Igishushanyo cya PCB igizwe n'abantu benshi (icyapa cyumuzingo cyacapwe) kirashobora kuba ingorabahizi. Kuba igishushanyo gisaba no gukoresha ibice birenga bibiri bivuze ko umubare ukenewe wumuzingi utazashobora gushyirwaho gusa hejuru no hepfo. Ndetse iyo umuzunguruko uhuye mubice bibiri byo hanze, uwashushanyije PCB arashobora guhitamo kongeramo imbaraga nubutaka imbere kugirango akosore inenge.
Kuva mubibazo byubushyuhe kugeza kuri EMI igoye (Electromagnetic Interference) cyangwa ESD (Electrostatic Discharge), hariho ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bishobora kuganisha kumikorere yumuzunguruko kandi bigomba gukemurwa no kuvaho. Nubwo, nubwo umurimo wawe wambere nkuwashushanyije ari ugukosora ibibazo byamashanyarazi, nibyingenzi nanone kutirengagiza iboneza ryumubiri ryumuzunguruko. Ikibaho kitagira amashanyarazi kirashobora kugoreka cyangwa kugoreka, bigatuma guterana bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka. Kubwamahirwe, kwitondera iboneza rya PCB mugihe cyo gushushanya bizagabanya ibibazo byo guterana. Impuzandengo-ku-kuringaniza ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize uruziga ruhagaze neza.
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Kuringaniza PCB
Kuringaniza kuringaniza ni igipande cyubuso bwububiko hamwe nuburyo bwambukiranya ibice byumuzunguruko wacapwe byombi byumvikana neza. Ikigamijwe ni ugukuraho uduce dushobora guhinduka mugihe duhangayitse mugihe cyibikorwa, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kumurika. Iyo ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyahinduwe, biragoye kubishyira muburyo bwo guterana. Ibi ni ukuri cyane kubibaho byumuzunguruko bizateranirizwa hejuru yimiterere yimiterere no kumurongo. Mubihe bikabije, guhindura ibintu birashobora no kubangamira guterana kwa PCBA (inteko yumuzunguruko wacapwe) mubicuruzwa byanyuma.
Igenzura rya IPC rigomba kubuza imbaho zunamye cyane kugera kubikoresho byawe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, niba ibikorwa bya PCB byakozwe na PCB bitagenzuwe rwose, noneho intandaro yo kunama kwinshi iracyajyanye nigishushanyo. Kubwibyo, birasabwa ko ugenzura neza imiterere ya PCB hanyuma ugahindura ibikenewe mbere yo gushyira progaramu yawe ya mbere. Ibi birashobora gukumira umusaruro muke.
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Igice cyumuzunguruko
Impamvu isanzwe ijyanye nigishushanyo ni uko icyapa cyumuzingo cyacapwe kitazashobora kugera kuburinganire bwemewe kuko imiterere yambukiranya ibice ntigisanzwe hafi yacyo. Kurugero, niba igishushanyo mbonera cya 8 gikoresha ibimenyetso 4 byerekana ibimenyetso cyangwa umuringa hejuru yikigo bitwikiriye indege zaho zoroheje hamwe nindege 4 ugereranije zikomeye hepfo, guhangayikishwa kuruhande rumwe rwikigereranyo ugereranije nundi bishobora gutera Nyuma yo gutobora, mugihe ibikoresho ni laminated no gushyushya no gukanda, laminate yose izahinduka.
Kubwibyo, nibyiza gukora igishushanyo kugirango ubwoko bwumuringa (indege cyangwa ibimenyetso) byerekanwe muburyo bwikigo. Mu gishushanyo gikurikira, ubwoko bwo hejuru no hepfo burahuye, L2-L7, L3-L6 na L4-L5. Birashoboka ko umuringa utwikiriye ibice byose byerekana ibimenyetso biragereranywa, mugihe igishushanyo mbonera kigizwe ahanini n'umuringa ukomeye. Niba aribyo, noneho ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gifite amahirwe meza yo kuzuza ubuso buringaniye, buringaniye, nibyiza guterana byikora.
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Ubunini bwa PCB dielectric
Ni akamenyero keza kuringaniza ubunini bwa dielectric layer ya stack yose. Byiza, ubunini bwa buri dielectric layer bugomba kwerekanwa muburyo busa nkubwoko bwa layer bwerekanwe.
Iyo umubyimba utandukanye, birashobora kugorana kubona itsinda ryibintu byoroshye gukora. Rimwe na rimwe, bitewe nibintu nka antenne, gutondekanya asimmetrike birashobora kuba byanze bikunze, kubera ko intera nini cyane hagati ya antenne nindege yayo ishobora gukenerwa, ariko nyamuneka reba neza kandi unanure byose mbere yo gukomeza. Ubundi buryo. Mugihe hagomba kubaho umwanya wa dielectric utaringaniye, ababikora benshi bazasaba kuruhuka cyangwa kureka burundu umuheto no kwihanganira, kandi niba badashobora kureka, barashobora no kureka akazi. Ntibashaka kubaka ibyiciro byinshi bihenze hamwe numusaruro muke, hanyuma amaherezo bakabona ibice byujuje ibyangombwa kugirango byuzuze umubare wambere wabyo.
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Ikibazo cya PCB
Umuheto no kugoreka nibibazo bikunze kugaragara. Iyo igipande cyawe kitaringaniye, harikindi kibazo rimwe na rimwe gitera impaka mugenzuzi wanyuma-muri rusange umubyimba wa PCB kumyanya itandukanye kurubaho ruzunguruka. Ibi bintu biterwa nubushakashatsi busa nkibito kandi ntibisanzwe, ariko birashoboka mugihe imiterere yawe ihora ifite umuringa utaringaniye kumurongo umwe ahantu hamwe. Ubusanzwe igaragara ku mbaho zikoresha byibuze garama 2 z'umuringa n'umubare munini ugereranije. Ibyabaye nuko agace kamwe k'inama kari gafite ahantu hanini hasukwa umuringa, mugihe ikindi gice cyari kitarimo umuringa. Iyo ibyo byiciro bishyizwe hamwe, uruhande rurimo umuringa rushyirwa hasi kugeza mubyimbye, mugihe uruhande rutagira umuringa cyangwa umuringa ruba hasi.
Imbaho nyinshi zumuzunguruko ukoresheje igice cya ounce cyangwa 1 ounce yumuringa ntizizagira ingaruka cyane, ariko uko umuringa uremereye, niko gutakaza umubyimba. Kurugero, niba ufite ibice 8 bya garama 3 z'umuringa, uduce dufite umuringa woroshye urashobora kugabanuka munsi yuburemere bwuzuye. Kugira ngo wirinde ko ibyo bitabaho, menya neza ko usuka umuringa neza. Niba ibi bidahwitse kubitekerezo byamashanyarazi cyangwa uburemere, byibuze ongeramo bimwe bisobekeranye mumyobo kumurongo wumuringa woroshye hanyuma urebe neza ko ushiramo padi kumyobo kuri buri cyiciro. Ibyo byobo / padi bizatanga ubufasha bwa mashini kuri Y axis, bityo bigabanye gutakaza umubyimba.
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Gutamba intsinzi
Ndetse mugihe utegura kandi ugashyiraho PCBs nyinshi, ugomba kwitondera imikorere yamashanyarazi nuburyo bwimiterere, kabone niyo waba ukeneye kumvikana kuriyi ngingo zombi kugirango ugere kubishushanyo mbonera kandi byakozwe muri rusange. Mugihe upima amahitamo atandukanye, uzirikane ko niba bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka kuzuza igice bitewe no guhindura umuheto hamwe nuburyo bugoretse, igishushanyo kiranga amashanyarazi meza ntigikoreshwa gake. Kuringaniza igipande kandi witondere gukwirakwiza umuringa kuri buri cyiciro. Izi ntambwe zongera amahirwe yo kubona amaherezo yumuzunguruko byoroshye guteranya no gushiraho.