Kunanirwa guterwa no kwangirika kwa capacitori nibyo hejuru cyane mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kandi kwangiza ubushobozi bwa electrolytike nibyo bisanzwe. Imikorere yangirika ya capacitor nuburyo bukurikira:

1. Ubushobozi buba buto; 2. Gutakaza ubushobozi bwuzuye; 3. Kumeneka; 4. Inzira ngufi.

Imashini zifite uruhare rutandukanye mukuzunguruka, kandi amakosa batera afite ibiyiranga. Mu mbaho ​​zishinzwe kugenzura inganda, imiyoboro ya sisitemu igizwe na benshi, kandi capacator zikoreshwa cyane mu kuyungurura amashanyarazi, kandi ubushobozi buke bukoreshwa mu guhuza ibimenyetso no kuzunguruka. Niba capacitori ya electrolytique ikoreshwa mugutanga amashanyarazi yangiritse, amashanyarazi yo guhinduranya ntashobora kunyeganyega, kandi ntamashanyarazi asohoka; cyangwa ibisohoka voltage ntayungururwa neza, kandi umuzunguruko urimo akajagari kubera ihungabana rya voltage, byerekana ko imashini ikora neza cyangwa ivunitse Ntakibazo imashini, niba capacitor ihujwe hagati yinkingi nziza nibibi bitanga amashanyarazi. y'umuzunguruko wa digitale, amakosa azaba ameze nkuko byavuzwe haruguru.

Ibi biragaragara cyane cyane kububiko bwa mudasobwa. Mudasobwa nyinshi rimwe na rimwe zananirwa gufungura nyuma yimyaka mike, kandi rimwe na rimwe zirashobora gufungura. Fungura urubanza, urashobora kubona kenshi phenomenon ya electrolytike capacator zogosha, niba ukuyemo ubushobozi bwo gupima ubushobozi, Byabonetse ko biri munsi yagaciro keza.

Ubuzima bwa capacitori bufitanye isano itaziguye nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri hejuru, bigufi ubuzima bwa capacitor. Iri tegeko ntirikoreshwa gusa kuri capacitori ya electrolytique, ariko no mubindi bikoresho. Kubwibyo, mugihe ushakisha ubushobozi buke, ugomba kwibanda mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwa hafi yubushyuhe, nka capacator kuruhande rwubushyuhe hamwe nibikoresho byinshi. Iyo wegereye, niko bishoboka cyane ko byangirika.

Nakosoye amashanyarazi ya X-ray inenge. Umukoresha yatangaje ko umwotsi wavuye mu mashanyarazi. Nyuma yo gusenya urubanza, byagaragaye ko hari capacitor nini ya 1000uF / 350V ifite ibintu bisize amavuta. Kuraho umubare runaka wubushobozi Ni uF mirongo gusa, kandi ugasanga iyi capacitor yonyine niyo yegereye ubushyuhe bwikiraro cyikiraro gikosora, naho izindi ziri kure ntizifite ubushobozi busanzwe. Byongeye kandi, imashanyarazi ya ceramic yari ifite umuzenguruko mugufi, kandi wasangaga ubushobozi bwa hafi busa nubushuhe. Kubwibyo, hagomba kubaho kwibandwaho mugihe cyo kugenzura no gusana.

Ubushobozi bumwe na bumwe bufite umuvuduko ukabije, ndetse ugatwika amaboko mugihe ukoraho intoki zawe. Ubu bwoko bwa capacitori bugomba gusimburwa.
Kubijyanye no kuzamuka no kumanuka mugihe cyo kubungabunga, usibye ko bishoboka guhura nabi, ibyananiranye ahanini biterwa no kwangirika kwa capacitor. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhuye nikunanirwa, urashobora kwibanda mugusuzuma ubushobozi. Nyuma yo gusimbuza ubushobozi, akenshi biratangaje (birumvikana ko ugomba no kwitondera ubwiza bwa capacator, hanyuma ugahitamo ikirango cyiza, nka Ruby, Black Diamond, nibindi).

1. Ibiranga no guca imanza zangiritse

Bikunze kugaragara ko abatangiye benshi barimo guterera kuri résistance mugihe basana uruziga, kandi rugasenywa rukanasudwa. Mubyukuri, yarasanwe cyane. Mugihe usobanukiwe ibyangiritse biranga kurwanywa, ntukeneye kumara umwanya munini.

Kurwanya nikintu kinini mubikoresho byamashanyarazi, ariko ntabwo aricyo kintu gifite igipimo cyangiritse cyane. Gufungura umuzunguruko nubwoko busanzwe bwo kwangirika. Ntibisanzwe ko agaciro ko guhangana kaba nini, kandi agaciro ko guhangana kaba nto. Mubisanzwe harimo ibyuma birwanya karubone, ibyuma birwanya ibyuma, ibyuma bikomeretsa insinga hamwe n’ubwishingizi.

Ubwoko bubiri bwa mbere bwurwanya ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane. Kimwe mu biranga ibyangiritse ni uko igipimo cy’ibyangiritse cyo kurwanya bike (munsi ya 100Ω) no guhangana cyane (hejuru ya 100kΩ) ari hejuru, kandi agaciro kangana hagati (nka ohm amagana kugeza kuri kilohms icumi) Kwangirika gake cyane; Icya kabiri, iyo résistoriste nkeya yangiritse, akenshi irashya kandi ikirabura, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kuyibona, mugihe irwanya-résistance yangirika gake.

Kurwanya Wirewound muri rusange bikoreshwa mukugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi kurwanya ntabwo ari binini. Iyo insinga ya silindrike irwanya umuriro, bamwe bazahinduka umukara cyangwa hejuru igaturika cyangwa igacika, kandi bamwe ntibazagira ibimenyetso. Kurwanya sima ni ubwoko bwurugingo rukomeretsa insinga, rushobora kumeneka iyo rwatwitse, bitabaye ibyo ntihazagaragara ibimenyetso bigaragara. Iyo rezistor ya fuse yaka, igice cyuruhu kizaturika hejuru yubutaka bumwe, kandi bamwe ntibafite ibimenyetso, ariko ntibizigera bitwika cyangwa ngo bihinduke umukara. Ukurikije ibiranga haruguru, urashobora kwibanda mugusuzuma ibyangiritse hanyuma ukabona vuba ibyangiritse.

Dukurikije ibiranga byavuzwe haruguru, turashobora kubanza kureba niba abarwanya-buke buke ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko batwitse ibimenyetso byirabura, hanyuma dukurikije ibiranga ko benshi mubarwanya bafunguye cyangwa abarwanya bakaba banini kandi bakarwanya cyane. byangiritse byoroshye. Turashobora gukoresha multimeter kugirango dupime mu buryo butaziguye kurwanywa kumpande zombi zumurwanya-mwinshi kurubaho. Niba ibipimo byapimwe biruta ibyo kurwanywa kwizina, kurwanywa bigomba kwangirika (menya ko guhangana bihamye mbere yo kwerekanwa Mu gusoza, kubera ko hashobora kuba ibintu bifitanye isano na capacitifike mumuzunguruko, hariho uburyo bwo kwishyuza no gusohora), niba ibipimo byapimwe ni bito kurenza kurwanya nominal, muri rusange birengagizwa. Muri ubu buryo, buri rugamba ruri ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko rwongeye gupimwa, kabone niyo igihumbi "cyicwa nabi", umuntu ntazabura.

Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo guca imanza bwa amplifier ikora

Biragoye kumenya ireme ryibikorwa byongera ibikorwa byinshi kubasana ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ntabwo urwego rwuburezi gusa (hari abanyeshuri benshi barangije amashuri yisumbuye, niba utigisha, rwose ntibazabikora, bizatwara igihe kirekire kubyumva, harahari idasanzwe Kimwe nukuri kubanyeshuri barangije bafite abarimu biga kugenzura inverter!), ndashaka kuganira nawe hano, kandi nizere ko bizafasha buriwese.

Ibikorwa byiza byongera imbaraga bifite ibiranga "virtual short" na "virtual break", ibi bintu bibiri biranga ingirakamaro cyane mu gusesengura imikorere ya amplifier yumurongo wa porogaramu ikoreshwa. Kugirango tumenye neza umurongo, op amp igomba gukora mumuzinga ufunze (ibitekerezo bibi). Niba nta bitekerezo bibi, op amp munsi yugurura-loop amplification ihinduka igereranya. Niba ushaka kumenya ubuziranenge bwibikoresho, ugomba kubanza gutandukanya niba igikoresho gikoreshwa nka amplifier cyangwa igereranya mukuzunguruka.