Igishushanyo cya PCB Multilayer PCB (Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko) gishobora kuba ingorabahizi. Kuba igishushanyo no gusaba gukoresha ibice birenga bibiri bivuze ko umubare usabwa wumuzunguruko utazashobora gushyirwaho hejuru no hepfo. N'igihe umuzenguruko uhuye mubice bibiri byo hanze, uwashushanyije PCB arashobora guhitamo kongera imbaraga nubutaka butaka imbere muburyo bukwiye.

Kubibazo byubushyuhe kugirango utoroshye EMI (Invation ya electromagnetike) cyangwa ESD (isohoka), hari ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bishobora kuganisha kumikorere ya Suboptimal kandi igomba gukemurwa no kuvaho. Ariko, nubwo umurimo wawe wa mbere nkuwashushanyije ari ugukosora ibibazo byamashanyarazi, ni ngombwa kimwe kutirengagiza iboneza bifatika ryinama yumuzunguruko. Ibibaho bidafite amashanyarazi bishobora gukomeza kunama cyangwa kugoreka, gutera inteko bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka. Kubwamahirwe, kwitondera pcb ibonezamubiri mugihe cyo gushushanya bizagabanya ibibazo bizaza. Kuringaniza-kumurongo nimwe mubice byingenzi byinama yumuriro uhamye.

01
Kuringaniza PCB

Kwizirika kwuzuye ni igikona aho hejuru yumwanya hamwe nuburyo bwo kwambukiranya igice cyinama yumuriro wacapwe byombi. Intego ni ugukuraho ahantu hashobora kuguhindura mugihe uhangayikishijwe mugihe cyo kubyara, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kubura. Iyo akarere kakarere kahindutse, biragoye kubishyiraho inteko. Ibi ni ukuri cyane kubibaho byumuzunguruko bizaterana ku buso bwikora bwo hejuru. Mubihe bikabije, imiterere irashobora no kubungabunga inteko yinteko yateranijwe (Iteraniro ryumuzunguruko ryacapweho) mubicuruzwa byanyuma.

Ibipimo byubugenzuzi bwa IPC bigomba kubuza imbaho ​​yunamye cyane kugirango igere kubikoresho byawe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, niba inzira ya PCB izaba idakwiye rwose, noneho intandaro yo kunama cyane iracyafitanye isano nigishushanyo. Kubwibyo, birasabwa ko ugenzura neza imiterere ya PCB hanyuma ugakora ibyo uhindura mbere yo gushyira prototype yawe ya mbere. Ibi birashobora gukumira umusaruro mubi.

02
Igice cy'Akarere

Impamvu isanzwe ijyanye nuko akanama kacapwe katazashobora kugera ku igorofa ryemewe kuko imiterere yambukiranya igice nisimmetric kubyerekeye hagati yacyo. Kurugero, niba igishushanyo m 8 cyarimo ibikoresho 4 cyangwa umuringa hejuru yikigo gikubiyemo indege zaho hamwe nindege ebyiri zinyuranye, mugihe ibikoresho bimaze gushyuha no gukanda, laminate yose izahinduka.

Kubwibyo, ni imyitozo myiza yo gutegura ibirindiro kugirango ubwoko bwumuringa (indege cyangwa ibimenyetso) byibasiye hagati. Mu gishushanyo gikurikira, ubwoko bwo hejuru no hepfo buhuye, L2-L7, L3-L6 na L4-L5 bihuye. Birashoboka ko umuringa wigituba kubintu byose byerekana ibimenyetso bigereranywa, mugihe urwego rwa Punar rugizwe ahanini numuringa ukomeye. Niba aribyo, noneho ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gifite amahirwe meza yo kurangiza hejuru, iringaniye, nibyiza ku nteko yikora.

03
PCB ifitanye isano igiceri

Nanone ni akamenyero keza ko kuringaniza umubyimba wumutima wumurongo wigice cyose. Byaba byiza, ubunini bwa buri shyiramiro ya buri ndyo igomba guhirwa muburyo busa nkubwoko bwumurongo.

Iyo ubunini butandukanye, birashobora kugorana kubona itsinda ryibikoresho byoroshye gukora. Rimwe na rimwe, kubera ibiranga nka antenna Ubundi buryo. Iyo imirire idahwitse irakenewe, abakora benshi bazasaba kuruhuka cyangwa gutererana burundu umuheto no kwihanganira impinge, kandi niba badashobora no kureka akazi. Ntibashaka kubaka ibice byinshi bihenze hamwe numusaruro muto, hanyuma amaherezo ubone ibice bihagije kugirango bahure numubare wambere.

04
Ikibazo cya PCB

Umuheto kandi uhindagurika nibibazo byubwiza. Iyo igipande cyawe kitaringaniye, hariho ikindi kibazo rimwe na rimwe gitera impaka mu bugenzuzi bwa nyuma - ubunini bwa PCB muri rusange mu myanya itandukanye ku kigo cy'akarere kizahinduka. Ibi bintu biterwa nuburyo busa nubunini buke kandi budasanzwe, ariko birashobora kubaho niba imiterere yawe yahoraga ifite umuringa uringaniye mubice bimwe. Mubisanzwe bigaragara ku kibaho gikoresha byibuze ibice 2 byumuringa hamwe numubare munini wibice. Ibyabaye nuko agace kamwe k'inama y'ubutegetsi kari gafite ubuso bunini bw'umuringa, mu gihe ikindi gice kidafite umuringa. Iyo ibyo bice bimaze gufungurwa hamwe, uruhande rwumuringa rurimo rukandamizwa ku bwinshi, mugihe kuruhande rwumuringa cyangwa umuringa kubuntu.

Ibibaho byinshi byumuzunguruko ukoresheje igice cya kabiri cyangwa 1 ounce yumuringa ntikizagira ingaruka cyane, ariko umuringa uremereye, igihombo kinini. Kurugero, niba ufite ibice 8 byimyanda 3 yumuringa, uturere dufite umuringa woroheje urashobora kugwa byoroshye munsi yubunini bwuzuye. Kugirango wirinde ibi bibaho, menya neza ko uzasuka umuringa mubuso bwose. Niba ibi bidahuye nibitekerezo byamashanyarazi cyangwa uburemere, byibura ongeraho bimwe byashyizwe ku mwobo ku ruganda rw'umuringa kandi urebe neza ko ushyiramo ibice ku mwobo kuri buri gice. Iyi mwobo / pad izatanga inkunga ya mashini kuri y axis, bityo ikagabanya igihombo kinini.

05
Gutamba ibitambo

Ndetse iyo ushushanyije kandi ushizeho PCB nyinshi, ugomba kwitondera imikorere yabanyamabara n'imiterere yumubiri, nubwo ukeneye kumvikana kuri ibi bintu byombi kugirango ugere ku gishushanyo mbonera cya rusange. Mugihe upima amahitamo atandukanye, uzirikane ko niba bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka kuzuza igice kubera uburyo bwumuheto hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyamashanyarazi kidakoreshwa cyane. Kuringaniza ibigega kandi witondere kugabana umuringa kuri buri gice. Izi ntambwe zongera amahirwe yo kubona inama yumuzunguruko iroroshye guterana no gushiraho.