Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyateguwe, kwigana birashobora gukorwa kandi PCB irashobora gushushanywa no kohereza dosiye ya Gerber / drill. Igishushanyo cyaba icyaricyo cyose, injeniyeri agomba kumva neza uburyo imirongo (nibikoresho bya elegitoronike) igomba gushyirwaho nuburyo ikora. Kubashinzwe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kubona ibikoresho bya software bikwiye kubishushanyo bya PCB birashobora kuba umurimo utoroshye. Ibikoresho bya software bikora neza kumushinga umwe wa PCB ntibishobora gukora neza kubandi. Ba injeniyeri bifuza ibikoresho byububiko byimbitse, birimo ibintu byingirakamaro, bihamye bihagije kugirango bigabanye ingaruka, kandi bifite isomero rikomeye rituma bibera imishinga myinshi.

Ikibazo cyibyuma

Kubikorwa bya iot, kwishyira hamwe nibyingenzi mubikorwa no kwizerwa, kandi guhuza ibikoresho bitwara kandi bitayobora muri PCBS bisaba abashushanya iot kwiga imikoranire hagati yibice bitandukanye byamashanyarazi nubukanishi. By'umwihariko, uko ingano y'ibigize ikomeza kugabanuka, gushyushya amashanyarazi kuri PCBS biragenda biba ingorabahizi. Mugihe kimwe, ibisabwa mumikorere biriyongera. Kugirango ugere kumikorere ishingiye kumikorere yubushakashatsi, igisubizo cyubushyuhe, imyitwarire yibice byamashanyarazi kurubaho, hamwe nubuyobozi rusange bwumuriro nibyingenzi mubikorwa no kwizerwa bya sisitemu.

PCB igomba kwigunga kugirango irinde umutekano. Imirongo migufi irindwa kurinda ibimenyetso byumuringa byashyizwe ku kibaho kugirango habeho sisitemu ya elegitoroniki. Ugereranije nubundi buryo buke buhendutse nkimpapuro zifatika zifatika (SRBP, FR-1, FR-2), FR-4 irakwiriye nkibikoresho byubutaka bitewe nuburyo bwumubiri / ubukanishi, cyane cyane ubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru murwego rwo hejuru inshuro, kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, no kuba ikurura amazi make ugereranije nibindi bikoresho. FR-4 ikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako zo hejuru ndetse no mu nganda n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare. Irahujwe na ultra-high insulation (ultra-high vacuum cyangwa UHV).

Nyamara, FR-4 nka substrate ya PCB ihura nimbogamizi nyinshi, zikomoka kumiti yimiti ikoreshwa mubikorwa. By'umwihariko, ibikoresho bikunda kwibumbira hamwe (ibibyimba) n'imirongo (longitudinal bubbles), kimwe no guhindura fibre y'ibirahure. Izi nenge zirashobora gutera imbaraga za dielectric zidahuye kandi bikabangamira imikorere ya PCB. Ibikoresho bishya bya epoxy ibirahure bikemura ibyo bibazo.

Ibindi bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa birimo fibre polyimide / ikirahure (ishyigikira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi irakomeye) na KAPTON (byoroshye, biremereye, bikwiranye na progaramu nka disikuru na clavier). Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibikoresho bya dielectric (substrate) birimo coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe (CTE), ubushyuhe bwikirahure (Tg), ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hamwe nubukanishi bukomeye.

Igisirikare / icyogajuru PCBS gisaba gutekereza kubushakashatsi bwihariye bushingiye kumiterere hamwe na 100% Igishushanyo mbonera (DFT). Igipimo cya MIL-STD-883 gishyiraho uburyo nuburyo bwo gupima ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikwiranye na sisitemu ya gisirikari n’ikirere, harimo gupima imashini n’amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo gukora n’amahugurwa, n’ubundi bugenzuzi kugira ngo urwego ruhoraho rw’ubuziranenge no kwizerwa muri sisitemu. Porogaramu zitandukanye zibyo bikoresho.

Usibye kuba wujuje ibipimo bitandukanye, igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu ya elegitoroniki kigomba gukurikiza amategeko, nka AEC-Q100 ikizamini cya mashini na elegitoronike yo gupakira imiyoboro ihuriweho. Ingaruka za Crosstalk zirashobora kubangamira umutekano wibinyabiziga. Kugabanya izo ngaruka, abashushanya PCB bagomba kwerekana intera iri hagati yumurongo wikimenyetso n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi. Igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nubuziranenge byoroherezwa nibikoresho bya software bihita byerekana ibintu byashushanyije bikeneye guhinduka kugirango huzuzwe imbogamizi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kugirango birinde kugira ingaruka kumikorere ya sisitemu.

Inyandiko:

Kwivanga kumuzunguruko ubwabyo ntabwo bibangamiye ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso. PCB iri mumodoka yatewe urusaku, ikorana numubiri muburyo bugoye bwo gutera umuyaga udashaka mumuzunguruko. Umuvuduko wa voltage hamwe nihindagurika biterwa na sisitemu yo gutwika ibinyabiziga birashobora gusunika ibice birenze kwihanganira imashini.

Ikibazo cya software

Uyu munsi ibikoresho bya PCB bigomba kuba bifite imikorere myinshi kugirango ihuze ibisabwa nabashushanya. Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye bigomba kuba ubwambere mubitekerezo bya PCB kandi ntibigomba na rimwe kwirengagizwa. Ibicuruzwa biva muri Mentor Graphics, OrCAD Sisitemu, na Altium biri mubikoresho bya PCB byubu.

Ibishushanyo mbonera

Altium Designer nimwe murwego rwohejuru rwa PCB igishushanyo mbonera ku isoko uyumunsi. Hamwe nimikorere ya wiring yikora, shyigikira umurongo muremure hamwe no kwerekana 3D. Igishushanyo cya Altium gikubiyemo ibikoresho kumirimo yose yo gushushanya umuzenguruko, kuva gufata igishushanyo kugeza HDL kimwe no kwigana umuzenguruko, gusesengura ibimenyetso, gushushanya PCB, hamwe niterambere rya FPGA

Mentor Graphics 'PCB imiterere ya PCB ikemura ibibazo nyamukuru byugarije sisitemu yumunsi: byukuri, imikorere - no kongera gukoresha igenamigambi ryateguwe; Kugenda neza muri topologiya yuzuye kandi igoye; Kandi gukoresha amashanyarazi. Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga urubuga hamwe nudushya twibanze ku nganda ni Igishushanyo mbonera, gitanga abashushanya kugenzura byimazeyo uburyo bwo gukora / gufashwa gutobora, gutanga ibisubizo byiza nkibikoresho byo gufunga intoki, ariko mugihe gito cyane.

OrCAD Muhinduzi wa PCB

OrCAD PCB Muhinduzi ni ibidukikije bikorana byateguwe kubishushanyo mbonera kurwego urwo arirwo rwose, kuva byoroshye kugeza bigoye. Bitewe nubunini bwukuri kuri Cadence Allegro PCB Igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB, Muhinduzi wa OrCAD PCB ashyigikira iterambere rya tekiniki yitsinda ryabashushanyije kandi arashobora gucunga imbogamizi (umuvuduko mwinshi, ubudakemwa bwibimenyetso, nibindi) mugihe agumana imiterere imwe yimiterere nuburyo bwa dosiye.

Idosiye ya Gerber

Inganda zisanzwe za Gerber zikoreshwa mugutanga amakuru yubushakashatsi kubikorwa bya PCB. Muburyo bwinshi, Gerber asa na PDFS muri electronics; Nuburyo buto bwa dosiye yanditswe mumvugo ivanze yo kugenzura imashini. Izi dosiye zikorwa na software yameneka kandi yoherejwe kubakora PCB kuri software ya CAM.

Kwinjiza neza sisitemu ya elegitoronike mu binyabiziga hamwe nubundi buryo bugoye byerekana ibitekerezo byingenzi kubikoresho na software. Ba injeniyeri bagamije kugabanya umubare wibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nigihe cyiterambere, gifite ibyiza byingenzi kubashushanya gushyira mubikorwa akazi.