PCB (Ihuriro ry'umuzunguruko), izina ry'Ubushinwa ryitwa Inama y'umuzunguruko, rizwi kandi ku bijyanye n'inama y'umuzunguruko, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cya elegitoroniki, ni urwego rushyigikiwe n'ibigize ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kuberako ikozwe na elegitoronike yo gucapa, yitwa "byacapwe".
Mbere ya PCBs, imizunguruko yari ikozwe mumwanya-kugeza-point. Kwizerwa k'ubu buryo hasi cyane, kuko nkumuzunguruko umaze imyaka, guturika umurongo bizatera umurongo node kugirango ucike cyangwa ngufi. Ikoranabuhanga rya Wire WindIng ni iterambere ryinshi muri tekinoroji yumuzunguruko, itezimbere ubushobozi bwumurongo nukugirana umurongo muto wa diameter insinga.
Nkuko inganda za elegitoroniki zahindutse imiyoboro ya vacuum kandi zishingiye kuri simicon semiconduct na silicon semiconduct hamwe numuzunguruko uhujwe, ingano nigiciro cyibigize elegitoroniki naragabanutse. Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bigenda bigaragara cyane mumurenge wabaguzi, bituma abakora bashakisha ibisubizo bito kandi bihagaritse. Gutyo, PCB yavutse.
Gukora ibicuruzwa bya PCB
Umusaruro wa PCB uragoye cyane, ufata akanama gashya kacapwe nk'urugero, umusaruro wacyo utanga amalakurwe, imiyoboro y'ibanze, imiyoboro y'imbere, umpongo yimbere.
1, imiterere ya PCB
Intambwe yambere mumusaruro wa PCB nugutegura no kugenzura imiterere ya PCB. Uruganda rwa PCB rwakira dosiye ya CAD muri sosiyete ya PCB Igishushanyo, kandi kuva buri software ya CAD ifite imiterere yubusanzwe, uruganda rwa PCB rubahindura imiterere ihuriweho - yaguye cyangwa 274x cyangwa gerber x2. Noneho injeniyeri wuruganda ruzagenzura niba imiterere ya PCB ihuye nibikorwa byumwanzuro kandi niba hari inenge nibindi bibazo.
2, umusaruro wa plate
Sukura isahani yambaye umuringa, niba hari umukungugu, birashobora kuganisha kumuzunguruko wanyuma wumuzunguruko cyangwa kuruhuka.
PCB 8 PCB: Mubyukuri ikozwe mubisahani 3 yimyenda (ibyapa byibanze) wongeyeho firime 2 z'umuringa, hanyuma uhuza impapuro zakarenga. Umusaruro ukurikirana utangirira kuri plate yibanze (ibice 4 cyangwa 5 byimirongo), kandi bigahora bireba hamwe hanyuma bikakosorwa. Umusaruro wa 4-layer PCB isa, ariko ikoresha gusa Inama 1 yibanze na firime 2 z'umuringa.
3, Ihererekanyabubasha rya PCB
Ubwa mbere, ibice byombi byinama nkuru nkuru (Core). Nyuma yo gukora isuku, isahani ya copper yambaye imyenda yuzuye film. Filime irakomera iyo ihuye numucyo, ikora firime ikingira hejuru yumuringa wisahani yambaye umuringa.
Filime ebyiri pcb imiterere ya film hamwe nisahani ebyiri z'umuringa yamenetse yinjijwe muri film yo hejuru ya PCB kugirango umenye neza ko hejuru kandi yo hasi ya firime yo hejuru ya PCB ishyizwemo neza.
Sentistizer ikomeje firime yunvikana kumuringa hamwe na UV itara rya UV. Munsi ya firime ibonerana, film yoroshye irakizwa, kandi munsi ya firime idasanzwe, haracyari film yoroheje. Umuringa wuzuye munsi ya firime ya choto yakize ni umurongo wa PCB usabwa PCB, bihwanye nuruhare rwa Printer ya laser wino ya PCB.
Noneho film yo gufotora itajegajwe isukurwa na Lye, hamwe numurongo wa file usabwa uzaba ufunzwe na firime ya fpit ya yakize.
Ihuriro ry'umuringa udashaka noneho risohoka hamwe na alkali ikomeye, nka Nahh.
Shira firime yakize kugirango ugaragaze umuringa wa file usabwa mumirongo ya PCB.
4, gushushanya plaque no kugenzura
Isahani yibanze yakozwe neza. Noneho punch umwobo uhuye muri plati yibanze kugirango woroshye guhuza nibindi bikoresho fatizo
Ikibaho cyibanze kimaze gukandamizwa hamwe nibindi bice bya PCB, ntibishobora guhinduka, ubugenzuzi ni ngombwa cyane. Imashini izahita igereranya hamwe nigishushanyo cya PCB kugirango urebe amakosa.
5. Kubura
Hano ibikoresho bishya byifatizo byitwa urupapuro rwa kabiri bukenewe, bukaba bushingiye ku kibaho cyibanze n'ikibaho cya Core (PCB Layer Umubare w'Inganda n'umuringa wo hanze, kandi kandi ukina uruhare rwo kwishyuza.
Umuringa wo hepfo hamwe nibice bibiri byimpapuro zakize byakosowe binyuze mu mwobo wo guhuza hamwe nisahani yo hanze, hanyuma hashyizweho isahani ya core hamwe nisahani ya aluminiyumu yishyuwe.
Ikibaho cya PCB gifatwa nisahani yicyuma gishyirwa ku mucyo, hanyuma yohererezwa icyuho gishyushye cyo kubura amatara. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa vacuum bishyushye bishonga epoxy resin mu rupapuro rwa kimwe cya kabiri cyakira, gufata ibyapa byibanze hamwe nigitutu.
Nyuma yo kubura, kura isahani yo hejuru yo gukanda PCB. Noneho isahani ya Aluminiyumu yakuweho, kandi isahani ya Aluminiyumu nayo igira inshingano zo gutandukanya PCB zitandukanye no kureba ko umuringa uri ku mukorikori kuri larb yo hanze ya PCB yoroshye. Muri iki gihe, impande zombi za PCB zasohotse zizatwikirwa nigice cyumuringa woroshye.
6. Gucukura
Guhuza ibice bine bidafite umuringa wumuringa muri PCB hamwe, ubanza utobore unyuze hejuru no hepfo kugirango ufungure PCB, hanyuma ufungure urukuta rwumwobo kugirango ukore amashanyarazi.
Imashini yo gucukura x-ray ikoreshwa mugushakisha ikibaho cyibanze cyimbere, kandi imashini izahita ibona kandi igamenye umwobo uri mu kibaho cyibanze, hanyuma ugakubita umwobo wa PCB kugirango umenye neza ko gucukura ubutaha ari hagati yumwobo.
Shira urwego rwurupapuro rwa Aluminum kuri mashini punch hanyuma ushireho PCB kuri. Kugirango tunoze neza, imbaho 1 kugeza 3 imwe ya PCB izengurura hamwe kugirango igabogerwe ukurikije umubare wibice bya PCB. Hanyuma, ikibanza cyisahani ya aluminiyumu gitwikiriye PCB yo hejuru, kandi ibice byo hejuru no hasi byisahani ya aluminiyumu nibyo iyo drill bikubise kandi igacura, umuringa kuri PCB ntabwo izatanyagura.
Mubikorwa byabanje, epoxy yashonze yashizwe hanze ya PCB, niyo igomba kuvaho. Imashini yo gusya igabanya peripheri ya PCB ukurikije xy ihuza xy.
7. Imvura ya chimique yumuringa ku rukuta rwa pore
Kubera ko hafi ya pcb yakoreshaga ihohoterwa kugirango ihuzemo ibice bitandukanye byinyo, ihuriro ryiza risaba firime ya micron 25 ku mwobo. Ubu bunini bwa firime yumuringa igomba kugerwaho na electraplating, ariko urukuta rwuzuye urukuta rugizwe na epoxy ya epoxy hamwe nubuyobozi bwa fiberglass.
Kubwibyo, intambwe yambere nukusanya urwego rwibikoresho bitwara urukuta, hanyuma ukore film ya micron 1 kuri PCB yose, harimo hejuru ya PCB, harimo urukuta rwakazi, kubitsa imiti. Inzira yose, nko kuvura imiti nogusukura, igenzurwa na mashini.
PCB ihamye
Sukura PCB
Kohereza PCB
8, Ihererekanyabubasha rya PCB
Ibikurikira, imiterere ya PCB izamurwa kumuringa, kandi inzira isa nimiterere yimbere ya PCB hamwe na firime yoroshye yo kwimura imiyoboro ya PCB hamwe na firime yoroshye yohereza imiterere yumuringa, itandukaniro ryonyine nuko firime nziza izakoreshwa nkinama.
Imbere ya PCB Kohereza uburyo bwo gukuramo, kandi firime mbi ikoreshwa nkinama. PCB itwikiriwe na firime ya firime ikomeye kumurongo, fungura filime ifotoze, umuringa washyizwe kuri buri murambo urinzwe na firime ikomeye yifoto hanyuma ibumoso.
Amashanyarazi yo hanze PCB yerekana uburyo busanzwe, hamwe na firime nziza ikoreshwa nkinama. PCB itwikiriwe na film ya choto yakize kubice bidafite umurongo. Nyuma yo koza film ya Гиzo zidacogora, hakozwe electraplanta. Iyo hari film, ntishobora gutoranya, kandi aho nta firime, imaze gusobwa numuringa hanyuma akanama. Nyuma ya firime ikuweho, ETCHINGE YASHOBOKA, hanyuma amabati yakuweho. Umurongo wibishushanyo bisigaye ku kibaho kuko kirinzwe na TIN.
Vuga PCB na electroplate umuringa kuriwo. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, kugirango umwobo ufite imyitwarire ihagije, film ya elepper yatoranijwe kurugamba rwakazi 25, bityo sisitemu yose izahita igenzurwa na mudasobwa kugirango igenzure neza.
9, outer PCB ETCHING
Inzira ya ETCHING irarangiye numuyoboro wuzuye wikora. Mbere ya byose, film yo gufotora yakize ku kibaho cya PCB isukuye. Noneho yogejwe na alkali ikomeye kugirango ikureho umuringa udashaka utwikiriye. Noneho ukureho amabati kuri PCB layout yumuringa hamwe nigisubizo cyiza. Nyuma yo gukora isuku, imiterere 4 ya PCB yuzuye.
