PCB.Kuberako ikorwa nicapiro rya elegitoroniki, ryitwa "icapiro" ryumuzunguruko.
Mbere ya PCBS, imizunguruko yari igizwe nu nsinga.Ubwizerwe bwubu buryo buri hasi cyane, kuko uko uruziga rugenda rusaza, guturika kumurongo bizatera umurongo node kumeneka cyangwa mugufi.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji niterambere ryinshi mubuhanga bwumuzunguruko, butezimbere uburebure nubushobozi busimburwa bwumurongo muguhinduranya insinga ntoya ya diameter ikikije inkingi aho ihurira.
Mugihe inganda za elegitoroniki zagiye ziva mu miyoboro ya vacuum no kwerekeza kuri semiconductor ya silicon hamwe n’umuzunguruko, ingano nigiciro cyibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nabyo byagabanutse.Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bigenda bigaragara murwego rwabaguzi, bigatuma ababikora bashaka ibisubizo bito kandi bihendutse.Rero, PCB yavutse.
Uburyo bwo gukora PCB
Umusaruro wa PCB uragoye cyane, ufata urugero rwibice bine byacapwe nkurugero, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro burimo ahanini imiterere ya PCB, umusaruro wibibaho, kwimura imiterere ya PCB imbere, gucukura imbaho no kugenzura, kumurika, gucukura, gucukura umwobo umuringa wimvura , kwimura imiterere ya PCB yo hanze, hanze ya PCB hamwe nizindi ntambwe.
1, imiterere ya PCB
Intambwe yambere mubikorwa bya PCB nugutegura no kugenzura Imiterere ya PCB.Uruganda rukora PCB rwakira amadosiye ya CAD muri sosiyete ishushanya PCB, kandi kubera ko buri software ya CAD ifite imiterere yihariye ya dosiye, uruganda rwa PCB ruyihindura muburyo bumwe - Yaguwe na Gerber RS-274X cyangwa Gerber X2.Noneho injeniyeri wuruganda azagenzura niba imiterere ya PCB ijyanye nibikorwa kandi niba hari inenge nibindi bibazo.
2, umusaruro wibyapa
Sukura isahani yambaye umuringa, niba hari umukungugu, irashobora kuganisha kumurongo wanyuma cyangwa kumeneka.
PCB igizwe na 8: mubyukuri ikozwe mubisahani 3 bikozwe mu muringa (plaque yibanze) hiyongereyeho firime 2 z'umuringa, hanyuma bigahuzwa n'amabati yakize.Ibicuruzwa byakurikiranye bitangirira ku isahani yo hagati (ibice 4 cyangwa 5 byumurongo), kandi bigahora byegeranye hamwe hanyuma bigashyirwaho.Umusaruro wa PCB igizwe na 4 irasa, ariko ikoresha ikibaho 1 cyibanze na firime 2 zumuringa.
3, kwimura imiterere ya PCB imbere
Ubwa mbere, ibice bibiri byubuyobozi bukuru (Core) bikozwe.Nyuma yo gukora isuku, isahani yambaye umuringa itwikiriwe na firime yerekana amafoto.Filime irakomera iyo ihuye nurumuri, ikora firime ikingira hejuru yumuringa wumuringa wanditseho umuringa.
Filime yuburyo bubiri bwa PCB hamwe na plaque ebyiri zometseho umuringa amaherezo zinjizwa muri firime yo hejuru ya PCB imiterere kugirango barebe ko hejuru no hepfo ya firime ya PCB yashyizwe neza.
Sensitizer irasa firime yunvikana kumuringa wumuringa hamwe nigitara cya UV.Munsi ya firime ibonerana, firime yunvikana irakira, kandi munsi ya firime idasobanutse, haracyari firime yoroheje yakize.Umuringa wumuringa utwikiriye munsi ya firime yakize yumvikanisha numurongo wa PCB usabwa, ibyo bikaba bihwanye nuruhare rwa wino ya printer ya laser yo gukoresha intoki PCB.
Hanyuma firime idafite ibyiyumvo idasukuye isukuwe na lye, kandi umurongo ukenewe wumuringa usabwa uzashyirwa kuri firime yakize.
Umuringa udakenewe uhita ushyirwa hamwe na alkali ikomeye, nka NaOH.
Kuraho firime yakize yerekana amafoto yumuringa ukenewe kumurongo wa PCB.
4, gucukura isahani yibanze no kugenzura
Isahani yibanze yakozwe neza.Noneho kanda umwobo uhuye mumasahani yibanze kugirango woroshye guhuza nibindi bikoresho bikurikiraho
Iyo ikibaho cyibanze kimaze gukanda hamwe nizindi nzego za PCB, ntishobora guhinduka, kugenzura rero ni ngombwa.Imashini izahita igereranya nigishushanyo cya PCB kugirango igenzure amakosa.
5. Laminate
Hano harakenewe ibikoresho bishya byitwa sem-curing urupapuro birakenewe, aribyo bifata hagati yibibaho byibanze hamwe ninama yibanze (PCB layer numero> 4), hamwe ninama yibanze hamwe na fayili yo hanze, kandi ikanabigiramo uruhare Bya.
Umuringa wo hasi wumuringa hamwe nibice bibiri byurupapuro rwakize byashyizwe mumwobo uhuza hamwe nicyapa cyo hasi cyicyuma mbere, hanyuma isahani yibanze ikozwe nayo igashyirwa mumwobo uhuza, hanyuma amaherezo ibice bibiri byigice cyakize urupapuro, igipande cyumuringa wumuringa hamwe nicyapa cya aluminiyumu yomekwa hejuru yisahani yibanze.
Ikibaho cya PCB gifatanye namasahani yicyuma gishyirwa kumurongo, hanyuma cyoherezwa mumashanyarazi ashyushye kugirango acane.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa vacuum bushyushye bushonga epoxy resin kurupapuro rwakize, ifata amasahani yibanze hamwe na fayili y'umuringa hamwe nigitutu.
Nyuma yo kumurika birangiye, kura isahani yo hejuru hejuru ukanda PCB.Hanyuma isahani ya aluminiyumu ikuweho, hanyuma isahani ya aluminiyumu nayo ifite inshingano zo gutandukanya PCBS zitandukanye no kureba ko umuringa wumuringa uri kumurongo wa PCB woroshye.Muri iki gihe, impande zombi za PCB zavanywemo zizaba zipfundikijwe n'urupapuro rw'umuringa woroshye.
6. Gucukura
Kugirango uhuze ibice bine byumuringa udahuza na PCB hamwe, banza utobore perforasi hejuru no hepfo kugirango ufungure PCB, hanyuma ushyire mubyuma umwobo kugirango ukore amashanyarazi.
Imashini yo gucukura X-ray ikoreshwa mugushakisha ikibaho cyimbere, kandi imashini izahita ibona kandi ibone umwobo kurubaho rwibanze, hanyuma ikubite umwobo uhagaze kuri PCB kugirango umenye neza ko ubutaha buzakurikira hagati. umwobo.
Shira igipapuro cya aluminiyumu kumashini ya punch hanyuma ushireho PCB.Kugirango tunoze imikorere, ikibaho cya PCB 1 kugeza kuri 3 bizashyirwa hamwe kugirango bitobore ukurikije umubare wa PCB.Hanyuma, igipande cya plaque ya aluminiyumu gitwikiriye hejuru ya PCB, kandi hejuru no hepfo ya plaque ya aluminiyumu kugirango mugihe iyo myitozo ya drill irimo gucukura no gucukura, ifu yumuringa kuri PCB ntizashwanyagurika.
Muburyo bwambere bwo kumurika, resin yashonze epoxy resin yakubiswe hanze ya PCB, bityo igomba gukurwaho.Imashini isya imashini igabanya impande zose za PCB ukurikije imirongo ya XY ikwiye.
7. Imvura yimiti yumuringa kurukuta rwa pore
Kubera ko hafi ya byose PCB ishushanya ikoresha perforasi kugirango ihuze ibice bitandukanye byinsinga, guhuza kwiza bisaba firime ya micron 25 yumuringa kurukuta.Ubu bunini bwa firime y'umuringa bugomba kugerwaho hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, ariko urukuta rw'umwobo rugizwe na epoxy resin idakora neza hamwe n'ikibaho cya fiberglass.
Kubwibyo rero, intambwe yambere ni ugukusanya ibintu byayobora kurukuta rwumwobo, hanyuma ugakora firime ya micron 1 yumuringa hejuru ya PCB yose, harimo nurukuta rwumwobo, ukoresheje imiti.Inzira yose, nko kuvura imiti no kuyisukura, igenzurwa na mashini.
PCB ihamye
Sukura PCB
Kohereza PCB
8, kwimura imiterere ya PCB yo hanze
Ibikurikira, imiterere ya PCB yo hanze izimurirwa kumuringa wumuringa, kandi inzira irasa nihame ryimbere yimbere yimbere ya PCB yoherejwe, aribwo gukoresha firime ya fotokopi hamwe na firime yoroheje kugirango yimure imiterere ya PCB kumuringa wumuringa, gusa itandukaniro nuko film nziza izakoreshwa nkubuyobozi.
Imbere ya PCB yimurwa yimikorere ikoresha uburyo bwo gukuramo, na firime mbi ikoreshwa nkibibaho.PCB itwikiriwe na firime ifotora ihamye kumurongo, gusukura firime yifoto idafunze, kwerekana umuringa wumuringa ugaragara, umurongo wa PCB urinzwe na firime ifotora ikomeye hanyuma ibumoso.
Iyimurwa rya PCB yo hanze ikoresha uburyo busanzwe, kandi firime nziza ikoreshwa nkubuyobozi.PCB itwikiriwe na firime yakize yumvikanisha agace katari kumurongo.Nyuma yo gukora isuku ya firime idafite amafoto, amashanyarazi arakorwa.Iyo hari firime, ntishobora gushyirwaho amashanyarazi, kandi aho nta firime ihari, yashizwemo umuringa hanyuma amabati.Iyo firime imaze gukurwaho, hakorwa alkaline etching, hanyuma amabati akurwaho.Imiterere yumurongo isigaye ku kibaho kuko irinzwe na tin.
Funga PCB hanyuma ushireho amashanyarazi umuringa.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, kugirango tumenye neza ko umwobo ufite imiyoboro ihagije, firime y'umuringa ikozwe n'amashanyarazi ku rukuta rw'umwobo igomba kuba ifite umubyimba wa microni 25, bityo sisitemu yose igahita igenzurwa na mudasobwa kugira ngo isuzume neza.
9, hanze ya PCB
Igikorwa cyo gutobora noneho kirangizwa numuyoboro wuzuye wuzuye.Mbere ya byose, firime yakize yifotoza yakira ku kibaho cya PCB isukuwe.Icyo gihe cyogejwe hamwe na alkali ikomeye kugirango ikureho ifu yumuringa idakenewe itwikiriwe.Noneho kura amabati hejuru yumurongo wa PCB umuringa wumuti wumuti.Nyuma yo gukora isuku, imiterere ya 4-PCB yuzuye.