01 >> Igitekerezo cyubwoko bwinshi nibice bito

Ubwinshi-butandukanye, umusaruro-muto-byerekana uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro aho usanga hari ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa (ibisobanuro, imiterere, ingano, imiterere, amabara, nibindi) nkintego yumusaruro mugihe cyagenwe cyagenwe, numubare muto wa ibicuruzwa bya buri bwoko byakozwe..

Muri rusange, ugereranije nuburyo rusange bwo gukora, ubu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro bufite ubushobozi buke, buhenze cyane, ntabwo byoroshye kubona automatike, kandi gahunda yumusaruro nishyirahamwe biragoye.Nyamara, mubihe byubukungu bwisoko, abaguzi bakunda gutandukanya ibyo bakunda, bakurikirana ibicuruzwa byateye imbere, bidasanzwe kandi bizwi cyane bitandukanye nabandi.

Ibicuruzwa bishya bigenda bigaragara mu buryo budashira, kandi kugirango twagure imigabane ku isoko, ibigo bigomba guhuza n’iri hinduka ku isoko.Gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byinganda byahindutse inzira byanze bikunze.Byumvikane ko, dukwiye kubona itandukaniro ryibicuruzwa no kugaragara kudashira kwibicuruzwa bishya, nabyo bizatuma ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bivaho mbere yuko bishaje kandi bigifite agaciro, bitesha agaciro umutungo wimibereho.Iki kintu gikwiye gukangura abantu.

02 >> Ibiranga ubwoko bwinshi nibice bito

1. Ubwoko bwinshi muburyo bubangikanye

Kubera ko ibicuruzwa byinshi byashyizweho kubakiriya, ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikenera ibintu bitandukanye, kandi umutungo wikigo uri muburyo butandukanye.

2. Kugabana Ibikoresho

Igikorwa cyose mubikorwa byumusaruro gisaba amikoro, ariko ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa nyirizina ni bike cyane.Kurugero, ikibazo cyamakimbirane yibikoresho bikunze kugaragara mugikorwa cyo kubyara biterwa no kugabana umutungo wumushinga.Kubwibyo, amikoro make agomba gutangwa neza kugirango ahuze ibyifuzo byumushinga.

3. Kutamenya neza ibisubizo n'ibisubizo byizunguruka

Bitewe no guhungabana kwabakiriya, gahunda ziteganijwe neza ntabwo zihuye numuzenguruko wuzuye wabantu, imashini, ibikoresho, uburyo, nibidukikije, nibindi, uruzinduko rwumusaruro akenshi ntirushidikanywaho, kandi imishinga ifite igihe cyigihe kidahagije isaba amikoro menshi., Kongera ingorane zo kugenzura umusaruro.

4. Guhinduka mubisabwa byateje ubukererwe bukomeye

Bitewe no kwinjiza cyangwa guhindura gahunda, biragoye gutunganya no gutanga amasoko kugirango bigaragaze igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa.Bitewe nitsinda rito hamwe nisoko imwe yo gutanga, ibyago byo gutanga ni byinshi cyane.

03 >> Ingorane muburyo butandukanye, umusaruro muto

1. Gahunda yimikorere itegura gahunda hamwe nuburyo bwoherejwe kumurongo: kwinjiza byihutirwa kwinjiza, ibikoresho byananiranye, gutwarwa neza.

2. Kumenyekanisha no gutembera kumacupa: mbere no mugihe cyo gukora

3. Inzitizi nyinshi zo murwego: icyuho cyumurongo winteko, icyuho cyumurongo wibice byibice, uburyo bwo guhuza hamwe nabashakanye.

4. Ingano ya buffer: haba inyuma cyangwa kutarwanya kwivanga.Ibyiciro byibyakozwe, kwimura ibyiciro, nibindi.

5. Gahunda yumusaruro: ntuzirikane gusa icyuho, ahubwo urebe ningaruka zumutungo utari muto.

Ubwoko butandukanye kandi buto-buto bwo gutanga umusaruro nabwo buzahura nibibazo byinshi mubikorwa byamasosiyete, nka:

>>> Ubwinshi-butandukanye kandi buto butanga umusaruro, gahunda ivanze iragoye
>>> Ntibishobora gutanga ku gihe, "amasaha menshi yo kurwanya umuriro" amasaha y'ikirenga
>>> Iteka risaba gukurikiranwa cyane
>>> Ibyihutirwa byumusaruro bihinduka kenshi, kandi gahunda yambere ntishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa
>>> Ibarura rikomeje kwiyongera, ariko ibikoresho byingenzi bikunze kubura
>>> Umusaruro wizunguruka ni muremure cyane, kandi igihe cyo kuyobora cyaguwe bitagira akagero

04 >> Ubwoko butandukanye, umusaruro muto wicyiciro no gucunga neza

1. Igipimo kinini cyo gusiba mugihe cyo gutangira

Kubera ihinduka rihoraho ryibicuruzwa, guhindura ibicuruzwa no gukemura ibicuruzwa bigomba gukorwa kenshi.Mugihe cyo guhinduka, ibipimo byibikoresho bigomba guhinduka, gusimbuza ibikoresho nibikoresho, gutegura cyangwa guhamagara gahunda za CNC, nibindi, ntibabishaka.Hazabaho amakosa cyangwa amakosa.Rimwe na rimwe, abakozi barangije ibicuruzwa byanyuma kandi bakaba batarasobanukirwa neza cyangwa ngo bibuke ibintu byingenzi bikenerwa mu bicuruzwa bishya, kandi baracyakomeza "kwibizwa mu mikorere y’ibicuruzwa biheruka, bikavamo ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibyangombwa no gusiba ibicuruzwa.

Mubyukuri, mubikorwa bito bito, ibyinshi mumyanda ikorwa mugikorwa cyo kuvugurura ibicuruzwa no gukuramo ibikoresho.Kubintu byinshi bitandukanye kandi bito-bito, kugabanya ibisigazwa mugihe cyo gutangiza ni ngombwa cyane.

2. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo kugenzura nyuma yubugenzuzi

Ibibazo byingenzi bya sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge ni kugenzura inzira no gucunga neza ubuziranenge.

Mu rwego rwisosiyete, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bufatwa nkikibazo cyamahugurwa yumusaruro, ariko amashami atandukanye arahari.Ku bijyanye no kugenzura imikorere, nubwo ibigo byinshi bifite amabwiriza yimikorere, amabwiriza yimikorere yibikoresho, amabwiriza yumutekano ninshingano zakazi, biterwa nimikorere mibi kandi Biragoye cyane, kandi ntaburyo bwo gukurikirana, kandi kubishyira mubikorwa ntabwo biri hejuru.Kubireba inyandiko zikorwa, ibigo byinshi ntabwo byigeze bikora imibare kandi ntibyigeze bigira akamenyero ko kugenzura inyandiko zikorwa buri munsi.Kubwibyo, inyandiko nyinshi zumwimerere ntakindi uretse ikirundo cyimpapuro.

3. Ingorane zo gushyira mubikorwa igenzura ryimibare

Igenzura ry'Imibare (SPC) ni tekinoroji yo gucunga neza ikoresha tekiniki y'ibarurishamibare yo gusuzuma no kugenzura ibyiciro byose, igashyiraho kandi igakomeza inzira ku rwego rwemewe kandi ruhamye, kandi ikemeza ko ibicuruzwa na serivisi byujuje ibisabwa.

Igenzura ryibarurishamibare nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge, kandi imbonerahamwe yo kugenzura nubuhanga bwingenzi bwo kugenzura imikorere y'ibarurishamibare.Nyamara, kubera ko ibicapo gakondo bigenzurwa bikozwe mubunini bunini, butanga umusaruro ushimishije, biragoye kubishyira mubikorwa bito bito.

Bitewe numubare muto wibice byatunganijwe, amakuru yakusanyijwe ntabwo yujuje ibyangombwa byo gukoresha uburyo gakondo bwibarurishamibare, ni ukuvuga imbonerahamwe yo kugenzura ntabwo yakozwe kandi umusaruro warangiye.Imbonerahamwe yo kugenzura ntabwo yakinnye uruhare rwayo rwo gukumira kandi yatakaje akamaro ko gukoresha uburyo bwibarurishamibare kugirango igenzure ubuziranenge.

05 >> Ibice byinshi, bito-bito byingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge

Ibiranga umusaruro wubwoko bwinshi nibice bito byongera ingorane zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.Kugirango hamenyekane neza ko ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bigenda byiyongera bitewe nubwoko butandukanye n’umusaruro muto, birakenewe gushyiraho amabwiriza arambuye yo gukora, gushyira mu bikorwa ihame rya "gukumira mbere", no gushyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo kuyobora butezimbere urwego rwubuyobozi.

1. Gushiraho amabwiriza arambuye yakazi hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora mugihe cyo gutangira

Amabwiriza yakazi agomba kuba akubiyemo gahunda yo kugenzura imibare isabwa, nimero yimikorere, uburyo bwo kugenzura nibipimo byose bigomba guhinduka.Tegura amabwiriza y'akazi hakiri kare, urashobora gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu bitandukanye, binyuze mu kwegeranya no kugenzura, gukusanya ubwenge n'uburambe bw'abantu benshi kugirango utezimbere kandi bishoboka.Irashobora kandi kugabanya neza igihe cyo guhindura kumurongo no kongera ikoreshwa ryibikoresho.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora (SOP) bugena buri ntambwe yo gukora imirimo yo gutangira.Hitamo icyo gukora kuri buri ntambwe nuburyo wabikora ukurikije ibihe.Kurugero, ubwoko bwibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC birashobora guhinduka ukurikije urukurikirane rwo guhindura urwasaya-guhamagara gahunda-ukurikije umubare wibikoresho byakoreshejwe muri porogaramu-kugenzura-ibikoresho-gushiraho-igenamigambi ryakazi-gushiraho zero point-ikora gahunda intambwe ku yindi.Imirimo itatanye ikorwa muburyo runaka kugirango wirinde amakosa.

Igihe kimwe, kuri buri ntambwe, uburyo bwo gukora nuburyo bwo kugenzura nabyo byateganijwe.Kurugero, nigute ushobora kumenya niba urwasaya rudasanzwe nyuma yo guhindura urwasaya.Birashobora kugaragara ko uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kugenzura imikorere yimikorere yimikorere, kugirango buri mukozi ashobore gukora ibintu akurikije amabwiriza abigenga, kandi ntihazabaho amakosa akomeye.Nubwo haba hari amakosa, irashobora kugenzurwa byihuse binyuze muri SOP kugirango ibone ikibazo no kugikemura.

2. Mubyukuri shyira mubikorwa ihame ryo "gukumira mbere"

Birakenewe guhindura inyigisho "gukumira mbere, guhuza gukumira no kurinda amarembo" mukwirinda "nyabyo".Ibi ntibisobanura ko abarinzi b'irembo batakiri amarembo, ariko imikorere y'abarinzi b'irembo igomba kurushaho kunozwa, ni ukuvuga ibikubiye mu barinzi b'irembo.Harimo ibintu bibiri: kimwe ni kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, naho intambwe ikurikira ni ukugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikorwa.Kugirango ugere ku bicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge 100%, ikintu cya mbere cyingenzi ntabwo ari ukugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, ahubwo ni ukugenzura byimazeyo ibikorwa byakozwe mbere.

06 >> Nigute wategura byinshi-bitandukanye, gahunda-yumusaruro muto

1. Uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuringaniza

Uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuringaniza bushingiye kubisabwa n'amategeko agenga intego, kugirango tugere ku ntego za gahunda, kugirango harebwe niba ibintu cyangwa ibipimo bifitanye isano mugihe cyateganijwe bigereranijwe neza, bihujwe, kandi bigahuzwa hamwe, ukoresheje ifishi yumubare kugirango umenye binyuze mubisesengura byongeye kubara.Ibipimo byerekana.Duhereye ku myumvire ya sisitemu, ibyo ni ugukomeza imiterere yimbere ya sisitemu kuri gahunda kandi ishyize mu gaciro.Ikiranga uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuringaniza ni ugukora uburinganire bwuzuye kandi busubirwamo binyuze mubipimo byerekana imiterere nuburyo bwo kubyara umusaruro, gukomeza uburinganire hagati yimirimo, umutungo nibikenewe, hagati yigice cyose, no hagati yintego nigihe kirekire.Witondere imiyoborere yamasosiyete amagana, kandi wakire amakuru menshi kubuntu.Birakwiye gutegura gahunda yigihe kirekire yumusaruro.Nibyiza gukoresha ubushobozi bwabantu bumushinga, imari nibikoresho.

2. Uburyo bwo kugereranya

Uburyo bugereranijwe nabwo bwitwa uburyo butaziguye.Ikoresha igipimo kirekire kirambye hagati yibipimo bibiri byubukungu byashize kubara no kumenya ibipimo bijyanye mugihe cyateganijwe.Ishingiye ku kigereranyo kiri hagati yingero zijyanye, bityo bigira ingaruka cyane kubwukuri bwikigereranyo.Mubisanzwe bikwiranye namasosiyete akuze akusanya amakuru maremare.

3. Uburyo bwa Quota

Uburyo bwa kwota ni ukubara no kumenya ibipimo bijyanye nigihe cyateganijwe ukurikije igipimo cya tekiniki nubukungu bijyanye.Irangwa no kubara byoroshye kandi byukuri.Ingaruka ni uko yibasiwe cyane nikoranabuhanga ryibicuruzwa niterambere ryikoranabuhanga.

4. Amategeko ya Cyber

Uburyo bwurusobe bushingiye kumahame shingiro yubuhanga bwo gusesengura imiyoboro yo kubara no kumenya ibipimo bijyanye.Ibiranga biroroshye kandi byoroshye kubishyira mubikorwa, bitunganijwe ukurikije gahunda y'ibikorwa, birashobora kumenya byihuse intego yibikorwa, gahunda yo kuyikoresha ni nini cyane, ibereye ibyiciro byose.

5. Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka

Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka ni uburyo bukomeye bwo gutegura gahunda.Ihindura gahunda mugihe gikwiye ukurikije ishyirwa mubikorwa rya gahunda mugihe runaka, urebye impinduka zimiterere yimbere n’ibidukikije by’umuryango, bityo ikongerera gahunda mugihe runaka, ikomatanya igihe gito. gahunda hamwe na gahunda ndende Nuburyo bwo gutegura gahunda.

Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bufite uburyo bukurikira:

1. Gahunda igabanijwemo ibihe byinshi byo gushyira mu bikorwa, muri byo gahunda y'igihe gito igomba kuba irambuye kandi yihariye, mu gihe gahunda y'igihe kirekire isa naho itoroshye;

2. Nyuma yuko gahunda ishyizwe mu bikorwa mu gihe runaka, ibikubiye muri gahunda n'ibipimo bifitanye isano bizavugururwa, bihindurwe kandi byuzuzwe hakurikijwe uko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije;

3. Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bwirinda gushimangira gahunda, kunoza guhuza gahunda nubuyobozi bujyanye nakazi keza, kandi nuburyo bworoshye bwo gutegura umusaruro;

4. Ihame ryo gutegura gahunda yo kuzunguruka ni "hafi neza kandi irakabije", kandi uburyo bwo gukora ni "gushyira mubikorwa, guhindura, no kuzunguruka".
Ibi biranga byerekana ko gahunda yo kuzunguruka ihora ihindurwa kandi igasubirwamo hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko, ibyo bikaba bihura n’uburyo butandukanye, uburyo buto bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bujyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko.Gukoresha uburyo bwo gutangiza gahunda yo kuyobora umusaruro wubwoko butandukanye hamwe nuduce duto ntibishobora gusa kongera ubushobozi bwibikorwa byo guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko, ariko kandi bikagumya gutuza no kuringaniza umusaruro wabo bwite, akaba aribwo buryo bwiza.