Uhereye kubisubizo byibizamini byibicuruzwa bitandukanye, usanga iyi ESD ari ikizamini cyingenzi: niba ikibaho cyumuzunguruko kidakozwe neza, mugihe amashanyarazi ahamye yatangijwe, bizatera ibicuruzwa guhanuka cyangwa kwangiza ibice. Mubihe byashize, nabonye gusa ko ESD yangiza ibice, ariko sinari niteze kwita cyane kubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.

ESD nicyo dukunze kwita gusohora Electro-Static. Duhereye ku bumenyi bwize, birashobora kumenyekana ko amashanyarazi ahamye ari ibintu bisanzwe, mubisanzwe biterwa no guhura, guterana amagambo, kwinjiza hagati yibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibindi. Irangwa no kwirundanyiriza igihe kirekire hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi (bishobora kubyara volt ibihumbi cyangwa ndetse ibihumbi icumi bya volt yumuriro wamashanyarazi)), imbaraga nke, amashanyarazi make nigihe gito cyibikorwa. Kubicuruzwa bya elegitoronike, niba igishushanyo cya ESD kidakozwe neza, imikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’amashanyarazi usanga bidahinduka cyangwa byangiritse.

Uburyo bubiri busanzwe bukoreshwa mugihe ukora ibizamini byo gusohora ESD: gusohora amakuru no gusohora umwuka.

Gusohora kwa konti ni ugusohora ibikoresho mu buryo butaziguye; gusohora umwuka byitwa kandi gusohora mu buryo butaziguye, biterwa no guhuza imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi hamwe n’umuzingi uriho. Ikizamini cya voltage yibi bizamini byombi ni 2KV-8KV, kandi ibisabwa biratandukanye mubice bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, mbere yo gushushanya, tugomba mbere na mbere kumenya isoko ryibicuruzwa.

Ibihe bibiri byavuzwe haruguru ni ibizamini byibanze kubikoresho bya elegitoronike bidashobora gukora kubera amashanyarazi yumubiri wumuntu cyangwa izindi mpamvu mugihe umubiri wumuntu uhuye nibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki. Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana imibare yubushyuhe bwikirere bwakarere kamwe mumezi atandukanye yumwaka. Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo ko Lasvegas ifite ubuhehere buke mu mwaka. Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike muri kano karere bigomba kwita cyane kurinda ESD.

Imiterere yubushuhe iratandukanye mubice bitandukanye byisi, ariko icyarimwe mukarere, niba ubuhehere bwikirere butameze kimwe, amashanyarazi ahamye nayo aratandukanye. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira namakuru yakusanyirijwe hamwe, aho dushobora kubona ko amashanyarazi ahamye yiyongera uko ubuhehere bwikirere bugabanuka. Ibi kandi birasobanura mu buryo butaziguye impamvu ituma ikirere gihinduka mugihe cyo gukuramo swater mu gihe cyamajyaruguru ari kinini cyane. “

Ko amashanyarazi ahamye ari akaga gakomeye, twayirinda dute? Mugihe dushushanya kurinda electrostatike, mubisanzwe tuyigabanyamo intambwe eshatu: kubuza amafaranga yo hanze gutembera mukibaho cyumuzunguruko no kwangiza; irinde imirima ya magnetiki yo hanze kwangiza ikibaho cyumuzunguruko; irinde kwangirika kumashanyarazi.

Mubishushanyo mbonera byumuzunguruko, tuzakoresha bumwe cyangwa bwinshi muburyo bukurikira bwo kurinda amashanyarazi:

1

Avalanche diode yo kurinda electrostatike
Ubu kandi nuburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mugushushanya. Uburyo busanzwe nuguhuza diode ya avalanche kubutaka buringaniye kumurongo wingenzi wibimenyetso. Ubu buryo ni ugukoresha diode ya avalanche kugirango isubize vuba kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhagarika clamping, ishobora gukoresha ingufu za voltage nyinshi mugihe gito kugirango irinde ikibaho cyumuzunguruko.

2

Koresha ubushobozi bwa voltage nyinshi kugirango urinde uruziga
Muri ubu buryo, ubushobozi bwa ceramic hamwe na voltage ishobora kwihanganira byibuze 1.5KV mubisanzwe bishyirwa mubihuza I / O cyangwa umwanya wikimenyetso cyingenzi, kandi umurongo uhuza ni mugufi bishoboka kugirango ugabanye inductance yibihuza. umurongo. Niba ikoreshwa rya capacitor ifite ingufu nke zidashobora gukoreshwa, bizatera kwangirika kandi bitakaza uburinzi.

3

Koresha amasaro ya ferrite kugirango ukingire uruziga
Isaro rya Ferrite irashobora guhuza neza na ESD neza, kandi irashobora no guhagarika imirasire. Iyo uhuye nibibazo bibiri, isaro ya ferrite ni amahitamo meza cyane.

4

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya icyuho
Ubu buryo bugaragara mubice. Uburyo bwihariye nugukoresha umuringa wa mpandeshatu hamwe ninama zahujwe hamwe kumurongo wa microstrip umurongo ugizwe numuringa. Impera imwe yumuringa wa mpandeshatu ihujwe numurongo wibimenyetso, indi ni umuringa wa mpandeshatu. Ihuze n'ubutaka. Iyo hari amashanyarazi ahamye, bizatanga umusaruro ushimishije kandi bitwara ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

5

Koresha LC muyunguruzi uburyo bwo kurinda uruziga
Akayunguruzo kagizwe na LC karashobora kugabanya neza amashanyarazi yumuriro mwinshi winjira mukuzunguruka. Inductive reaction iranga inductor ninziza mukubuza inshuro nyinshi ESD kwinjira mukuzunguruka, mugihe capacitor ihagarika ingufu zumuvuduko mwinshi wa ESD hasi. Muri icyo gihe, ubu bwoko bwa filteri burashobora kandi koroshya inkombe yikimenyetso no kugabanya ingaruka za RF, kandi imikorere yarushijeho kunozwa mubijyanye nuburinganire bwibimenyetso.

6

Ikibaho kinini cyo kurinda ESD
Iyo amafaranga yemerewe, guhitamo ikibaho kinini nuburyo bwiza bwo gukumira ESD. Mu kibaho kinini, kubera ko hari indege yuzuye yubutaka yegereye inzira, ibi birashobora gutuma couple ya ESD igera ku ndege ntoya yihuta, hanyuma ikarinda uruhare rwibimenyetso byingenzi.

7

Uburyo bwo gusiga bande ikingira kuri peripheri y amategeko arengera umuzunguruko
Ubu buryo nubusanzwe gushushanya ibizunguruka byumuzunguruko utarinze gusudira. Mugihe ibintu byemewe, huza inzira kumazu. Muri icyo gihe, twakagombye kumenya ko ibimenyetso bidashobora gukora uruziga rufunze, kugirango bidakora antenne yumuzingi kandi bitera ibibazo byinshi.

8

Koresha ibikoresho bya CMOS cyangwa ibikoresho bya TTL hamwe na diode zifata kugirango urinde umuziki
Ubu buryo bukoresha ihame ryo kwigunga kugirango urinde ikibaho cyumuzunguruko. Kuberako ibyo bikoresho birinzwe no gufunga diode, ubunini bwibishushanyo bigabanuka muburyo nyabwo bwumuzunguruko.

9

Koresha ubushobozi bwa decoupling
Ubushobozi bwa decoupling capacator bugomba kuba bufite agaciro ka ESL na ESR. Kuri ESD nkeya, ubushobozi bwa decoupling capacator bugabanya umwanya wa loop. Bitewe n'ingaruka za ESL yayo, imikorere ya electrolyte iracogora, ishobora gushungura neza ingufu zumurongo mwinshi. .

Muri make, nubwo ESD iteye ubwoba ndetse ishobora no kuzana ingaruka zikomeye, ariko nukurinda ingufu numurongo wibimenyetso kumuzunguruko birashobora kubuza neza umuyoboro wa ESD gutembera muri PCB. Muri bo, shobuja yakundaga kuvuga ko “gushingira ku kibaho ari umwami”. Nizere ko iyi nteruro ishobora no kukuzanira ingaruka zo kumena skylight.