Kurwanya-kwivanga ni ihuriro ryingenzi muburyo bugezweho bwumuzunguruko, bugaragaza neza imikorere nubwizerwe bwa sisitemu yose. Kubashakashatsi ba PCB, igishushanyo cyo kurwanya interineti nicyo kintu cyingenzi kandi kigoye buri wese agomba kumenya.
Kubaho kwivanga mubuyobozi bwa PCB
Mu bushakashatsi nyabwo, usanga hari ibintu bine byingenzi bibangamira igishushanyo cya PCB: urusaku rwo gutanga amashanyarazi, guhuza imiyoboro, guhuza no guhuza amashanyarazi (EMI).
1. Urusaku rwo gutanga amashanyarazi
Mumuzunguruko mwinshi, urusaku rwamashanyarazi rufite ingaruka zigaragara cyane kubimenyetso byihuta. Kubwibyo, icyifuzo cya mbere cyo gutanga amashanyarazi ni urusaku ruke. Hano, ubutaka busukuye nibyingenzi nkisoko yingufu zisukuye.
2. Umurongo w'itumanaho
Hariho ubwoko bubiri gusa bwo kohereza imirongo ishoboka muri PCB: umurongo wa strip n'umurongo wa microwave. Ikibazo kinini kumirongo yohereza ni ukugaragaza. Gutekereza bizatera ibibazo byinshi. Kurugero, ibimenyetso byumutwaro bizaba superpression yikimenyetso cyumwimerere hamwe na echo yerekana, bizongera ingorane zo gusesengura ibimenyetso; gutekereza bizatera igihombo (kugaruka kugaruka), bizagira ingaruka kubimenyetso. Ingaruka nizo zikomeye nkiziterwa no kongera urusaku rwivanga.
3. Gushyingiranwa
Ikimenyetso cyo kwivanga cyakozwe ninkomoko yimbogamizi gitera electromagnetic kwivanga kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga binyuze mumurongo runaka. Uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa ntakindi kirenze gukora kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga hifashishijwe insinga, umwanya, imirongo isanzwe, nibindi. Isesengura ririmo ubwoko bukurikira: guhuza bitaziguye, guhuza inzitizi rusange, guhuza imbaraga, guhuza amashanyarazi, guhuza imirasire, guhuza imirasire, n'ibindi
4. Kwivanga kwa electronique (EMI)
Kwivanga kwa electromagnetique EMI ifite ubwoko bubiri: ikorwa ryivanga hamwe nimirasire. Kwivanga kwakozwe bivuga guhuza (intervention) yibimenyetso kumurongo umwe w'amashanyarazi kurindi rusobe rw'amashanyarazi binyuze mumashanyarazi. Imirasire yimirase bivuga guhuza inkomoko guhuza (intervention) ikimenyetso cyayo kurundi rusobe rwamashanyarazi binyuze mumwanya. Muburyo bwihuse PCB hamwe na sisitemu ya sisitemu, imirongo yumurongo wumurongo mwinshi, imiyoboro yumuzunguruko ihuriweho, imiyoboro itandukanye, nibindi bishobora guhinduka inkomoko yimirasire yimirasire hamwe na antenna iranga, ishobora gusohora imiraba ya electronique kandi ikagira ingaruka kubindi sisitemu cyangwa izindi sisitemu muri sisitemu. akazi gasanzwe.
Ingamba za PCB hamwe n’umuzunguruko
Igishushanyo cyo kurwanya jamming cyicapiro ryumuzingo wacapwe gifitanye isano rya hafi numuzunguruko wihariye. Ibikurikira, tuzakora ibisobanuro gusa kubikorwa byinshi bisanzwe byubushakashatsi bwa PCB anti-jamming.
1. Igishushanyo cy'umugozi w'amashanyarazi
Ukurikije ubunini bwicapiro ryumuzunguruko wacapwe, gerageza kongera ubugari bwumurongo wamashanyarazi kugirango ugabanye guhangana. Muri icyo gihe, kora icyerekezo cyumurongo wamashanyarazi numurongo wubutaka ujyanye nicyerekezo cyo kohereza amakuru, bifasha kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urusaku.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera
Tandukanya ubutaka bwa digitale nubutaka bwikigereranyo. Niba hari ibice byombi byuzuzanya hamwe numurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumuzunguruko, bigomba gutandukana bishoboka. Ubutaka bwumuzunguruko muto bugomba guhagarikwa kuburinganire kumwanya umwe bishoboka. Iyo insinga nyirizina igoye, irashobora guhuzwa igice murukurikirane hanyuma igahagarara muburyo bubangikanye. Umuzunguruko mwinshi ugomba guhagarara ahantu henshi mukurikirane, insinga zubutaka zigomba kuba ngufi kandi zibyimbye, hamwe na gride imeze nka gride nini yubutaka bugomba gukoreshwa hafi yumurongo mwinshi.
Umugozi wubutaka ugomba kuba mwinshi bishoboka. Niba umurongo muto cyane ukoreshwa kumurongo winsinga, imbaraga zishobora guhinduka hamwe nubu, bigabanya urusaku rwurusaku. Kubwibyo, insinga zubutaka zigomba kuba ndende kugirango zishobore kunyura inshuro eshatu zemewe kumurongo wacapwe. Niba bishoboka, insinga y'ubutaka igomba kuba hejuru ya 2 ~ 3mm.
Umugozi wubutaka ukora umugozi ufunze. Kubibaho byacapwe bigizwe gusa numuzunguruko wa digitale, igice kinini cyumuzingi wacyo gitondekanye mumirongo kugirango urusheho guhangana n urusaku.
3. Gukuramo ubushobozi bwa capacitor
Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gushushanya PCB ni ugushiraho ubushobozi bwo gukuramo ubushobozi kuri buri gice cyingenzi cyibibaho.
Amahame rusange yimiterere yo gukuramo ubushobozi ni:
① Huza capacitor ya 10 ~ 100uf ya electrolytike yinjiza amashanyarazi. Niba bishoboka, nibyiza guhuza 100uF cyangwa byinshi.
PrincipleMu ihame, buri chip yumuzingi ihuriweho igomba kuba ifite capacitor ya 0.01pF ceramic. Niba icyuho cyibibaho cyacapwe kidahagije, capacitor ya 1-10pF irashobora gutegurwa kuri buri chip 4 ~ 8.
OrKu bikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya urusaku nimpinduka nini zamashanyarazi iyo zizimye, nka RAM nububiko bwa ROM, capacitor ya decoupling igomba guhuzwa hagati yumurongo wamashanyarazi numurongo wubutaka wa chip.
LeadIcyuma cya capacitori ntigomba kuba ndende cyane, cyane cyane umuvuduko mwinshi wa bypass capacitor ntugomba kugira icyerekezo.
4. Uburyo bwo kuvanaho amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike mugushushanya PCB
①Gabanya ibizunguruka: Buri muzingo uhwanye na antenne, bityo rero dukeneye kugabanya umubare wibizunguruka, ubuso bwumuzingi n'ingaruka za antenne yumuzingi. Menya neza ko ikimenyetso gifite inzira imwe gusa yo guhinduranya ahantu hose, wirinde ibihimbano, kandi ugerageze gukoresha ingufu.
②Gushungura: Gushungura birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye EMI haba kumurongo w'amashanyarazi no kumurongo wibimenyetso. Hariho uburyo butatu: gukuramo ubushobozi, gushungura EMI, hamwe nibikoresho bya magneti.
Shield.
④ Gerageza kugabanya umuvuduko wibikoresho byihuta cyane.
⑤ Kongera dielectric ihoraho yubuyobozi bwa PCB birashobora kubuza ibice byumuvuduko mwinshi nkumurongo wogukwirakwiza wegereye ikibaho kumurika hanze; kongera umubyimba wibibaho bya PCB no kugabanya umubyimba wumurongo wa microstrip birashobora kubuza insinga ya electromagnetic kurengerwa kandi ikanarinda imirasire.