PCB yuzuye dutekereza mubisanzwe ni imiterere y'urukiramende. Nubwo ibishushanyo byinshi mubyukuri ari urukiramende, ibishushanyo byinshi bisaba imbaho zumuzingi zidasanzwe, kandi imiterere nkiyi ntabwo yoroshye kuyishushanya. Iyi ngingo isobanura uburyo bwo gukora PCBs idasanzwe.
Muri iki gihe, ingano ya PCB ihora igabanuka, kandi imirimo mu kibaho cy’umuzunguruko nayo iriyongera. Ufatanije no kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'isaha, igishushanyo kiba kinini kandi gikomeye. Noneho, reka turebe uko twakemura imbaho zumuzingi zifite imiterere igoye.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1, imiterere yoroshye yubuyobozi bwa PCI irashobora gushirwaho byoroshye mubikoresho byinshi bya EDA.
Ariko, mugihe imiterere yinzira yumuzunguruko igomba guhuzwa nurusobekerane rugoye hamwe nuburebure bwuburebure, ntabwo byoroshye cyane kubashushanya PCB, kuko imikorere muribi bikoresho ntabwo ihwanye nubwa sisitemu ya CAD ya mashini. Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyerekanwe mubishushanyo cya 2 gikoreshwa cyane cyane mubirindiro bitagira ibisasu bityo bikaba bigarukira kubikoresho byinshi. Kubaka aya makuru mubikoresho bya EDA birashobora gufata igihe kirekire kandi ntabwo ari byiza. Kuberako, injeniyeri yubukanishi birashoboka ko yaremye uruzitiro, imiterere yumuzunguruko, aho umwobo uherereye, hamwe nuburebure bwuburebure busabwa nuwashizeho PCB.
Bitewe na arc na radiyo mubibaho byumuzunguruko, igihe cyo kwiyubaka gishobora kuba kirekire kuruta uko byari byitezwe nubwo imiterere yumuzunguruko utagoranye (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3).
Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa zuburyo bwimiterere yumuzingi. Nyamara, uhereye kumunsi wibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi, uzatungurwa no kubona ko imishinga myinshi igerageza kongeramo imirimo yose mumapaki mato, kandi iyi paki ntabwo buri gihe ari urukiramende. Ugomba kubanza gutekereza kuri terefone na tableti, ariko hariho ingero nyinshi zisa.
Niba usubije imodoka yakodeshaga, urashobora kubona umusereri asoma amakuru yimodoka hamwe na scaneri y'intoki, hanyuma akavugana na biro mu buryo butemewe. Igikoresho nacyo gihujwe na printer yumuriro kugirango icapwe ryihuse. Mubyukuri, ibyo bikoresho byose bikoresha imbaho zumuzingi zikomeye / zoroshye (Igicapo 4), aho imbaho gakondo za PCB zuzuzanya nizunguruka zoroshye zoroshye kugirango zishobore kuzingirwa mumwanya muto.
Noneho, ikibazo ni "uburyo bwo gutumiza ibikoresho bya tekinike byasobanuwe mubikoresho bya PCB?" Gukoresha aya makuru mubishushanyo mbonera birashobora gukuraho kwigana akazi, kandi cyane cyane, gukuraho amakosa yabantu.
Turashobora gukoresha imiterere ya DXF, IDF cyangwa ProSTEP kugirango twinjize amakuru yose muri software ya PCB Layout kugirango dukemure iki kibazo. Kubikora birashobora kubika umwanya munini no gukuraho amakosa ashoboka yabantu. Ibikurikira, tuziga kuri format imwe imwe.
DXF nuburyo bwa kera kandi bukoreshwa cyane, buhana cyane cyane amakuru hagati yubukanishi bwa PCB na PCB hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. AutoCAD yateje imbere mu ntangiriro ya za 1980. Iyi miterere ikoreshwa cyane cyane muburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru. Benshi mubacuruza ibikoresho bya PCB bashyigikira iyi format, kandi byoroshya guhana amakuru. DXF itumiza / kohereza hanze bisaba imirimo yinyongera yo kugenzura ibice, ibice bitandukanye nibice bizakoreshwa muguhana. Igishushanyo 5 ni urugero rwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya PADS ya Mentor Graphics yo gutumiza imiterere yumuzunguruko utoroshye cyane muburyo bwa DXF:
Mu myaka mike ishize, imikorere ya 3D yatangiye kugaragara mubikoresho bya PCB, bityo format ishobora kohereza amakuru ya 3D hagati yimashini nibikoresho bya PCB irakenewe. Nkigisubizo, Mentor Graphics yateje imbere imiterere ya IDF, icyo gihe yakoreshwaga cyane mu kohereza ikibaho cyumuzunguruko namakuru yibigize hagati ya PCB nibikoresho bya mashini.
Nubwo imiterere ya DXF ikubiyemo ubunini bwikibaho nubunini, imiterere ya IDF ikoresha imyanya X na Y yibigize, umubare wibigize, hamwe nuburebure bwa Z-axis yibigize. Iyi format itezimbere cyane ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvisha PCB muburyo butatu. Idosiye ya IDF irashobora kandi gushiramo andi makuru yerekeye agace kabujijwe, nko kugabanya uburebure hejuru no hepfo yubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko.
Sisitemu igomba kuba ishobora kugenzura ibiri muri dosiye ya IDF muburyo busa nigenamiterere rya DXF, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6. Niba ibice bimwe bidafite amakuru maremare, IDF yohereza hanze irashobora kongeramo amakuru yabuze mugihe cyo kurema inzira.
Iyindi nyungu yimiterere ya IDF nuko impande zombi zishobora kwimura ibice ahantu hashya cyangwa guhindura imiterere yubuyobozi, hanyuma igakora dosiye itandukanye ya IDF. Ingaruka zubu buryo nuko dosiye yose ihagarariye ikibaho nimpinduka zigomba kongera gutumizwa mu mahanga, kandi hamwe na hamwe, bishobora gufata igihe kirekire bitewe nubunini bwa dosiye. Mubyongeyeho, biragoye kumenya impinduka zakozwe hamwe na dosiye nshya ya IDF, cyane cyane kubibaho binini byumuzunguruko. Abakoresha IDF amaherezo barashobora gukora inyandiko zabigenewe kugirango bamenye izo mpinduka.
Kugirango wohereze neza amakuru ya 3D, abashushanya bashaka uburyo bunoze, kandi imiterere ya STEP yabayeho. Imiterere ya STEP irashobora kwerekana ubunini bwibibaho hamwe nimiterere yibigize, ariko cyane cyane, ibice ntibikiri imiterere yoroshye ifite agaciro gusa. Moderi yibigize STEP itanga ibisobanuro birambuye kandi bigoye byerekana ibice muburyo butatu. Byombi byumuzunguruko hamwe nibisobanuro birashobora kwimurwa hagati ya PCB n'imashini. Ariko, haracyari uburyo bwo gukurikirana impinduka.
Kugirango tunoze guhanahana amadosiye ya STEP, twatangije imiterere ya ProSTEP. Iyi format irashobora kwimura amakuru amwe na IDF na STEP, kandi ifite iterambere ryinshi-irashobora gukurikirana impinduka, kandi irashobora kandi gutanga ubushobozi bwo gukora muri sisitemu yumwimerere yibisobanuro no gusuzuma impinduka zose nyuma yo gushyiraho ibyingenzi. Usibye kureba impinduka, PCB naba injeniyeri barashobora kandi kwemeza impinduka zose cyangwa ibice bigize ibice byahinduwe muburyo bwimiterere. Barashobora kandi gutanga ibitekerezo bitandukanye byubunini cyangwa ibibanza bigize. Iri tumanaho ryanoze rishyiraho ECO (Ingengabihe yo Guhindura Ingengabihe) itigeze ibaho mbere ya ECAD nitsinda ryumukanishi (Ishusho 7).
Uyu munsi, sisitemu nyinshi za ECAD hamwe nubukanishi bwa CAD zishyigikira ikoreshwa ryimiterere ya ProSTEP mugutezimbere itumanaho, bityo bigatwara umwanya munini kandi bikagabanya amakosa ahenze ashobora guterwa nigishushanyo mbonera cya elegitoroniki. Icy'ingenzi cyane, injeniyeri zirashobora gukora imiterere yumuzunguruko igoye hamwe nibindi byongeweho, hanyuma ikohereza aya makuru kuri elegitoronike kugirango wirinde umuntu gusobanura nabi ingano yubuyobozi, bityo bigatwara igihe.
Niba utarakoresheje ubu buryo bwa DXF, IDF, STEP cyangwa ProSTEP kugirango uhanahana amakuru, ugomba kugenzura imikoreshereze yabyo. Tekereza gukoresha ubu buryo bwa elegitoronike kugirango uhagarike guta igihe kugirango wongere ugire imiterere yumuzunguruko.