuze mu kibaho cya PCB ubwacyo Ubu imbaho za PCB zikoreshwa cyane ni umuringa wambaye umuringa / epoxy ibirahuri by'ibirahure cyangwa imyenda y'ibirahure ya fenolike, kandi hakoreshwa impapuro nkeya zishingiye ku mbaho.
Nubwo iyi substrate ifite ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi nibitunganywa, bifite ubushyuhe buke. Nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kubice bishyushya cyane, ntibishoboka ko umuntu yitega ubushyuhe buturutse kuri resin ya PCB ubwayo kugira ngo ikore ubushyuhe, ariko ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe hejuru yikintu ikagera mu kirere gikikije.
Nyamara, nkuko ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byinjiye mugihe cya miniaturizasi yibigize, kwishyiriraho cyane, no guteranya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ntibihagije kwishingikiriza hejuru yikintu gifite ubuso buto cyane kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke.
Muri icyo gihe, kubera ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibikoresho byo hejuru nka QFP na BGA, ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa nibice byimurirwa kubuyobozi bwa PCB. Kubwibyo, inzira nziza yo gukemura ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe nukuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa PCB ubwayo, ihura neza nubushyuhe, binyuze mubuyobozi bwa PCB. Kiyobora cyangwa kumurika.
Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gufata neza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko. Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwumuzunguruko wa PCB ni ihuriro ryingenzi, none ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko wa PCB, reka tubiganireho hepfo.
01
Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe binyuze mu kibaho cya PCB ubwacyo Ubu imbaho za PCB zikoreshwa cyane ni umuringa wambaye umuringa / epoxy ibirahuri by'ibirahure cyangwa imyenda y'ibirahure ya fenolike, kandi hakoreshwa impapuro nkeya zishingiye ku mbaho.
Nubwo iyi substrate ifite ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi nibitunganywa, bifite ubushyuhe buke. Nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kubice bishyushya cyane, ntibishoboka ko umuntu yitega ubushyuhe buturutse kuri resin ya PCB ubwayo kugira ngo ikore ubushyuhe, ariko ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe hejuru yikintu ikagera mu kirere gikikije.
Nyamara, nkuko ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byinjiye mugihe cya miniaturizasi yibigize, kwishyiriraho cyane, no guteranya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ntibihagije kwishingikiriza hejuru yikintu gifite ubuso buto cyane kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke.
Muri icyo gihe, kubera ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibikoresho byo hejuru nka QFP na BGA, ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa nibice byimurirwa kubuyobozi bwa PCB. Kubwibyo, inzira nziza yo gukemura ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe nukuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa PCB ubwayo, ihura neza nubushyuhe, binyuze mubuyobozi bwa PCB. Kiyobora cyangwa kumurika.
Iyo umwuka utemba, burigihe bikunda gutembera ahantu hafite imbaraga nke, mugihe rero ugenera ibikoresho kurubaho rwacapwe, irinde gusiga ikirere kinini ahantu runaka. Iboneza ryibicapo byinshi byacapwe mumashini yose bigomba no kwitondera ikibazo kimwe.
Igikoresho cyumva ubushyuhe gishyirwa neza mubushuhe buke (nko munsi yigikoresho). Ntuzigere ubishyira hejuru yicyuma gishyushya. Nibyiza gutitira ibikoresho byinshi kumurongo utambitse.
Shira ibikoresho hamwe nimbaraga zikoreshwa cyane hamwe nubushyuhe hafi yumwanya mwiza wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Ntugashyire ibikoresho bishyushya cyane ku mfuruka no ku mpande zegeranye z'ikibaho cyacapwe, keretse niba hashyizweho icyuma gishyuha hafi yacyo.
Mugihe ushushanya imbaraga zirwanya imbaraga, hitamo igikoresho kinini gishoboka, kandi ukore umwanya uhagije wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mugihe uhinduye imiterere yibibaho byacapwe.
Ibice byinshi bitanga ubushyuhe wongeyeho imirasire hamwe namasahani atwara ubushyuhe. Iyo umubare muto wibigize muri PCB ubyara ubushyuhe bwinshi (munsi ya 3), icyuma gishyushya cyangwa umuyoboro wubushyuhe urashobora kongerwaho mubice bitanga ubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe budashobora kugabanuka, burashobora gukoreshwa Imirasire hamwe numufana kugirango byongere imbaraga zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Iyo umubare wibikoresho byo gushyushya ari byinshi (birenze 3), hashobora gukoreshwa igifuniko kinini cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe (ikibaho), kikaba ari icyuma cyihariye cyihariye cyashizweho ukurikije umwanya nuburebure bwibikoresho bishyushya kuri PCB cyangwa igorofa nini ubushyuhe bwo gucamo Kata ibice bitandukanye byuburebure. Igifuniko cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe gipfundikijwe hejuru yikintu, kandi gihuza buri kintu kugirango kigabanye ubushyuhe.
Nyamara, ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ntabwo ari nziza bitewe nuburebure buke bwuburebure mugihe cyo guterana no gusudira ibice. Mubisanzwe, icyiciro cyoroheje cyumuriro uhindura ubushyuhe bwumuriro wongeyeho hejuru yikintu kugirango utezimbere ubushyuhe.
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Kubikoresho bifata ubukonje bwa convection yubusa, nibyiza gutondekanya imirongo ihuriweho (cyangwa ibindi bikoresho) uhagaritse cyangwa utambitse.
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Emera igishushanyo mbonera cyiza kugirango umenye ubushyuhe. Kuberako ibisigazwa biri mu isahani bifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, kandi imirongo yumuringa wumuringa nu mwobo nibyiza bitwara ubushyuhe, kongera igipimo gisigaye cyumuringa wumuringa no kongera umwobo utwara ubushyuhe nuburyo nyamukuru bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Kugirango dusuzume ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa PCB, birakenewe kubara ibingana nubushyuhe buringaniye (icyenda eq) cyibikoresho bigize ibikoresho bigizwe nibikoresho bitandukanye bifite ubushyuhe butandukanye-insimburangingo ya PCB.
Ibigize ku kibaho kimwe cyacapwe bigomba gutondekwa uko bishoboka kwose ukurikije agaciro ka calorificateur hamwe nurwego rwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bifite agaciro gake cyane cyangwa kutarwanya ubushyuhe buke (nka transistor ntoya yerekana ibimenyetso, imiyoboro mito mito ihuriweho, imiyoboro ya electrolytike, nibindi) igomba gushyirwa mukirere gikonje. Imigezi yo hejuru cyane (ku bwinjiriro), ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bunini cyangwa birwanya ubushyuhe (nka transistoriste yamashanyarazi, imiyoboro minini ihuriweho, nibindi) bishyirwa kumurongo wimbere wumuyaga ukonje.
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Mu cyerekezo gitambitse, ibikoresho-byimbaraga nyinshi bitunganijwe hafi yuruhande rwibibaho byacapwe bishoboka kugirango bigabanye inzira yo kohereza ubushyuhe; mu cyerekezo gihagaritse, ibikoresho-byimbaraga nyinshi byateguwe hafi bishoboka hejuru yurubaho rwacapwe kugirango bigabanye ingaruka zibi bikoresho kubushyuhe bwibindi bikoresho. .
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Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwibibaho byacapwe mubikoresho ahanini bishingiye ku kirere, bityo inzira yo gutembera mu kirere igomba kwigwa mugihe cyashushanyaga, kandi igikoresho cyangwa ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe kigomba gushyirwaho muburyo bukwiye.
Iyo umwuka utemba, burigihe bikunda gutembera ahantu hafite imbaraga nke, mugihe rero ugenera ibikoresho kurubaho rwacapwe, irinde gusiga ikirere kinini ahantu runaka.
Iboneza ryibicapo byinshi byacapwe mumashini yose bigomba no kwitondera ikibazo kimwe.
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Igikoresho cyumva ubushyuhe gishyirwa neza mubushuhe buke (nko munsi yigikoresho). Ntuzigere ubishyira hejuru yicyuma gishyushya. Nibyiza gutitira ibikoresho byinshi kumurongo utambitse.
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Shira ibikoresho hamwe nimbaraga zikoreshwa cyane hamwe nubushyuhe hafi yumwanya mwiza wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Ntugashyire ibikoresho bishyushya cyane ku mfuruka no ku mpande zegeranye z'ikibaho cyacapwe, keretse niba hashyizweho icyuma gishyuha hafi yacyo. Mugihe ushushanya imbaraga zirwanya imbaraga, hitamo igikoresho kinini gishoboka, kandi ukore umwanya uhagije wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mugihe uhinduye imiterere yibibaho byacapwe.